华师基英1B14.ppt

,thejeaningofamerica,readaloud,audiovisualsupplements,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,i.readaloud,readthefollowingpassagealoud,makingapausebetweensensegroups.,1-1,sectionthree:detailedreading,ifby“suburb”ismeantanurbanmargin/thatgrowsmorerapidlythanitsalreadydevelopedinterior,/theprocessofsuburbanizationbegan/duringtheemergenceoftheindustrialcityinthesecondquarterofthenineteenthcentury./beforethatperiod/thecitywasasmallhighlycompactcluster/inwhichpeoplemovedaboutonfootandgoodswereconveyedbyhorseandcart./buttheearlyfactoriesbuiltinthe1840swerelocatedalongwaterways/andnearrailheadsattheedgesofcities,/andhousingwasneededforthethousandsofpeopledrawnbytheprospectofemployment./intime,/thefactories,thejeaningofamerica,readaloud,audiovisualsupplements,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,1-2,sectionthree:detailedreading,weresurrounded/byproliferatingmilltownsofapartmentsandrowhousesthatabuttedtheolder,/maincities./asadefenseagainstthisencroachmentandtoenlargetheirtaxbases,/thecitiesappropriatedtheirindustrialneighbors./in1854,/forexample,/thecityofphiladelphiaannexedmostofphiladelphiacounty./similarmunicipalmaneuverstookplaceinchicagoandinnewyork./indeed,/mostgreatcitiesoftheunitedstatesachievedsuchstatus/onlybyincorporatingthecommunitiesalongtheirborders./,readaloud,audiovisualsupplements,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,ii.audiovisualsupplements,1-2-1,sectionthree:detailedreading,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,questions:,1.whatisthefeatureofthepants?2.doyoulikewearingpants?whatkindsofpantsdoyoulikebest?,answersforreference:,1.thepantsfitforfourofthesisters.2.openanswer.,filmepisode:thesisterhoodofthetravelingpants,thejeaningofamerica,readaloud,audiovisualsupplements,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,1-2-2,sectionthree:detailedreading,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,lena:tibby:briget:carmen:carmen:carmen:,carmen,youtrythemon.oh,comeon,honestly.areyouserious?youthinkthatapairofjeansthatfitsallthreeofyouisgoingtofitallofthis?putthemon,now.wewillhelpyourthighsgetintothem.dontworryaboutthat.tibby!imjustkidding.comeon.willyouhelpmegetoutofthem?allright.allthighs.ok.herewego.what?itoldyouguys.imjustgonnatakethemoffandweregonnapretendlikethisneverhappened.,briget:carmen:,briget:tibby:,readaloud,audiovisualsupplements,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,1-2-2,sectionthree:detailedreading,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,briget:,no.carmen,comeoverhereandlookatyourself.theylookamazingonyou.callmecrazy,butitsscientificallyimpossiblethatapairofpantscouldfitmeandme.andme.andme.,lena:,briget:tibby:carmen:,thejeaningofamerica,readaloud,audiovisualsupplements,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,1-2-1-1,sectionthree:detailedreading,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,textanalysis,structuralanalysis,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectiontwo:globalreading,2-1,culturalbackground,thisisapieceofinvestigativewritingwhichexploresthehistoryofthebluejeans,oneofamericansymbolstoday.theauthorprovidessomeimportantinformationconcerningwhotheinventorwas,whenandhowthepantscameintobeing,whytheyhavebecomepopularandwhattheysymbolize.,i.textanalysis,sectionthree:detailedreading,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,textanalysis,structuralanalysis,sectiontwo:globalreading,2-2-1,culturalbackground,ii.structuralanalysis,sectionthree:detailedreading,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,paragraphs2-3,theintroductionoflevisstrauss,theinventorofthebluejeans,paragraph1,thepresentstatusofthebluejeansinamericaandintheworld,paragraphs4-5,thedetaileddescriptionofhowstraussmadehisfirstbluejeans,paragraph6,thegrowingbusinessandpopularityofthebluejeans,paragraph7,thepeculiarmeritsofthebluejeans,thejeaningofamerica,textanalysis,structuralanalysis,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,2-3-1,culturalbackground,iii.culturalbackground,thelifeofanordinarycitizenatthetimeoftheamericanrevolutioncouldinvolveextraordinaryeventshuntingandfarminginthewilderness,whaling,fightinginthewar,andinonecase,beingcapturedbythebritishandheldinenglandforforty-eightyears,thenreturningaforgottenhero.this,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,lastwasthecaseforoneisraelpotter,whosepartlyimaginedbiographywaswrittenin1855byhermanmelville,whomadethisremarktowardstheendofthebook:“foratimeback,acrosstheotherwiseblue-jeancareerofisrael,pauljonesflitsandre-flitslikea,thejeaningofamerica,textanalysis,structuralanalysis,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,2-3-2,culturalbackground,melvillesstatementisevidencethatbluejeanswererecognizedinthosedaysastheeverydaywearofamericans.moreevidencecomesfromthecareerofjamesdouglasswilliams,governorofindiana(1876-80).hewasknownas“bluejeans”williamsbecauseheworebluejeanstocultivatetheruralvote.moreamericansnowwearjeans(notalwaysblue)onmoreoccasions;womenandmen,richandpoor,incollegeclassroomsandatparties,andtonightclubsaswellastowork.designerjeans(1966)wereasuccessfultwentieth-centuryattempttomakejeansfashionableaswellasdowntoearth,thusraisingtheirhumbleprices.jeansthemselvesarenotanamericaninvention.thewordjeandatesatleastfromthe1560s,referringtoclothofgenoa,italy,andby,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,crimsonthread.onemorebriefinterminglingofit,andtotheplainoldhomespunwereturn.”,thejeaningofamerica,textanalysis,structuralanalysis,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,2-3-3,culturalbackground,the1840sinenglandwereadofworkersinstableswearingjeans.buttheassociationofbluejeanswithcowboysandminers,andthesuccessofthesanfranciscomanufacturerlevistrausinstead,hefoundthempushingneedles,thread,pots,pans,ribbons,yarn,scissors,andbuttonstohousewives.fortwoyearshewasalowlypeddler,haulingsome180poundsofsundriesdoortodoortoekeoutamarginalliving.whenamarriedsisterinsanfranciscoofferedtopayhiswaywestin1850,hejumpedattheopportunity,takingwithhimboltsofcanvashehopedtosellfortenting.,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text3-s,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,itwasthewrongkindofcanvasforthatpurpose,butwhiletalkingwithaminerdownfromthemotherlode,helearnedthatpantssturdypantsthatwouldstanduptotherigorsofthediggingwerealmostimpossibletofind.opportunitybeckoned.onthespot,straussmeasuredthemansgirthandinseamwithapieceofstringand,forsixdollarsingolddust,hadthecanvastailoredintoapairofstiffbutruggedpants.theminerwasdelightedwiththeresult.wordgotaroundabout“thosepantsofleviss”,andstrausswasinbusiness.thecompanyhasbeeninbusinesseversince.whenstraussranoutofcanvas,hewrotehistwobrotherstosendmore.hereceivedinsteadatough,browncottonclothmadeinnimes,francecalledsergedenimesandswiftlyshortenedto“denim”(theword“jeans”derivesfromgenes,thefrenchwordforgenoa,whereasimilarclothwasproduced).almostfromthefirst,strausshadhiscloth,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text4-s,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,dyedthedistinctiveindigothatgavebluejeanstheirname.butitwasnotuntilthe1870sthatheaddedthecopperrivetswhichhavelongsincebecomeacompanytrademark.therivetsweretheideaofavirginiacity,nevada,tailor,jacobw.davis,whoaddedthemtopacifyamean-temperedminercalledalkaliike.alkali,thestorygoes,complainedthatthepocketsofhisjeansalwaystorewhenhestuffedthemwithoresamplesanddemandedthatdavisdosomethingaboutit.asakindofjoke,davistookthepantstoablacksmithandhadthepocketsriveted;onceagain,theideaworkedsowellthatwordgotaround.in1873straussappropriatedandpatentedthegimmickandhireddavisasaregionalmanager.,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text5-s,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text6-s,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,bythistime,strausshadtakenbothhisbrothersandtwobrothers-in-lawintothecompanyandwasreadyforhisthirdsanfranciscostore.overtheensuingyearsthecompanyprosperedlocally,andbythetimeofhisdeathin1902,strausshadbecomeamanofprominenceincalifornia.forthreedecadesthereafterthebusinessremainedprofitablethoughsmall.withsaleslargelyconfinedtotheworkingpeopleofthewestcowboys,lumberjacks,railroadworkers,andthelike.levisjeanswerefirstintroducedtotheeast,apparently,duringtheduderanchcrazeofthe1930s,whenvacationingeasternersreturnedandspreadwordaboutthewonderfulpantswithrivets.anotherboostcameinworldwarii,whenbluejeansweredeclaredanessentialcommodityandweresoldonlytopeopleengagedindefensework.fromacompanywith,thejeaningofamerica,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text7-s,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,fifteensalespeople,twoplants,andalmostnobusinesseastofthemississippiin1946,theorganizationgrewinthirtyyearstoincludeasalesforceofmorethantwenty-twothousand,withfiftyplantsandofficesinthirty-fivecountries.eachyear,morethan250,000,000itemsoflevissclothingaresoldincludingmorethan83,000,000pairsofrivetedbluejeans.theyhavebecome,throughmarketing,wordofmouth,anddemonstrablereliability,thecommonpantsofamerica.theycanbepurchasedpre-washed,pre-faded,andpre-shrunkforthesuitablyproletarianlook.theyadaptthemselvestoanysortofidiosyncraticuse;womenslitthemattheinseamsandconvertthemintolongskirts,menchopthemoffabovethekneesandturnthemintosomethingtobewornwhilechallengingthesurf.decorationsandornamentationsabound.,thejeaningofamerica,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text8-s,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thepantshavebecomeatradition,andalongthewayhaveacquiredahistoryoftheirownsomuchsothatthecompanyhasopenedamuseuminsanfrancisco.therewas,forexample,theturn-of-the-centurytrainmanwhoreplacedafaultycouplingwithapairofjeans;thewyomingmanwhousedhisjeansasatowropetohaulhiscaroutofaditch;thecalifornianwhofoundseveralpairsinanabandonedmine,worethem,thendiscoveredtheyweresixty-threeyearsoldandstillasgoodasnewandturnedthemovertothesmithsonianasatributetotheirroughness.andthenthereistheparticularlyterrifyingstoryofthecarelessconstructionworkerwhodangledfifty-twostoriesabovethestreetuntilrescued,hissolesupportthelevisbeltloopthroughwhichhisropewashooked.1,115words,thejeaningofamerica,today,therearetoughdouble-kneedjeansforkids,acid-washedjeansforteens,designerjeansforthefashionset,andboot-cutjeansforoutdoorworkers.butallbeganin1850whenlevisstrauss,agermanimmigrantwhohadgonewesttoseekhisfortune,sewedupsomesturdycanvaspantsforaminer.carinquinn,whoreceivedhermastersdegreefromcaliforniastateuniversityinlosangeles,firstpublished“thejeaningofamericaandtheworld”inamericanheritage.thestoryoflevisstraussscareer,andtheparallelcareerofhisproletarianpants,isparttruegrit,partluck,andpartlegend.thebottomline,quinnreports,is83millionpairsoflevisrivetedbluejeanssoldeveryyear.,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text1-w,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,thejeaningofamerican,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,thisisthestoryofasturdyamericansymbolwhichhasnowspreadthroughoutmostoftheworld.thesymbolisnotthedollar.itisnotevencoca-cola.itisasimplepairofpantscalledbluejeans,andwhatthepantssymbolizeiswhatalexisdetocquevillecalled“amanlyandlegitimatepassionforequality.”bluejeansarefavoredequallybybureaucratsandcowboys,bankersanddeadbeats,fashiondesignersandbeerdrinkers.theydrawnodistinctionsandrecognizenoclasses:theyaremerelyamerican.yettheyaresoughtafteralmosteverywhereintheworldincludingrussia,whereauthoritiesrecentlybrokeupateenagedgangthatwassellingthemontheblack-marketfortwohundreddollarsapair.theyhavebeenaroundforalongtime.anditseemslikelythattheywilloutliveeventhenecktie.,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text2-w,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,thisubiquitousamericansymbolwastheinventionofabavarian-bornjew.hisnamewaslevisstrauss.hewasborninbadocheim,germany,in1829,andduringtheeuropeanpoliticalturmoilof1848decidedtotakehischancesinnewyork,towhichhistwobrothersalreadyhademigrated.uponarrival,levissoonfoundthathistwobrothershadexaggeratedtheirtalesofaneasylifeinthelandofthemainchance.theywerelandowners,theyhadtoldhim;instead,hefoundthempushingneedles,thread,pots,pans,ribbons,yarn,scissors,andbuttonstohousewives.fortwoyearshewasalowlypeddler,haulingsome180poundsofsundriesdoortodoortoekeoutamarginalliving.whenamarriedsisterinsanfranciscoofferedtopayhiswaywestin1850,hejumpedattheopportunity,takingwithhimboltsofcanvashehopedtosellfortenting.,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text3-w,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,itwasthewrongkindofcanvasforthatpurpose,butwhiletalkingwithaminerdownfromthemotherlode,helearnedthatpantssturdypantsthatwouldstanduptotherigorsofthediggingwerealmostimpossibletofind.opportunitybeckoned.onthespot,straussmeasuredthemansgirthandinseamwithapieceofstringand,forsixdollarsingolddust,hadthecanvastailoredintoapairofstiffbutruggedpants.theminerwasdelightedwiththeresult.wordgotaroundabout“thosepantsofleviss”,andstrausswasinbusiness.thecompanyhasbeeninbusinesseversince.whenstraussranoutofcanvas,hewrotehistwobrotherstosendmore.hereceivedinsteadatough,browncottonclothmadeinnimes,francecalledsergedenimesandswiftlyshortenedto“denim”(theword“jeans”derivesfromgenes,thefrenchwordforgenoa,whereasimilarclothwasproduced).almostfromthefirst,strausshadhiscloth,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text4-w,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,dyedthedistinctiveindigothatgavebluejeanstheirname.butitwasnotuntilthe1870sthatheaddedthecopperrivetswhichhavelongsincebecomeacompanytrademark.therivetsweretheideaofavirginiacity,nevada,tailor,jacobw.davis,whoaddedthemtopacifyamean-temperedminercalledalkaliike.alkali,thestorygoes,complainedthatthepocketsofhisjeansalwaystorewhenhestuffedthemwithoresamplesanddemandedthatdavisdosomethingaboutit.asakindofjoke,davistookthepantstoablacksmithandhadthepocketsriveted;onceagain,theideaworkedsowellthatwordgotaround.in1873straussappropriatedandpatentedthegimmickandhireddavisasaregionalmanager.,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text5-w,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thejeaningofamerica,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text6-w,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,bythistime,strausshadtakenbothhisbrothersandtwobrothers-in-lawintothecompanyandwasreadyforhisthirdsanfranciscostore.overtheensuingyearsthecompanyprosperedlocally,andbythetimeofhisdeathin1902,strausshadbecomeamanofprominenceincalifornia.forthreedecadesthereafterthebusinessremainedprofitablethoughsmall.withsaleslargelyconfinedtotheworkingpeopleofthewestcowboys,lumberjacks,railroadworkers,andthelike.levisjeanswerefirstintroducedtotheeast,apparently,duringtheduderanchcrazeofthe1930s,whenvacationingeasternersreturnedandspreadwordaboutthewonderfulpantswithrivets.anotherboostcameinworldwarii,whenbluejeansweredeclaredanessentialcommodityandweresoldonlytopeopleengagedindefensework.fromacompanywith,thejeaningofamerica,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text7-w,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,fifteensalespeople,twoplants,andalmostnobusinesseastofthemississippiin1946,theorganizationgrewinthirtyyearstoincludeasalesforceofmorethantwenty-twothousand,withfiftyplantsandofficesinthirty-fivecountries.eachyear,morethan250,000,000itemsoflevissclothingaresoldincludingmorethan83,000,000pairsofrivetedbluejeans.theyhavebecome,throughmarketing,wordofmouth,anddemonstrablereliability,thecommonpantsofamerica.theycanbepurchasedpre-washed,pre-faded,andpre-shrunkforthesuitablyproletarianlook.theyadaptthemselvestoanysortofidiosyncraticuse;womenslitthemattheinseamsandconvertthemintolongskirts,menchopthemoffabovethekneesandturnthemintosomethingtobewornwhilechallengingthesurf.decorationsandornamentationsabound.,thejeaningofamerica,sectiontwo:globalreading,sectionthree:detailedreading,3.text8-w,sectionone:pre-readingactivities,sectionfour:consolidationactivities,sectionfive:furtherenhancement,thepantshavebecomeatradition,andalongthewayhaveacquiredahistoryoftheirownsomuchsothatthecompanyhasopenedamuseuminsanfrancisco.therewas,forexample,theturn-of-the-centurytrainmanwhoreplacedafaultycouplingwithapairofjeans;thewyomingmanwhousedhisjeansasatowropetohaulhiscaroutofaditch;thecalifornianwhofoundseveralpairsinanabandonedmine,worethem,thendiscoveredtheyweresixty-threeyearsoldandstillasgoodasnewandturnedthemovertothesmithsonianasatributetotheirroughness.andthenthereistheparticularlyterrifyingstoryofthecarelessconstructionworkerwhodangledfifty-twos