[英语学习]Cultural Dynamics.ppt

大学英语跨文化交际,chapter2culturaldynamics,learningobjectives:,chapter2culturaldynamics,1.toidentifythedefinitionsofenculturation,acculturation,separation,segregation,integration,assimilation,marginalizationandcultureshock2.toidentifythe5stagesofcultureshock3.tobeabletodistinguishenculturation,acculturationandassimilation,listentothelead-incasetheladiesroom80/jpk/alk/alt/5.html,1.whatshouldonedobeforeenteringintoanunfamiliarculture?2.howtoadaptyourselfforthenewenvironment?3.isenteringintoanunfamiliarculturestressful?4.whatarethepotentialresultsofenteringintoanewculture?,chapter2culturaldynamics,thedifferencebetweenenculturationandacculturationpredictorsofacculturationmodesofacculturationcultureshocksymptomsofcultureshockaspectsofcultureshockstagesofcultureshockstrategiesformanagingcultureshock,chapter2culturaldynamics,enculturation(濡化)isthesocialization(社会化)processyougothroughtoadapttoyoursociety,whileacculturation（涵化）referstoanindividualslearningandadoptingthenormsandvaluesofthenewhostculture.,thedifferencebetweenenculturationandacculturation,chapter2culturaldynamics,similarityofculturepersonalcharacteristicsandexperiencestheeffectsofmediaandtransportation,2.predictorsofacculturation,chapter2culturaldynamics,3.factorsaffectingacculturation,b.personalcharacteristicsandexperiences,youngerpeopleadaptmoreeasilythanolderones.educationbackgroundalsoplaysapart,andapersonspersonality(suchasrisktakingorbeinggregarious（群居的，合群的）andcuriousornot)candeterminehowreadilytheywilldesiretoblendinwithanewculture.finally,previoustravel,contactwithoverseasfriendsorfamily,andmassmediainfluencealsocomeintoplay.,chapter2culturaldynamics,risktaking,chapter2culturaldynamics,gregarious,chapter2culturaldynamics,curious,chapter2culturaldynamics,travel,chapter2culturaldynamics,4.modesofacculturation,a.separationandsegregationb.integrationc.assimilationd.marginalization(边缘化),separationandsegregationrefertomaintainingonesoriginalcultureandnotparticipatinginthenewculture.,integrationtakesplacewhenindividualsbecomeanintegralpartofthenewculturewhilemaintainingtheirculturalintegrity.,marginalization,ordeculturation,referstolosingonesculturalidentityandnothavinganypsychologicalcontactwiththelargersociety.thepersonhasfeelingsof“notbelonginganywhere”,assimilationisthedegreetowhichanindividualrelinquishesanoriginalcultureforanother.whenindividualsareassimilatedintoamainstreamculture,theylosetheirpreviousculture.,chapter2culturaldynamics,theprocessofacculturation,chapter2culturaldynamics,caseanalysis:doubts,4.cultureshock（文化休克，文化冲击）,whydoeswulianfeeluncomfortableinthenewenvironment?80/jpk/alk/alt/8.html,referstothetraumatic（创伤的，痛苦而难忘的）experiencethatanindividualmayencounterwhenenteringadifferentculture.,cultureshock,chapter2culturaldynamics,5.symptomsofcultureshock,physicalsymptomsb.psychologicalsymptoms,chapter2culturaldynamics,a.physicalsymptoms,physicalsymptomsareover-concernedaboutcleanlinessoffood,bedding,anddishes,extremestressonhealthandsafety;fearorphysicalcontactwithanyoneinthenewcountry;greatconcernoverminorpainsandskineruptions;craving“homecooking”;useofalcoholanddrugs;andadeclineinworkquality.,chapter2culturaldynamics,b.psychologicalsymptoms,psychologicalsymptomsareinsomnia（失眠）,fatigue,isolationandloneliness,disorientation（迷惑）,frustration,criticismofnewcountry,depression,nervousness,self-doubt,irritability（易怒）,anger,andemotionalandintellectualwithdrawal.,chapter2culturaldynamics,homecooking,chapter2culturaldynamics,alcohol,chapter2culturaldynamics,drug,chapter2culturaldynamics,insomnia,chapter2culturaldynamics,fatigue,chapter2culturaldynamics,disorientation,chapter2culturaldynamics,depression,chapter2culturaldynamics,nervousness,chapter2culturaldynamics,2.formsofcultureshock,languageshockroleshocktransitionshockculturalfatigueeducationshockadjustmentstressculturedistance,a.languageshock,languageshockoccurswhenweareunfamiliarwiththehostlanguage.manysociorelationalcueslieinthedomainofhumanlanguage.ifwedonotunderstandthelanguage,welosetheabilitytoadjustourselvestothenewsymbolicenvironment.,b.roleshock,roleshockreferstothefeelingoflossofpersonalstatusinanambiguousnewenvironmentinwhichwemakeeffortstoswitchourroleinordertofitandfunctionwellinthehostculture.,c.transitionshock,transitionshockisusedtodescribethedistressweexperiencewhentryingtocopewiththemultitudeofchangesrequiredbythehostculture.itissimilartothestateoflosingaclosefamilymember,divorce,orgeographicrelocation.,d.culturefatigue,culturefatigueisusedtodescribethephysicalandpsychologicaldiscomfortsexperiencedbysojournerstryingtoadapttoanewculture.,e.educationshock,educationshockisfrequentlyusedtodescribewhathappenstointernationalstudentswhotrytoadaptthemselvestoacademiclife,especiallywhenthelearningsituationisnewanddistressing.,f.adjustmentstress,adjustmentstressisatermusedtoindicatebodilyphysicaltensionthatsignalsapersonsreadinesstofacethechallengesofthenewculturalenvironment.,g.culturedistance,culturedistancereferstothedistancebetweenasojournerscultureandthehostcultureandsignalsthedegreeofalienation,estrangement疏远,andpsychologicaldistressthesojournerfeelsasaresult.,interculturaladaptation,pre-readingtask:consultsomeonefromyourculturewhohasbeenlivinginanothercultureforarelativelylongperiodoftime.askhim/hertotellyouhis/herfeelingsandexperienceswhenhe/shewasinthatculture.,definitionofinterculturaladaptationstagesofinterculturaladaptation,interculturaladaptationrefersbroadlytotheprocessofincreasingourleveloffitnesstomeetthedemandsofanewculturalenvironment.,1.definition,2.stagesofinterculturaladaptation,u-curvepattern,honeymoonperiodcrisisperiodadjustmentperiodbiculturalismperiod,thefirststage(the“honeymoon”stage)thesecondstage(thecrisisordisenchantmentstage)thethirdstage(thereintegrationstage)thefourthstage(thegradualadjustmentstage)thefifthstage(thefulladjustmentstage),stagesofcultureshock,chapter2culturaldynamics,thefirststageofinitialcontact,sometimescalledthe“honeymoon”stageorinitialeuphoria欣快,iswhereeverythingisnewandexciting.,a.thefirststage(the“honeymoon”stage),chapter2culturaldynamics,thesecondstageinvolvesdisintegrationoffamiliarcuesandirritationandhostility（敌意,敌对）withthedifferencesexperiencedinthenewculture.,b.thesecondstage(thecrisisordisenchantmentstage),chapter2culturaldynamics,c.thethirdstage(thereintegrationstage),thethirdstageinvolvesareintegrationofnewcuesandanincreasedabilitytofunctioninthenewculture.inthethirdstage,theadjustmentphase,youbegintoacceptthenewculture.,chapter2culturaldynamics,d.thefourthstage(thegradualadjustmentstage),inthefourthstage,gradualadjustmentcontinuestowardgradualautonomy（自主，独立）andseeing“good”and“bad”elementsinboththehomeandnewcultures.,chapter2culturaldynamics,e.thefifthstage(thefulladjustmentstage),thefinal,fifthstageisdescribedasreciprocal（交互的