高级英语一.doc

高级英语（2）一I. Synonyms A B1. ediversitya.different2. .cpeeveb.bear3. .fnovicec.irritation4. .gpessimisticallyd.feather5,. .isquandere.variety6. .helatef.beginner7. adiscrepantg.depressingly8. .bsustainh.stimulate9. .jtieri.waste10. dplumej.shelf A B1.amorbida.diseased2.jcrucial b.unkind3. frabblec.violent4. .itrashd.dirty5,.binhospitablee.severely6. .edrasticallyf.mob7. .hintegralg.distribute8. .galloth.decisive9. .dsqualidi.rubbish10. .crabidj.essential A B1.bharrya.ripe2. .cextolb.worry3. dinherentlyc.praise4. amatured.innatelyII. Complete the Words 1. lust_ n. violent desire to possess sth. esp. impure desire2. syndicate_ n. business association that supplies articles, cartoons, etc. to periodicals3. usurp_ vt. to seize for oneself (power or position) unlawfully; hold in possession by force or without right 4.resignedlyadv.havingorshowingpatientacceptanceofsomething 5.nostriln.eitherofthetwoexternalopeningsintoanose 6.inhale_v.todrawintothelungs,tobreathein 7.eradicatevt.pullupbytheroots;destroyorputanendto 8.colloquialismn.colloquialwordorexpression 9.curvev.tocausetohavetheformofroundedbend 10.stretchern.alightframecoveredwithcanvas,etc.andusedforcarryingthesick,injured,ordead 11.leerya.watchfulandnottrusting 12.credulityvt.toogreatreadinesstobelievethings 13.partisann.apersonwhotakesthepartoforstronglysupportsoneside,party,orperson 14.maturityn.thestateofbeingfullgrownordeveloped;ripe;withfullydevelopedpower 15.abusevt.tomakeabadorwronguseof 16.consolationn.givingcomfortorsympathyto;comfortduringatimeofsadnessordisappointment 17.controversiala.likelytocauseprolongedargument 18.squabblevi.toengageinapettyornoisyquarrel,toquarrelnoisilyoverasmallmatte 19.mazen.stateofconfusionorbewilderment 20.anguishn.greatsufferingasfromworry,grief,orpain 21.catervt.tosupplyamusement 22.sedationn.theactorprocessofreducingexcitement,nervousness,FFTTFForirritation 23.chronica.lastingforalongtime 24.taboon.generalagreementnottodiscusssth.,dosth. 25.barricadevt.toblockofforcloseoffwithobjects;putupbarriersin 26.euphemismn.theuseofapleasanter,lessdirectnameforsomethingthoughttobeunpleasant 27.alienadj.belongingtoanothercountryorrace,foreign;strange 28.vegetariann.personwho,forhumaneorreligiousreasonsorforhishealthsake,eatsnomeat 29.stereotypen.anunvaryingformorpattern;fixedinformandrepeatedwithoutchange 30.ritualn.alltheritesorformsconnectedwithaceremonyIII. True or False 1. In Lesson One, the author doesnt point out any problem of TV. In her opinion, TV does better in every aspect compared with newspapers. F2. The author of Lesson One criticizes all American newspapers in this text. F3. Newspapers encourage people to hate whatever is different. T 4. As listeners, we should pay as much attention to the sheerly musical plane as the professional musicians. F5. The process of listening to music can be divided on three hypothetical planes: the sensuous plane, the expressive plane and the sheerly musical plane. T6. Human beings are naturally appealed to music. T7. The value of music is equal to its sensuous appeal. F8. Eveline had a comparatively happy childhood. T9. Eveline was treated well by Miss Gavan at the store. F10. Evelines father was a brutal man and often beat his children including his daughter. F11. All Spaniards are interested in bullfight. F12. Successful matadors are ever more idolized than film stars. F13. Partisanship or rabid bias in network newscasts or network commentaries is not as intense as that in newspapers. T14. Eveline was sure of her love of Frank. F15. Old people who are poor have been poor all their lives. F16. Many elderly Americans do not enjoy a satisfying late life because the society itself is too harsh for them to live in. T17. There are many symbolic acts in a bullfight. T18. Both TV and newspapers provide opinions of two sides. F19. People hold different ideas about the expressive plane of listening to music. T20. Eveline gave up the chance to escape with Frank. Part of the reasons was that the unknown future frightened her. T21. Old women fare worse than old men simply because they have a longer life expectancy. F22. Far from being a sport, the bullfight has a religious origin. T23. The authors of Lesson Four agree with neither of the two discrepant views on old age. T24. The quality of late life is determined by a combination of many elements. T25. The mental problems of the old are untreatable. F26. The main duty of the monosabios in the bullring is to help the picadors. TIV. Rhetorical Device1. When Mr. Roper asked his guinea pigs which of these media they would be least inclined to believe, the newspapers topped the list. Metaphor 2. For if you degrade and cheapen the word too long, the people will turn to the picture. Metonymy3. It is easier to let the ads dictate the format than develop a format that elevates news above dogfood. Personification4. Change means trouble, change means work, change means cost. Repetition5. It is a morality play, that isolates, and sets against each otherMetaphor6. Rouse the Rabble by Routing Reason. Alliteration7. Fortunately for the American public, television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact, the kind of partisan virulence and personal peeve. Parallelism8. Is it discharging its duty to diversity by printing snippets of opinion from unqualified readers? Rhetorical question9. The American dream promised older people that if they worked hard enough all their lives, things would turn out well for them. Personification10. They look like figures representing gluttony in a medieval morality play, and you expect ladies in wimples to appear and clowns dressed like monkeys. Simile11. There are also big block letters laid out on sand like formations of gymnasts at a Soviet youth rally. Simile12. It is a morality play, that isolates, and sets against each otherMetaphor13. