骨关节影像学诊断基础知识ppt课件.ppt

1,骨关节影像学基础知识,2,骨关节影像学检查方法,3,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,Plainfilm,4,CT,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5,MR,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,6,Angiography,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,7,Plainfilm,Fracture,8,CT,Osteomyelitis,Chondrosarcoma,9,MR,Chondrosarcoma,10,骨关节正常影像学表现,11,Transverseforamen,Intervertebralforamen,Thevertebralarterygoesthroughthesixthtothefirsttransverseforamen;Thereintheseventhtransverseforamenistherootofbrachialplexus.,12,13,14,15,16,17,骨基本病变的种类,1、骨质疏松2、骨质软化3、骨质破坏4、骨质增生硬化5、骨膜增生6、骨与软骨内钙化7、骨质坏死8、矿物质沉积；、骨胳变形；、周围软组织病变。,18,是指一定单位体积内正常钙化的骨组织减少。组织学变化是骨皮质变薄，骨小梁减少，哈氏管扩大。X线表现：骨密度减低，骨皮质变薄，骨小梁减少。常见于老年人，骨结核，类风湿，甲旁亢,骨质疏松,19,骨质疏松,正常,甲旁亢,正常,20,正常,老年性骨质疏松,21,4岁.骨结核,骨质疏松,Normal,Osteoporosisdenotesthatthediseaseischronicandsothatisbenign.,正常,22,骨质疏松,Normal,甲旁亢,Normal,23,甲旁亢,Normal,Osteoporosis,Normal,骨膜下骨吸收,24,骨质疏松,（hypercortisolism）Cushing综合征,25,Normal,骨质疏松,Normal,类风湿,26,Osteoporosis,Normal,老年骨质疏松,Normal,27,骨质软化,1.定义一定单位体积内骨组织有机成分正常，而矿物质含量减少。组织学变化：骨小梁中央部分钙化，外周未钙化2.X线表现骨密度减低（腰椎和骨盆最明显），骨小梁模糊，变形-下肢弯曲、骨盆畸形、假骨折线3.原因骨软化症（成人）佝偻病（生长期）,28,佝偻病,Normal,29,佝偻病,Normal,30,佝偻病,31,佝偻病,Normal,32,佝偻病,骨质软化症,33,Normal,骨质软化症,34,骨质破坏,骨质破坏是局部骨质为病理组织所替代而造成的骨组织消失，可见于炎症，结核，肿瘤，肿瘤样病变，缺血坏死，内分泌疾病等,35,骨质破坏,Normal,骨巨细胞瘤,Normal,36,骨质破坏,Normal,骨转移瘤,Normal,37,骨质破坏,脊椎结核,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,38,骨质破坏,Normal,骨髓炎,Normal,39,甲旁亢,骨质破坏,Normal,Normal,40,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,Bonedestruction,41,Bonedestruction,非骨化性纤维瘤,平片,CT,42,Bonedestruction,Normal,骨肉瘤,Normal,43,Normal,Normal,多发性骨髓瘤,Bonedestruction,44,Normal,Normal,Bonedestruction,骨转移瘤,45,Bonedestruction,骨转移瘤,46,骨质坏死(necrosisofbone),是骨组织局部代谢的停止，坏死的骨质称为死骨（sequestrum)。死骨可见于化脓性骨髓炎、结核、缺血坏死、外伤、恶性骨肿瘤；以前者多见。,47,sequestrum,骨髓炎,Diedofhematosepsis,48,骨髓炎,死骨,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,49,死骨,慢性骨髓炎,50,Normal,Normal,死骨,慢性骨髓炎,51,骨结核,死骨,CT,52,死骨,骨结核,53,死骨,骨脓肿,54,sequestrum,股骨头缺血坏死,55,Normal,舟骨缺血坏死,sequestrum,Normal,56,是指一定单位体积内骨质数量增多，变致密。骨质硬化的原因很多。,骨质硬化,57,Osteosclerosis,骨样骨瘤,Normal,Normal,Normal,Normal,58,Osteosclerosis,骨样骨瘤,59,骨肉瘤骨转移,Osteosclerosis,60,腰椎成骨转移,Osteosclerosis,61,石骨症,Osteosclerosis,“layercake”sign,62,石骨症,Osteosclerosis,63,Osteosclerosis,骨肉瘤,64,慢性骨髓炎,Osteosclerosis,65,慢性骨髓炎,Osteosclerosis,66,甲旁减,Osteosclerosis,67,强直性脊柱炎,Osteosclerosis,68,骨膜反应,69,Periostealreaction,Fracture,70,Periostealreaction,骨髓炎,71,Periostealreaction,疲劳骨折,72,尤文氏肉瘤,Periostealreaction,73,骨肉瘤,Periostealreaction,74,Periostealtriangle,骨肉瘤,75,骨膜三角（Codman三角）,X-rayfilm,MRI-TIWI,Specimen,76,骨膜下血肿,Periostealtriangle,77,静脉曲张,Periostealtriangle,78,梅毒,Periostealreaction,79,骨与软组织内钙化,80,Ossificationinboneandcartilage,软骨肉瘤,81,骨梗死,82,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,骨梗死,83,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,骨梗死,84,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,骨梗死,85,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,软骨瘤,86,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,软骨瘤,87,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,软骨肉瘤,88,Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage,骨软骨瘤,89,矿物质沉积,90,铅中毒,Depositofmineralsalt,91,Depositofmineralsalt,慢性磷中毒,concentriccircles,92,氟骨症,Depositofmineralsalt,93,骨骼变形,94,Metamorphoseofbone,慢性骨髓炎,佝偻病,95,Metamorphoseofbone,96,骨纤维异常增殖症,Metamorphoseofbone,97,骨周围软组织病变,98,Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone,99,Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone,100,Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone,骨化性肌炎,101,Lesionsofsofttiss