淮安中学高三化学二轮复习专题20《非金属单质及其化合物》教案.doc

to clean and repair, it is strictly forbidden to head reaches into the mechanical stroke range. 17th article: in overhead transmission line following work should blackout, cannot blackout Shi, due isolation protection measures, crane shall not in overhead transmission line following work, through overhead transmission line should will lifting arm falls, in overhead line side work Shi, regardless of in any situation Xia, lifting arm, and rope or weights, and overhead transmission line of recently distance should not is less than Xia table provides: transmission line voltage 1000 v following 1-15 kV 20-40 kV 60-110 kV 220,000 v Allow minimum distances with the transmission line (m) vertical 1.5 level 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 18th: lamp voltage may not exceed 36 volts, when working in a damp place or metal containers, lamp voltage may not exceed 12 volts. 19th: pressure vessel should have a safety valve, pressure gauge, and avoid sun exposure, collisions, oxygen cylinders to prevent contaminated oil; of acetylene gas, LPG, must have a safety device to prevent tempering. 20th: x-ray and gamma-ray flaw detector operation area, non-operator, not allowed to enter. Article 21st: corrosion, dust and radioactive and toxic work, protective measures are required, and to carry out regular inspection. Spider-man 22nd section III: Spider-man to regular medical examinations of the medical diagnosis, who suffer from high blood pressure, heart disease, anemia, epilepsy and other discomfort in the Spider-man shall not engage in aerial work. 23rd: Spider-man dressed spirit, banned the wearing of hard bottom and easy slip-on shoe nail. 24th: Spider-man material stack stationary, tools should turn into a tool bag, transfer prohibited throwing of objects. 25th: in case of bad weather (such as wind in the above grade) construction safety, prohibition of the open air, lifting and piling. 26th article: ladder shall not deficiency document, no padded using, ladder cross document spacing to 30 cm suitable, using Shi top to tied prison, bottom should take anti-sliding measures, single ladder and ground angle to 60 degrees suitable, ban II people while in ladder Shang job, as needed received long using, should lashing firm, people Word ladder in end of feet pulled prison, in channel at using ladder, due guardianship or set fence. 27th: no security measures, prohibited in hip joints, supports, trusses of the roof truss cantilever beams, and choose the frame and half fixed widget or job to walk on, Spider-man and the ground . Nine, ten basic security to prevent vehicle damage claim 1, without legal training of qualified certified personnel not familiar with vehicle performance is not driving a car. 2, should insist on doing defense work, vehicle brake, Horn, steering systems, lighting and other safety components such as poor are not allowed out of the car. 3, dump truck, dump truck car hop is strictly prohibited, prohibited goods mixing, loading of vehicles should not overload,stavebn tm vdce mst een. een by mlo zahrnovat analzu rizik, monost nehod charakteristik a nouzovch postup, nouzov zpracovn a obsah opaten. 4, integrovan pohotovostn plny, speciln havarijn plny a mst een by mly bt mezi sebou a s ostatnmi jednotky zapojeny v nouzi, kter jsou vzjemn propojeny. 