新编大学英语-3-Unit3-教案.doc

Unit 3 Social ProblemsI. Introduction to the topic1. ask the students to list some words of social problems crimes: robbery, rape, theft, bicycle-stealing, shoplifting, murder, smuggling, drug taking and trafficking, corruption, bribing, juvenile delinquency (少年犯罪), drunken driving, fake products, trafficking (拐卖)of children and women, prostitution, gambling, domestic violence etc.robber robberyrobmurderermurdermurderburglarburglaryburgleshopliftingshopliftthieftheftstealsmugglersmugglingsmugglerbriber/ bribeebriberybribeswindlerswindleswindleother social problems: overpopulation, bad working condition, illiteracy, racial discrimination, high divorce rate, teen-pregnancy, gambling, inflation, food shortage, child abuse (虐待), pollution, traffic jams, extinction of animal species, unemployment, layoffs, housing, homelessness, clean water supply, transportation, poverty, generation gap, beggars (children and adults), widening gap between rich and the poor, graffiti （在公共场所，建筑物的墙上涂画或写字）littering etc.2. social problems in China: public security, impact on traditional moral standards, overpopulation, housing, clean water supply, transportation, littering, theft, robbery, murder, mugging, rape, pollution, smuggling, fake products, trafficking of children and women, bribery, corruption, graffiti, gambling, prostitution, domestic violence, layoffs, bird flue, unification of Chinese mainland and Taiwan, sexual harassment, gas explosion of coal mine, medical bill scandal , AIDS, internet addiction , internet security, soaring medicine price, internet obscenity, internet swindle, child labor, rural/migrant labor etc.3. possible causes: poverty, unemployment: theft, robbery, murder, beggars, etc. high divorce rate: juvenile delinquency lack of communication: mental problems of various kinds, generation gap pollution, littering: worsening environment the problem of old age: 10% of the population are over the age of 60. That may lead to serious consequences. overpopulation: with the ever-increasing burden of the population, the country may suffer from shortages of food, energy and deterioration of the environment. impact on traditional moral standards: Material wealth is value by many as the bottom line. Hence a degradation in ethics. People are more self-centered. Even college students have bad manners. For example, in dining halls students do not wait in lines. On buses the youth dont give their seats to the old. public security: With the development of economy, there has been a flow of population from less wealthy regions to the more prosperous areas. As a result, high crime rate is a problem that we are all concerned about.4. social problems in foreign countries: juvenile delinquency, high divorce rate, unemployment, racial discrimination, drug abuse, generation gap, crime, violence, wars, the gap between the poor and the rich etc. unemployment: High technology does create new jobs. But on the other hand, it has made many manual workers obsolete. In times of economic recession, the problem of unemployment gets even worse. drug abuse: With it are other problems such as crime, prostitution and the spread of AIDS. The fast pace of life and the stress for it may be one of the causes. racial discrimination: Due to racial discrimination and deeply rooted prejudice