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? Oxymoron/ Parallelism 14. The man out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses. Onomatopoeia15. For the most part the elderly struggle to exist in an inhospitable world. Understatement16. They look like figures representing gluttony in a medieval morality play, and you expect ladies in wimples to appear and clowns dressed like monkeys. Simile17. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. Metaphor18. Music expresses, at different moments, serenity or exuberance, regret or triumph, fury or delight. Parallelism19. Simple-minded souls will never be satisfied with the answer to the second of these questions. Synecdoche20. It was hard worka hard lifebut now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life.21. What is there for them in the paper, usually the only paper, of their own? Rhetorical question22. One turns on the radio while doing something else and absentmindedly bathes in the sound. Metaphor23. He took her to see The Bohemian Girl and she felt elated as she sat in an unaccustomed part of the theatre with him. Transferred epithet24. But what are an individuals chances for a “good” old age in America, with satisfying final years and a dignified death? Parallelism/ Irony V. Explanation (10 points, 2 points each)1. When a local paper has a monopoly in a region, as most of them do, why is it necessary to aim at the lowest common denominator? 2. For if you degrade and cheapen the word too long, the people will turn to the picture.3. Povertyand old age go hand in hand.4. we have leaped over that long period of time preceding death known as old age.5. even though they were full-time home-makers.6. And though Im as leery of certain polls as anyone, this margin of credulity is too wide to be discounted. 7. Television lives on advertising to an even greater extent than newspaper8. It is easier to print wire services dispatches than have a reporter on the beat.9. We all listen to music according to our separate capacities.10. She liked the nameless multitudes that tramped mud on the cloakroom floors11. There is no need to digress further on the sensuous plane.12. She had hard work to keep the house together13.while old age isa bittersweet coming to terms with ones own personality and ones life. 14. so that you can debunk it to your own satisfactionVI. Reading Comprehension. A Read the following writing and then answer the questions. (1) The famous Dr. Edward Jenner was busy trying to solve the problem of smallpox. After studying case after case, he still found no possible cure. He had reached an impasse in his thinking. At this point, he changed his tactics. Instead of focusing on people who had smallpox, he switched his attention to people who did not have smallpox. It turned out that dairymaids apparently never got the disease. From the discovery that harmless cowpox gave protection against deadly smallpox came vaccination and the end of smallpox as a scourge in the Western world.(2) We often reach an impasse in our thinking. We are looking at a problem and trying to solve it and it seems there is a dead end, an “aporia”( the technical term in logic meaning “no opening”). It is on these occasions that we become tense, we feel pressured, overwhelmed, in a state of stress. We struggle vainly, fighting to solve the problem.(3) Dr. Jenner, however, did something about this situation. He stopped fighting the problem and simply changed his point of view - from patients to dairymaids. Picture the process going something like this: suppose the brain is a computer. This computer has absorbed into its memory bank all your history, your experience, your training, your information received, through life. And it is programmed according to all this data. To change your point of view, you must reprogram your computer, thus freeing yourself to take in new ideas and develop new ways of looking at things. Dr. Jenner, in effect, by reprogramming his computer, erased the old way of looking at his smallpox problem and was free to receive new alternatives.(4) That is all very well, you may say, but how do we actually do that?(5) Doctor and philosopher Edward de Bono has come up with a technique for changing our point of view, and he calls it Lateral Thinking.(6) The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, “when the going gets tough, the tough gets going,” epitomizes this aggressive, combat-ready attitude toward problem-solving. No matter what the problem is, or the techniques available for solving it, the framework produced by our Western way of thinking is right. Dr. de Bono calls this vertical thinking: the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other. The flaw is, of course, that if at any point one of the steps is not reached, or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collapses. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feeling of fight take over.(7) Lateral thinking, Dr. de Bono says, is a new technique of thinking about things - a technique that avoids this fight altogether, and solves the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.