基本句型之二主语.doc

基本句型之二主语+系动词+表语1.S(主语)+be+名词，形容词，介词短语词序1 主语2 系动词3 表语即句子的主体用于连接主语和表语表示主语身份、状态以及所处的位置词性* 名词代词Be(is, am, are)* 名词 形容词介词+*名词 (介词短语)主语（主语（ Subject ）：主语是一句话的中心，表示所说的是谁或是什么，其位置一般放在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词、名词化的形容词、动名词、不定式、数词、代词、形式主语it或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。）表语（表语（ Predicative ）：表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后，主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词（短语）或动名词（短语）等来充当。）系动词(1) 状态系动词：只有be一词。如：These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿太小。动词be，若是用于进行时态或者被动语态，则不是系动词，而是助动词。I am playing basketball.He is hit by one brick.(2) 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如：I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。(3) 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。She appeared puzzled. 她显得迷惑不解。(4) 感官系动词：表示“起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。They all look alike to me. 他们的模样我看起来都一样。This food tastes good. 这菜好吃。(5) 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run如：Shes growing fat. 她正在发胖When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到这，脸红了。He went mad. 他疯了。(6) 终止系动词：主要有prove, turn out(结果是，证明是) 等。His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。His advice proved sound. 他的劝告证明是对的。My idea turned out （to be） correct. 我的观点证明是对的。基本句型三：+O（主语+谓语+宾语）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 （及物动词）句意1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。3. Hehas refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。 5. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. He said Good morning. 他说：“早上好！” 一、只接动名词做宾语的词/词组mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, miss, keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, dislike, excuse, imagine, consider, forbid, escape ，admit, advise, allow, put off, give up, be worth, be busy，get down to, devoteto, look forward to, be used to, lead to, succeed in, spend/waste time (in)，have a good/hard time (in) ，have difficulty /trouble (in) ，there is no use(in) 1.would appreciate_back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling-二、只接不定式作宾语的词/词组decide, expect, hope, wish, order, refuse, promise, pretend, agree, seem, attempt, fail, offer, happen, warn, afford，want, desiremake up ones mind to, be determined to ，used to, be about to, be able to, have to ，would like/love to=should like/love to-三、宾语不同、意义不同1) go on to do / go on doing2) stop to do / stop doing3) remember to do / remember doing4) forget to do / forget doing5) mean to do / mean doing6) regret to do / regret doing7) try to do / try doing8) cant help (to) do / cant help doing-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot_. A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it offHe didnt remember_him before. A.having met B.have met C.to meet D.to having met-四、接动名词、不定式意义区别不大begin , start, continue, like, love, hate ，preferI prefer staying home to going out.I prefer to stay home rather than go out.五、宾语不同、语态不同、但意义相同need, require, want, deserveThe room requires to be cleaned. =The room requires cleaning.This sentence needs_. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved-四 +IO +D(主谓间宾直宾)目标：1.了解主谓双宾句型，并能分析句子结构 2.能把双宾结构变成介词加宾语结构Step1 基本结构此句型中，谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，叫间接宾语，另一个是指事物,叫直接宾语。直接宾语与间接宾语合称双宾语。间接宾语常放在直接宾语的前面。例如：（及物）间接宾语,多指人直接宾语，多指事、物1. She2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7.Theboy8.Heboughtcookedpassedbroughtshowedgave sangasked himher husband his son her him him the old man me a dictionary. a delicious meal. a piece of paper. nothing. my pictures. some money. a song.a question.通常间接宾语前面可以用一个介词（to/for等）来连接，这时，直接宾语要放在介词短语之前。例如：上表中的第一和第三个句子可变成：1. She bought a dictionary for him.3. He passed a piece of paper to me. Step 2 适用双宾结构的动词：1. take, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, pass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, write, permit, promise以上动词的直接宾语前常加to. 例如：His friend offered a good job to him.Tom mailed an English CD to his sister.2. do, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing. 以上动词的直接宾语前常加for.例如：The little girl painted a beautiful card for her mother .He always do something for his neighbours.二把下列单词组成句子。注意句子时态。1. me, lend, this book, my friend, last week._.2.Mary,buy,a new bicycle,father,next Christmas_.三翻译下列句子：1.她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。She _ _ an English song2 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。Ill _ you some _ tea. 翻译练习1、约翰先生去年教我们英语；2、奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事；3、这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了；4、我父亲给我买了一辆自行车；5、汤姆给自己做了一只小船；基本句型之五s+v+o+c(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补)本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、副词(仅限少数几个)、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语与宾语补足语在“意义上”是一种主谓关系。如：We elected Li Yang our monitor. 我们选李阳做我们的班长。(Li yang is our monitor)The news made us sad. 这新闻使我伤心。(We were sad)常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make, elect, appoint, nominate (提名), crown, think, consider, leave等。根据宾补的不同可分为以下几种情况：1. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词。如：President appointed John manager of Marketing. 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词。如：The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。常用于此句型的动词有：make, paint, dye, get (ready), cut (short), set (free), keep, drive (mad), find, want, hold (responsible), wish, like, see, imagine, turn, beat (black and blue), boil (hard), suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语。如：I found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式。如：He encouraged her to work harder. 他鼓励他努力工作。 (1).要求用to do作宾补的动词有: advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。He always has others wait for him. 他总是要别人等他。(2).要求用do作宾补的动词有: 使役动词let, make, have等; 感官动词observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等。若变为被动语态, 其后的宾语补足语就成为主语补足语了, 此时作主语补足语的不定式要带to。如：The boss made him work overtime.(主动语态)He was made to work overtime.(被动语态)老板叫他加班。5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+分词。如：Dont leave the water running after you have washed your hands. 洗手之后不要听任水白流。I heard my name called. 我听到有人叫我的名字。现在分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系; 过去分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。6. 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 我觉得与你家人相处令人愉快。 She thinks it no point practicing so much. 她认为练习这么多没有意义。 He believed it unlikely that she would agree. 他相信她不可能同意。 当作宾语的不定式、动名词、宾语从句跟一个补足语时, 要用形式宾语it放在宾语的位置，将真正的宾语放到后面。 用doing作真正的宾语时, 其补足语通常是useless, senseless, no use, good, sense，point等, 表示“无益或没有意义”。 能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider，believe, feel, find, make, think, 等。即时练习：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补”句型翻译下列句子。1. 那噪音快要使我发疯了。1. The noise is driving me crazy. 2. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。2. We must make our school more beautiful. 3. 他请我们参加做游戏。3. He asked us to join in the game. 4. 我要你把真相告诉我。 4. I want you to tell me the truth.5. 明天我要找人来修理机器。5. I will have the machine repaired tomorrow. 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。6. We hear him reading English aloud every morning. 7. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 7. They felt the car moving fast. 8. 我们必须保持身体健康。(in good condition) We must keep our health in good condition. 9. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We wont have her go out at night. 10. 他每个月理一次发。 He has his hair cut once a month. 11. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。11. Ive never seen the word used in this way. 12. 他感到很难跟你交谈。12. He feels it hard to talk with you. 13. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。13. I think i