5, havarijn pln by ml zahrnovat havarijn personl a organizace kontakt, nouzov rezervn seznam a dal informace. Informace by mly bt pravideln aktualizovny a zajist, e informace jsou pesn a platn. tyi, havarijn pln revize 1, Recenze pohotovostn plny pezkoumn formul a prvky pezkumu a opaten pijatch dvma zpsoby. Kdy host slou pedevm pro havarijn plny pro zznam v podob Recenze, prvek hodnocen pro nouzov hodnocen. . Kd pro porn ochranu konstrukce budov a nsk republice ny exploze nebezpen oblasti elektrick bezpenostnch pedpis a pedpis o porn ochranu design rafinaci ropy a chemickch podnik, napklad poadavky na pedpisech a nazench. 2. pi provdn instalace me zpsobit por, exploze, kter sti by mly bt pln nastaven peht, petlaku, micch pstroj, alarm (zvuk a svtla). 3. kde je holav plyn (pra) me unikat , holav plyn koncentrac detekce, alarm by mla bt nastavena. 4. vechny komunikoval s holav, vbun zazen s inertnm plynem, plynov penosov potrub, by mla bt nastavena zabrnit holavch a vbunch ltek do zazen, ale nemla bt samostatn zptn ventil. 5. holav plyn (pra) nastavit plamen svodi odvzduovac vvod, snadno pracovat, kde se zastavit ventily, aby pi vstupn vtrac potrub je v plamenech, peruil por plynu odvzduovac potrub ml bt nainstalovn v nejni hasicho zazen. 6. kdy dopravu holavch materil by mla odpovdat prmru potrub a stedn mrn odpor, sprvn zen prtoku, co nejvce se vyhnout statick elektiny. Antistatick opaten, jako jsou zazen, potrub, by mlo bt v souladu s technickmi pedpisy pro uzemnn design pro chemick podniky pslunch ustanoven. 7. nhl vbun petlaku nebo rychlho rozkladu vrobnch zazen nebo skladovacch zazen by mly bt vybaveny vbuchu (nevbun membrna), vvoz nonel trubice smrem k bezpenosti a aby prevence sekundrnch exploz, protiporn opaten. 8. vrobnthe principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charges and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct Government credit + business credit credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service industries. To create policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problems associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examination and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the .Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central eight rules and opposing the four winds and practicing three Suns, and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology, solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the partys political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the partys political disciplines. Conscientiously abide by the partys political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the partys political discipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction, strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further专题二十 非金属单质及其化合物(两课时)【考试说明】了解常见非金属（如H、C、N、O、S、Si、Cl等）及其化合物的主要性质和重要应用。【复习指导】这部分知识在各地高考题中更多演变为解决基本概念、基本理论、化学实验或化学计算题的基石,几乎出现在所有的高考题型中，如选择题中的离子共存、氧化还原反应等概念，离子反应方程式的书写和判断，药品的保存和仪器的洗涤，填空题的物质推断，实验题，计算题等都是高考的热点。【要点精讲】要点一、非金属元素的原子结构特点及在周期表中的位置： 要点二、同主族同周期元素性质的比较：1、同主族元素原子结构的比较：（相同点和不同点）2、同主族元素非金属性的比较：（从上向下）如：非金属性： 氧化性 ： 还原性： 得电子能力： 失电子能力： 元素的主要化合价：元素最高价氧化物： 最高价氧化物对应的水化物：3、同周期元素非金属性的比较：（从左向右）单质与氢气化合的能力： 气态氢化物的稳定性：气态氢化物的还原性： 最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性：单质的氧化性：对应阴离子的还原能力：要点三、常见非金属单质的结构、性质、制法及其重要化合物的比较：要点四、重要非金属元素及其化合物知识网络（试写出相关主要反应方程式）1 氯气及其化合物相互转化关系2硫及其化合物相互转化关系3氮及其化合物相互转化关系4碳、硅及化合物的联系网络【典例1】(1)现有一瓶饱和氯水倒扣于水槽中，当日光照射到盛有氯水的装置时，可观察到平底烧瓶内有气泡产生，放置一段时间后，溶液颜色变浅，产生上述现象的原因是 (请用相关的反应方程式和简要文字说明)。(2)在氯水中存在多种分子和离子，也可以通过实验的方法加以确定。下列说法错误的是A加入含有NaOH的酚酞试液，红色褪去，说明有H离子存在B加入有色布条后，有色布条褪色，说明有HClO分子存在C氯水呈浅黄绿色，且有刺激性气味，说明有C12分子存在D加入硝酸酸化的AgNO3溶液产生白色沉淀，说明有Cl离子存在变式训练1：浓H2SO4和KClO3反应生成具有爆炸性的黄绿色气体ClO2，反应的方程式如下：KClO3+H2SO4=KHSO4+HClO3， 3HClO3=HClO4+H2O+2ClO2，2ClO2=Cl2+2O2(1)ClO2也能像Cl2一样在强碱(如NaOH)溶液中发生反应，其化学方程式是_ _ _。(2)设计一个实验确定ClO2分解产物中O2与Cl2的体积比为21：_ _。