against minority groups, there is still inequality among races. This may also lead to the instability of a nation, racial conflicts, and even wars. single-parent family: It has been reported that in the U.S., about one marriage in two ends in divorce. And many teenage girls give birth to babies before they get married. Children from single-parent families are more likely to be ill-treated, to take drugs, and commit crimes.5. some key words about social problems:killing: murder谋杀 manslaughter 杀人 massacre 屠杀 homicide 杀人罪 assassination 暗杀;theft 偷窃: robbery抢劫 looting洗劫 pickpocket 扒窃 burglary入室偷窃 fraud 欺诈 cutpurse 小偷、割钱包者 stealing偷盗 swindle欺骗 shop lifting偷窃商店的东西misdeed不端行为: offense犯法 misconduct不端行为 misdemeanor 轻罪，violation 犯法 wrong 做错事 6. causes of crimes: 1) economic: unemployment失业, poverty贫穷, greed 贪婪 jobless失业, lack 缺乏, desire欲望, lay-off暂时失业, failure失败, hunger饥饿, idleness无事可做, scarcity不足, lust贪婪, irrational social distribution 社会分配不公;2) psychological: envy妒嫉，resentfulness厌恶，mistrust不信任，jealousy妒嫉，suspicion怀疑，revenge报仇, possessive-ness占有欲，insecurity不安全，childhood experience童年经历； 3) others: overcome a political / business obstacle 克服政治/生意障碍, competition竞争, opposition 对立, rivalry竞争, 对抗, low quality of education教育素质低, low moral standard 道德败坏7. legal actions: 1) sue 控告，打官司 prosecute 起诉 take to court 起诉，打官司 file suit 控告，打官司 claim damages 要求赔偿 charge 指控 accuse 控告，指控2) try 审判，审问 judge 判决，审判 examine审问， hear听证，审理 find guilty (innocent) of 判定犯罪(无罪)；sentence 判决, 课刑, 宣判; convict 定罪3) imprison 监禁 put in prison 监禁 lockup 监禁deprive of liberty 剥夺自由 jail 监禁 home arrest 软禁 reform 改造8. measures taken: legal education 法制教育 police patrol 警察巡逻 watching-eye-neighborhood 邻里关照reinforcement of police 加强警力 emergency system 报警系统 security devices 保安设备9. Many social problems exist both in China and foreign countries. There are various causes of different social problems. The following are just a few of the possible examples:Poverty, unemployment, etc theft, robbery, murder, beggars, etc.High divorce rate, etc. juvenile delinquency, etc.Lack of communication mental problems of various kinds, generation gap, etc.Pollution, littering worsening environmentII. In-class reading1. pre-reading questions:1) Who asked the question “Is anybody home?”The latchkey children.2) Why are more mothers going to work outside?Increasingly mothers have been taking salaried jobs outside the home partly because of financial need, and partly because of career choices for personal fulfillment.3) How did latchkey children feel?Some children feel hurt and resentful. They feel that their mothers should “be there” for them, but they are now on their own, alone, in quiet, empty rooms. It is a frightening, lonely void for them. However, some other latchkey children said that being on their own for a few hours each day fostered, or stimulated, a sense of independence and responsibility. They felt loved and trusted, and this feeling encouraged them to be self-confident.2. text structureReasons for mothers taking full-time jobs (Para. 1) A. financial needB. career choices for personal fulfillmentConsequences of mothers taking full-time jobs (Para. 2-3) A. late dinnersB. emotional impact on mothers who feel guilty and children who feel hurt and resentfulDifferent reactions from latchkey children (Para. 4-6)A. productive period, sense of independence and responsibility, loved and trustedB. frightening, lonely void, bitterness resentment and anger, abandonedHow to deal with the phenomenon of latchkey children (Para. 7-8)3. word study1) accessibility (adv.) (Line 61, Para. 8)构词: access accessible accessibilityaccess (n.) C a means of entering; way in; entrance 进入，通道U means or right of using, reaching, or entering 使用、进入的方法The only access to their house is along a narrow road.