(8) In one of Sherlock Holmess cases, his assistant, Dr. Watson, pointed out that a certain dog was of no importance to the case because it did not appear to have done anything. Sherlock Holmes took the opposite point of view and maintained that the fact the dog had done nothing was of the utmost significance, for it should have been expected to do something, and on this basis he solved the case. This, and the Dr. Jenner example, come from Dr. de Bonos book, New Think (Basic Books).(9) Lateral thinking, in short, is most valuable in those problem situations where vertical thinking has been unable to provide a solution. When you reach that impasse, and feel the fight upon you, quickly reprogram your thinking.1. Is there any other way the problem can be expressed?2. What random ideas come to mind when you relax and think about it?3. Can you turn the problem upside down?4. Can you invent another problem to take its place?5. Can you shift the emphasis from one part of the problem to another?(10) “I think the answer lies in that direction,” affirms Dr. Bridger. Take the situation where someone is in a crisis. The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other meaning opportunity. We in the Western world focus only upon the danger aspect of crisis. Crisis in Western civilization has come to mean danger period. And yet the word can also mean opportunity. Let us now suggest to the person in crisis that he cease concentrating so upon the dangers involved and the difficulties, and concentrate instead upon the opportunity - for there is always opportunity in crisis. Looking at a crisis from an opportunity point of view is a lateral thought.(11) “It is about time we stopped fighting in order to find a solution. Let us float along with the problem so that we can look at it from lateral points of view. Then we can be receptive to new ideas, renew and restimulate our senses, find a new way of living.”1. There are 10 incomplete statements, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer. 1) Which title is best for the passage? B A. Impasse in Our ThinkingB. How to Change Your Point of ViewC. Fight for a SolutionD. Western Approach to a Problem2) The person who solved the problem of smallpox is _? C A. Dr. Edward de BonoB. Dr. Edward SmithC. Dr. Edward JennerD. Dr. Edward Walker3) During his research, Dr. Edward _. B A. thought of Lateral Thinking and applied it to the work B. turned his attention oppositelyC. put it aside and picked up another projectD. found vaccination accidentally4) Edward de Bono calls his technique as Lateral Thinking because _.B A. it tells people to raise another problem B. it demands people to solve the same problem from another point of viewC. it needs several people to solve the problem togetherD. it suggests people put the problem aside for a while and then think it over again5) If one solves a problem step by step, he is using _thinking. B A. lateralB. verticalC. horizontalD. negative6) We may draw a conclusion that _.B A. Sherlock Holmes wrote a book named New Think on the basis of his casesB. the dog played an important role in solving the caseC. Sherlock insisted that the dog had done somethingD. the dog was of significance to his owner 7) We can infer from the passage that _. B A. vertical thinking can seldom solve problems B. if one can not solve the problem by the traditional thinking logic, Lateral Thinking will most probably workC. one should use lateral and vertical thinking togetherD. Lateral Thinking can solve all the problems 8) According to the passage, the following statements are correct except _CA. Dr. Edward de Bono published a book named New Think.B. The author suggest the Europeans to view the things in a optimistic way. C. Do not worry about the results.D. Change your way of thinking when you are in a dilemma.9) The passage takes the Chinese word “crisis” as an example to illustrate that _. B A. vertical thinking is of great importance B. Westerners should pay attention to the two aspects of the problem when they try to solve itC. Westerners should seize every opportunity D. we should fight for a solution with great determination10) Which of the following statement is not true? C A. Lateral Thinking focuses on the two sides of the same thing.B. Try to find opportunity when one is in crisis.C. One should concentrate on the dangers involved in a crisis.D. Dangers, difficulties, opportunities, all exist in a crisis.2. Choose the best answer for the underlined part.1) Dr. Jenner, in effect, by reprogramming his computer, erased the old way of looking at his smallpox problem and was free to receive new alternatives. B A. in the endB. in factC. on endD. successfully2) Doctor and philosopher Edward de Bono has come up with a technique for changing our point of view, and he calls it Lateral Thinking. A A. put forwardB. appeared withC. settledD. put up with3) The saying, “when the going gets tough, the tough gets going,” epitomizesthis aggressive, combat-ready attitude toward problem-solving. C A. ready to combatB. like to be toughC. belligerentD. unfriendly4) Lateral thinking is a new technique of thinking about things that avoids this fight altogether, and solves the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion. A A. in another new wayB. in a fashionable wayC. in a surprising wayD. accidentally5) We can be receptive to new ideas, renew and restimulate our senses, find a new way of living. A. We should consider the new ideas a