【典例2】不论以何种比例混合，将甲和乙两种混合气体同时通入过量的丙溶液中，一定能产生沉淀的组合是序号甲乙丙CO2SO2石灰水HClCO2石灰水CO2SO2Ba(NO3)2NO2SO2BaCl2CO2NH3CaCl2A B C D变式训练2：在H2S SO2 CO Cl2 HI CO2六种气体中，属于酸酐的是_；能使品红溶液褪色的是_；通入石蕊试液先变红后褪色的是_，只变红不褪色的是_；能使碘化钾淀粉试纸变蓝的是_；能与溴水反应的是_。（填序号）【典例3】有甲、乙两位同学想利用下列装置及化学试剂，对实验室制取并收集氨气的实验进行改进。化学试剂：NH4Cl固体 浓氨水 固体NaOH(1)甲同学想方便快速制取少量氨气，应选择的装置是_ (填序号)。选用试剂是_(填序号)，选用上述试剂制氨气的理由是_。(2)乙同学建议，把教材中实验室制取氨气的收集装置由大试管改为集气瓶且瓶口向上收集氨气，并确保不污染环境，若用这种排气法收集氨气，请在图的方框内画出其气体收集装置和尾气吸收装置，标出所用试剂(自选)名称。【典例4】晶体硅是一种重要的非金属材料，制备纯硅的主要步骤如下：300 高温下用碳还原二氧化硅制得粗硅粗硅与干燥HCl气体反应制得SiHCl3：Si+3HCl SiHCl3+H2SiHCl3与过量H2在10001100反应制得纯硅已知SiHCl3能与H2O强烈反应，在空气中易自燃。请回答下列问题：（1）第步制备粗硅的化学反应方程式为 。（2）粗硅与HCl反应完全后，经冷凝得到的SiHCl3（沸点33.0）中含有少量SiCl4（沸点为57.6） 和HCl（沸点-84.7），提纯SiHCl3采用的方法为 。（3）SiHCl3与过量H2反应制备纯硅的装置如下（热源及夹持装置略去）：装置B中的试剂是 。装置C中的烧瓶需要加热，其目的是 。 反应一段时间后，装置D中观察到的现象是 ，装置D中发生反应的化学方程式为 。 为保证制备纯硅实验的成功，操作的关键是检查实验装置的气密性，控制好反应温度以及 。 为鉴定产品硅中是否含微量铁单质，将试样用稀盐酸溶解，取上层清液后需再加入的试剂（填写字母代号）是 。a.碘水 b.氯水 c.NaOH溶液 d.KSCN溶液 e.Na2SO3溶液【考题在线】1、（09年山东）下列关于氯的说法正确的是ACl2具有很强的氧化性，在化学反应中只能作氧化剂B若35 17Cl、37 17若Cl为不同的核素，有不同的化学性质学科C实验室制备Cl2，可用排放饱和食盐水集气法收集D1.12LCl2含有1.7NA个质子（NA 表示阿伏伽德罗常数）2、（09年江苏）下列所列各组物质中，物质之间通过一步反应就能实现如图所示转化的是abcAAlAlCl3Al（OH）3BHNO3NONO2CSiSiO2H2SiO3DCH2=CH2CH3CH2OHCH3CHO3、（08年江苏）研究反应物的化学计量数与产物之间的关系时，使用类似数轴的方法可以收到的直观形象的效果。下列表达不正确的是A密闭容器中CuO和C高温反应的气体产物：BFe在Cl2中的燃烧产物： CAlCl3溶液中滴加NaOH后铝的存在形式：D氨水与SO2反应后溶液中的铵盐：【教后记】to clean and repair, it is strictly forbidden to head reaches into the mechanical stroke range. 17th article: in overhead transmission line following work should blackout, cannot blackout Shi, due isolation protection measures, crane shall not in overhead transmission line following work, through overhead transmission line should will lifting arm falls, in overhead line side work Shi, regardless of in any situation Xia, lifting arm, and rope or weights, and overhead transmission line of recently distance should not is less than Xia table provides: transmission line voltage 1000 v following 1-15 kV 20-40 kV 60-110 kV 220,000 v Allow minimum distances with the transmission line (m) vertical 1.5 level 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 18th: lamp voltage may not exceed 36 volts, when working in a damp place or metal containers, lamp voltage may not exceed 12 volts. 19th: pressure vessel should have a safety valve, pressure gauge, and avoid sun exposure, collisions, oxygen cylinders to prevent contaminated oil; of acetylene gas, LPG, must have a safety device to prevent tempering. 20th: x-ray and gamma-ray flaw detector operation area, non-operator, not allowed to enter. Article 21st: corrosion, dust and radioactive and toxic work, protective measures are required, and to carry out regular inspection. Spider-man 22nd section III: Spider-man to regular medical examinations of the medical diagnosis, who suffer from high blood pressure, heart disease, anemia, epilepsy and other discomfort in the Spider-man shall not engage in aerial work. 23rd: Spider-man dressed spirit, banned the wearing of hard bottom and easy slip-on shoe nail. 24th: Spider-man material stack stationary, tools should turn into a tool bag, transfer prohibited throwing of objects. 25th: in case of bad weather (such as wind in the above grade) construction safety, prohibition of the open air, lifting and piling. 26th article: ladder shall not deficiency document, no padded using, ladder cross document spacing to 30 cm suitable, using Shi top to tied prison, bottom should take anti-sliding measures, single ladder and ground angle to 60 degrees suitable, ban II people while in ladder Shang job, as needed received long using, should lashing firm, people Word ladder in end of feet pulled prison, in channel at using ladder, due guardianship or set fence. 