到他们家的唯一通道是一条狭窄的路。学生需要得到图书的方便途径。Students need easy access to books.accessible: that can be gotten or gotten to, into, or at 可得到的，能进去的The island is accessible only by boat. （进入）The problem with some of these drugs is that they are so very accessible. （可得到的）2) advisable (L.50) adj. wise, sensible适当的，明智的，可取的eg. Do you think it advisable to ask her for help?你认为求助于她明智吗?老师认为约翰参军是明智的。The teacher thinks it advisable that John should join the army.advisable(明知的)之后的that从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)3) compel (v.) (Line 53, Para. 7): to push or drive 强迫；迫使They submitted because they were compelled. 他们不得不服从。His cleverness and skill compel our admiration. 他的聪明和技艺博得我们的赞扬。疾病迫使她放弃了学习。Her illness compelled her to give up his studies.4) enable: v. make able to do something 使(某人) 能够作某事。enable由en+able组合而成。en作为前缀时，冠于名词或形容词前构成动词时，表示“使成”。例如：enlarge使变大；enact制度(法律) ；扮演等；冠于名词之前；表示“放进，赋予”，例如：endanger 使陷入危险enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够作某事例如：The coffee enabled me to keep awake during the dull concert. 咖啡使我在沉闷的演奏会中也保持了清醒。enable 加名词，表示“使成为可能；有助于”例如：enable the passage of a bill 使法案得以通过enable sb. to do sth.使某人能做enable sth.使某事成为可能；试题：Electronic computers would _ people who do not share a common language to talk to each other without any difficulty. A. make B. let C. have D. enable答案：D电子计算机将使那些没有共同语言的人毫无困难地相互交谈。5) expense (L.2) n. 花费，费用travelling expenses旅费 /selling expenses销售费用/living expenses生活费/public expense公费/household expense家庭支出作花费，费用解时，常为不可数名词；作具体的“花一笔钱”或“费用，津贴”解时，多为可数名词。at the expense of归付费/负担；以为牺牲at sb.s expense归付费/负担；在使某人受害的情况下spare no expense不惜一切代价 go to the expense of 为的目的花钱付费They spared no expense to make the party a success.他们不惜一切代价使晚会成功。It is reported that the city government completed the program _. A. costly B. at great expenseC. expensivelyD. very dearly答案：B. 据报道市政府以巨大的代价完成了这项计划。6) foster (v.) (Line 31, Para. 5) 1) 培养，促进; 2) 抚养，养育 这对夫妇想收养这个他们一直抚养的黑人孩子。The couple wanted to adopt the black child they had been fostering. 我们希望这些会晤能促进两国的友好关系。We hope these meetings will help foster friendly relations between our two countries.7) invaluable: adj. beyond price 无价的，极宝贵的invaluable由value派生而出。value指“价值”；valuable指“有价值的”。注意：invaluable不是valuable的反义词，而是priceless的同义词1) 注意区分invaluable和pricelessinvaluable意为“珍贵的”，多指质地上是非常宝贵的，也可对实际无法计价的事物进行修饰；be invaluable to例如：Their services were invaluable to me. 他们对我的帮助是无法估量的。priceless意为“极贵重的，无价的”，多指以价钱来衡量的贵重物品或穿戴、用的东西例如：Is this dress priceless? 这件衣服贵重吗?8) isolate: v. place apart; separate from others; keep alone 使孤立；隔绝 isolated adj. 孤立的，被隔离的isolation n. 孤立；隔离；(化学上的) 分解isolationism n. (国际间的) 孤立主义政策isolate. from 从中隔离出来例如：He felt entirely isolated from the world.他觉得自己完全与世隔绝了。9) optimum: adj. optimal最佳的，最适宜的 optimum有时被认为是“最高的，最大的”，应注意避免这类混淆 例如：the optimum speed of a car 指“汽车的最佳速度”，而非top speed (最高速度) optimum population 适度人口 optimum price 最优价格 optimum location 最佳位置 optimum educational opportunity 最佳教育机会 optimum conditions 最佳条件10) priority: n. the thing that you think is the most important and needs attention before anything else优先权；优先考虑的事物 priority由prior派生出来，后者为形容词，指“在前的，比优先的”。