现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter12.doc

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter12Chapter 12 English Dictionaries and How to Use Them n 12.1 Introductory Remarksn 12.2 Types of Dictionariesn 12.3 The Choice of a Dictionaryn 12.4 How to Use a Dictionary 12.1 Introductory RemarksA. Lexicology and dictionaries 1. Lexicology is closely related to dictionaries .2. The principles of modern dictionary making and the contents of each entry are based on the findings of lexicology, while the materials provided in dictionaries are widely used by lexicologists in their research .B. Trends of English dictionaries prescriptive and descriptive dictionaries 12.2 Types of DictionariesA. Linguistic and Encyclopedic Dictionariesw Linguistic dictionaries1. Linguistic dictionaries aim at defining words and explaining their usages in the language. 2. They usually cover such areas as spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammatical function, usage and etymology, etc. 3. These dictionaries can be monolingual and bilingual.w Encyclopedic dictionaries1. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into encyclopedia and encyclopedic dictionaries. 2. An encyclopedia is not concerned with language but provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword. 3. The reader cannot find pronunciation or meanings or usages of words.4. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedia.eg. The Encyclopedia Britannica (20 volumes)大英百科全书（20卷）The Encyclopedia Americana (30 volumes)美国百科全书（30卷）Chambers Encyclopedic English Dictionary (1994; 200,000 words)钱伯斯百科词典B. General and special dictionaries w General dictionaries1. A generic dictionary is one which attempts to cover the whole lexicon of the language.2. General dictionaries mainly provide linguistic information of words 3. Dictionaries compiled for general useto look for spelling, meaning, pronunciation, usage, etc. w Special dictionaries1. A special dictionary deals with one sector of the lexicon.2. Special dictionaries usually provide the meanings and contents3. Such special dictionaries meet the multifarious needs of people who learn or use the English language, such as dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms, idioms, slang, dialect ,pronunciation ,usage ,collections ,etymology , proverbs ,quotation , acronyms and abbreviations ,neologisms ,foreign words ,etc. C. Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionariesw Monolingual dictionaries 1. Monolingual dictionaries are few in number and are usually limited to scientific and technical words .2. Monolingual dictionaries are generally compiled by native speakers of either language .w Bilingual dictionaries1. Bilingual dictionaries involve two languages. 2. Words and expressions are defined in another language.D. Synchronic and diachronic dictionaries 共时和历时字典E. Unabridged ,medium sized ,and pocket dictionaries eg. 1)Unabridged Dictionaries（大型词典 150000 words+）2)Desk Dictionaries (50000 + words) Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,朗文当代英语词典 Collins COBUILD English Dictionary, 柯林斯COBUILD英语词典 3)Pocket Dictionaries (50000- words)Oxford Pocket English Chinese牛津袖珍英汉双解词典Collins New English Dictionary柯林斯最新英语词典4)Electronic Dictionaries (E-dictionary)This kind of dictionary, monolingual or bilingual, takes the form of a calculator but works like a computer (文曲星快译通) .F. Ideological dictionaries意识形态的字典G. Monolingual dictionaries for non-native learners 12.3 The Choice of a DictionaryA. Suitability B. ContentsC. AuthorityD. Up-to-date-ness 12.4 How to Use a Dict