27th: no security measures, prohibited in hip joints, supports, trusses of the roof truss cantilever beams, and choose the frame and half fixed widget or job to walk on, Spider-man and the ground . Nine, ten basic security to prevent vehicle damage claim 1, without legal training of qualified certified personnel not familiar with vehicle performance is not driving a car. 2, should insist on doing defense work, vehicle brake, Horn, steering systems, lighting and other safety components such as poor are not allowed out of the car. 3, dump truck, dump truck car hop is strictly prohibited, prohibited goods mixing, loading of vehicles should not overload,ch zazen, budov a konstrukc, tanky a jin zsuvky prmyslov vody, krom ustanoven vodu tak, by mlo bt instalovno v oblasti s vodou k utsnn vrtu, uzavrac ventil, aby se zabrnilo velk mnostv holavch a vbunch materil do kanalizace. 9. pouit v holavch, vbunch plyn pojistn ventil a vtrac potrub, je nutn export trubice je umstn mimo a vy ne 2 metry nad budovou. (B) pouvn ohn, ohe (viz systm sprvy prce) (c) porn zazen a organizac 1. realizace prevence prvn a integrovan prevence ohe politiku, pijmout modern technologie poru a vbuchu prevence a pomoci, provdn zen podle cl. 2. zzen veden spolenosti a vedouc jednotlivch oddlen Porn bezpenost vboru, workshop zaloena porn ochrany, vedouc skupiny a nastavit dobrovolnch hasi. 3. spolenost tvaru ochrany spotebitele na pln vazek hasii, hasii formulovat pln protiporn prevence a akn pln, provdn zen podle cl, pravideln proveden publicitu porn prevence a vzdlvn a kolen, v kombinaci s oekvan porn cvien. 4. soubor stacionrn ohn uvnit spolenosti zazen, protiporn zazen mus bt v Sprva slueb, rozvoj provozn postupy a systmy zen. 5. porn zazen na serveru nastavit jasn, pstup k pohodln a bezpen msto, pravideln kontroly drby, ti (to je, pevn, fixn typ a mnostv, podle odbornk), a nem nikdo nenapadal, pachatel dle systmu ke zpracovn. 6. vechny holav a vbun ltky ve spolenosti a potenciln ped porem a vbuchem nebezpen vroby, skladovn, prodej a pouvn procesu a jeho souvisejc vybaven, psn zen. 7. kdy je ohe, pole tby okamit uspodejte do boje s ohnm, a ohledn vroby, plnovn, alarmy a ohn a adresu urit sti ohn a pinastreamlining. Four are standard visits, except as required to participate in training, no other activity. Five is to improve news reporting, for propaganda work strictly according to the regulations. Six is strictly your presentation published strictly according to the regulations. Seven is strictly thrift, required the use of vehicles and office space and corporate hospitality. 3, change the style. Propaganda and ideological work of the new situation and new requirements of the new tasks, had done a lot of fruitful work, has made many achievements, but further closer to the grass roots, close to reality, close to the masses and also inadequate innovation must continue to improve. Second, the four winds some outstanding issues 1, oppose formalism. One theory is that he didnt, with less close contact. Theoretical study of consciousness is not high enough, system performance is not strong enough; more passive learning, active learning few generalities and learn more, delving into less. Especially based on rational thinking on major issues, applying theory to guide the work done is not good enough, not really understand and grasp the spirit and essence of the scientific Outlook on development, did not truly achieve mastery, to apply, to a certain extent, affect the development and implementation of ideas and