作“优先”解时，priority后一般接介词over例如：A patrol car has priority over other traffic.巡逻车比其他车享有优先权。注意：prior后接介词to例如：We receive no notification prior to todays date.我们在今日之前未获通知。11) resentful (adj.) (Line 16, Para. 3): feeling angry and upset about something that seems unfair 充满忿恨的，怨恨的 他对她的干预深感愤恨。 He was deeply resentful at her interference. 她忿恨地看了她丈夫一眼。 She gave her husband a resentful look. 动词：resent对表示忿恨 resent sth./ doing sth./ that 名词：resentment 忿恨 (Line 40, Para. 6)12) secure: adj. safe; without danger or risk 安心的，无忧虑的，安全的 securely adv.安全地，确实地；security n.安全(感) ；平安secure作“安全的”解时，一般后接介词from/against例如：Our house is secure from/against flood.我们的房子没有被洪水淹没的危险。【记忆】se(free from,免于) + cure (care,担心) 免于担心的无忧虑的，放心的安全的，牢固的13) suppress: v. a. put an end to; stop by force 镇压，平定b. prevent from being known or seen 抑制 suppression n. 镇压，平定；(感情的) 抑制suppressive adj. 压抑的；(医学上) 有抑止(咳等) 效果的 suppressor n. 镇压者14) after all : sth. to be taken into consideration 毕竟，究竟 (导出原因；通常置于句首)例如：Its not surprising that youve got stomachache. After all, youve eaten too much.你的胃疼并不令人惊讶，毕竟你实在吃得太多了。注意区分: after all 可作介词，表示“虽然但是仍然”例如：After all his efforts, he failed again this time.虽然他很努力，但他这次仍然失败了。Dont be so disappointed, after all, we have made some progress.别太失望，毕竟我们已经取得了一些进after all可做介词，表示“虽然，但是仍然”After all his efforts, he failed again this time.虽然他很努力，但他这次仍然失败了。试题：I wont invite him. _, I dont really know him. A. At all B. After allC. For all D. In all答案：B. In all 总共。14) Cope with(L.28): 对付，处理，可接名词或动名词。Hell cope with (doing) all the work他将会设法应付所有的工作。15) in case of : in the event that sth. happens 在情况下，(通常用于句首) ，作介词 例如：In case of emergency, look for the red arrow which indicates the nearest exit route.在紧急情况中，请找到指示最近出口的红箭头。In case of emergency, you can ask him for help.紧急情况下，你可以找他寻求帮助。in case: conj&adv.以免，免得；以防万一I keep an umbrella here in case of rain.我带了一把雨伞以防下雨。万一发生火灾，请打119求救。In case of fire, call 119 for help. 注意：与in case区别in case 可作连词，表示“以防，免得”例如：Youd better take an umbrella with you in case it rains.你最好带把伞去，以防下雨。in case又可作副词，表示“以防万一，免得”例如：The dog was tied up, but John carried a stick, just in case.狗虽是拴着的，但为防万一，约翰还是带了根棍子。in any case 无论如何；in no case 在任何情况都不；in the case of 至于，就而言16) in the long run (L.10) :从长远来说eg. In the long run, he is the only hope we have.从长远来说，他是我们唯一的希望。 （比较）in the short run从短期来说17) look (upon) on sb.as think of.as 认为，看做，相当于think sb.as/regard sb.as.例如：Everybody looks upon/on him as a leader. 大家都把他看为领导人。注意：与look on 区别 look on 表示“旁观，在旁边看”例如：Two men were fighting while people just looked on. 两个人在打架，但大家只是袖手旁观。18) work out : devise or plan sth. 详细拟定(计划，方案等) ，周密地想出，(可分开用) 例如：He worked out all the details of the plan. 他详细拟定了那项计划。设计，制定，拟订Ill work out our schedule.我来制定我们的时刻表。 想出 He worked out a good method.他想出了一个好方法。算出，估计出，解（题）看看你是否能解出这个谜。See if you can work this puzzle out.理解，弄懂，看出，说出，判断I cant work out the meaning of this poem.我不理解这首诗的含义。（情况等）发展；进行一切都是按照计划进行的。Everything has worked out according to plan.19) assistance (L.15) : 帮助，援助构词：as(靠近)+sist(stand/sit)+ ant(表示人)anc 意为：站在旁边的人即: 帮助eg. give assistance to sb.He came to my assistance.辨析: assistance help aidassistance 在许多场合下指帮助的一方只是被帮助一方的助手，居次要地位。help 最为常用，可代替assistance, aid aid 含义积极，比较正式，较少用试题：The nurse _ the doctor in the operation room.A. insisted B. assisted C. resisted D. persisted答案注释：A.坚持C. 抵制 D. 坚持不懈20) range fromto(L.19): 涉及从到; 所涉及范围所指的要用介词in。如：The bags range in price from 5 to20 yuan.相当于:The prices of the bag range from 5 to 20.这些包的价格从5元到20元不等。21) interview (L.25): n.&v. 接见，会见，面试，采访e.g. job interview招聘面试give an interview to sb. 接见某人have an interview with sb.会见某人Many universities interview their applicants.许多大学对申请入学的学生要进行面试。（派生）interviewee n.被接见者，被采访者 interviewer n.接见者，面谈者，记者 归纳记忆： interview view看 preview 先看预习 review 再看复习 22) on ones own ( L.26): 独自，靠自己（作状语/表语）eg. Can you finish on your own?你能独自完成吗？He likes to be on his own.他喜欢靠自己生活。23) confident (L.28) : adj. certain, assured自信的，有信心confident of /that 确信，相信self-confident adj. 自信的 He feels confident of victory.他确信能得胜。Confident in对有信心/把握试题：Jimmy was very popular with those who could vote, and he was confidentthat he could win the election.24) conversely: “相反地”，“从另一方面来看”，“反过来说”conversely:此处用来修饰全句，表示转折或对比（此处为段落之间），相当于in/by contrast。 Conversely, many latchkey children expressed much bitterness, resentment, and anger for being made to live in this fashion. (Line 40)与此相反，许多挂钥匙的孩子对于被迫以这种方式生活表现出不快、怨恨以及愤怒。This newspaper story could damage their reputation; conversely, it will give them a lot of free publicity. 报纸上的这篇报道有可能损害他们的声誉，不过从另一方面来看，它将为他们做大量的免费宣传。Running can strengthen your heart and muscles, but conversely, it can also damage your knees and the bones in your feet.跑步能强健心脏和肌肉，但是反过来说，也会损害膝盖和脚骨。25) concern (L.50): a. n.&v. care,worry anxiety 关心，挂念，忧虑This is a nurses concern for a sick man.这是一名护士对病人的关心。There is no cause for concern, he is very healthy.没有理由担心，他很健康。我对此事毫不担心。I feel no concern about/for the matterb. n.& v. matter,interest（利害）关系I have no concern with/in the matter.我与此事毫无关联。不要操心与你无关的事。Dont trouble about things that dont concern you. 派生）concerned adj.前置定语关切的, 担心的, 忧虑的；后置定语有关的，设及的；concernedly adv.担忧的concerning prep. (about) 有关，关于be concerned with sth.：关心，挂念，从事于I wont be concerned with the matter any more.我不再关心这件事。.as/so far asbe concerned:就来说试题：As far as your family is _, you wont have to worry about them.A. regarded B. related C. concernedD. connectedC. concerned就你的家人而言，你不必为他们担心。26) given: 此处为介词，意为“考虑到”，“鉴于” Given the governments record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor. 鉴于政府的失业纪录，他们赢得大选的机会很小。 Given good health, one can achieve anything.假使一个人健康，什么事都能做得到。 given后可跟that从句，that可省略。意为“假设”，“考虑到”，“鉴于” Given (that) there was so little time, I think theyve done a good job. 考虑到时间这么少，我认为他们干得不错。 Given (that) she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 鉴于她对孩子有兴趣，我肯定教学是最适合她的职业。 given 作形容词使用，表示“规定的”，“特定的” The work must be done within the given time. 工作必须在规定时间内完成。 The rules are to be followed in any given situation. 这些规定任何情况下都要遵守。 Under given conditions, bad things can be turned into good things. 在一定的条件下，坏事能够变成好事。 Given the reality of the situation, the question to ask is: how can an optimum plan be worked out to deal effectively with the situation. (Line 55) 考虑到这种现象的现实状况，要提出的应是这样一个问题：如何才能制定一个最佳方案来有效地应对这种局面？27）supreme (adj.) (Line62)：highest in position, esp. of power 最高位的；highest in degree 极度的；至上的 The matter will have to be decided by the Supreme Court.这件事将由最高法院来判决。爱情给他带来无比的勇气。Love brings him the supreme courage.Technology is to the development of the modern soci