医学词汇.doc

一、重点范围1. basic elements of medical words 医学词汇的基本成分1.1 the combining vowel O I Ege/o/grap/y 地质学 metr/o/polis 大都会 orth/o/dox 正统的,传统的 mon/o/ton/ous 单调的,无变化的 anth/o/log/y 选集,诗选,文选 lob/o/tom/y 脑叶切除术 opt/o/metr/ist 验光师 ur/o/log/y 泌尿学 hydr/o/therap/y 水疗法 aur/i/scop/e 耳镜 cent/i/grad/e 摄氏度 corn/i/fac/tion 角质化 mill/i/meter 毫米 pelv/i/meter 骨盆测量器 ventr/i/duct 引向腹侧1.2 oste/o/path 整骨术医士 tonsill/ec/tom/y 扁桃体切除术 dent/i/fric/e 牙粉 megal/o/man/ia 【医】夸大狂 erythr/o/cyt/o/pen/ia 红细胞减少 a/troph/y 萎缩 in/jec/tion 注射 hemat/o/log/ist 血液学家 arthr/o/scler/o/sis 关节硬化 laryng/itis 喉炎 endo/crin/o/log/y 内分泌学 cardi/o/megal/y 心肥大 steth/o/scop/e 听诊器 calc/i/fic/a/tion 钙化作用；骨化作用 an/em/ic 贫血的 therm/al 【医】热的 en/cephal/itis 脑炎 eu/phor/ia 【医】欣快;精神愉快 acr/o/phob/ia 【医】高处恐怖 ger/iact/rics 老年病学 dys/enter/y 痢疾 gastr/o/scop/y 胃镜检查术 ophthalm/o/log/y 眼科学 an/esthes/ia 【医】感觉缺失 albumin/ur/ia 蛋白尿1.3 arthr/o/tome 关节刀 glyc/o/philia 血糖敏感症 pericarditis 心包炎 oste/o/malacia 骨质软化症 hydr/o/cephalic 脑积水的 claustr/o/phobia 对封闭的场所的恐怖症 splen/o/megaly 脾肿大 andr/o/gen 雄激素 sublingual 舌下的,舌下腺的 glaucoma 青光眼 hemat/o/crit 血细胞比容；红细胞压积 electr/o/cardi/o/graph 心电图机；心电图描记器 mastectomy 乳房切除术 esophag/o/gastr/o/scopy 食管胃镜检查2 suffixes 后缀2.1-ia 条件,情况 anemia 贫血 -y 情况,动作,过程 splenomegaly 巨脾症 -e 器械 ophthalmoscope 检眼镜 -itis 炎症 hepatitis 肝炎 -ist 专家,学者 dermatologist 皮肤病专家 -or(er) 工作者 incisor 【医】切牙 -osis 异常或病理情况 sclerosis 【医】硬化（病） -oma 肿胀，肿瘤 sarcoma 肉瘤 -ism 先前的 embolism 栓塞 -(i)um 部分与整体关系,与有关 pericardium 心包 epigastrium 腹上部 -ac 的 cardiac 心脏的 -al 的 bronchial 支气管的 -ar 的 tonsillar 扁桃腺的 -ic 的 hepatic 肝脏的 -eal 的 esophageal 食道的;食管的 -ary 的 ciliary 眼睫毛的 -ous 1的, mucous 黏液的 2含的, fibrous 纤维性的 3分泌的 sebaceous 脂肪的,分泌脂质的 -oid 类似,像 cystoid 囊样的, 似膀胱的 -algia 痛 arthralgia 关节痛 -ectasia or ectasis 扩张,膨胀 nephrectasia 肾扩张 -emia 血的情况 leukemia 白血病 -malacia 软化 osteomalacia 骨质软化症 -meter 测量的器具 thermometer 温度计 -metry 测量 pelvimetry 骨盆测量法 -odynia 痛 cardiodynia 医心痛 -penia 不足,缺乏 leukocytopenia 白细胞减少 -plegia 中风,麻痹,瘫痪 thermoplegia 热射病,中暑 -(o)rrhea 流出,分泌 diarrhea 痢疾; 泻肚子 -(o)rrhagia 大量流出 gastrorhagia 胃出血 -uria 尿的情况 hematuria 血尿 -iatry or -iatrics 愈合,常用于医学分支 podiatry 脚病学 -graphy or -graph or -gram 记录 electrocardiography 心电图描记法 -logy 学习的动作或过程 pharmacology 药理学 -logist 学者和治疗者 urologist 泌尿学家 -lysis 溶解,解体,破坏 hemolysis 溶血 -pathy 病,病理情况 ophthalmopathy 眼病 -pexy 固定,缝合 hepatopexy 肝固定手术 -plasty 外科整形或修补 osteoplasty 骨成形术 -(o)rrhaphy 缝合术 herniorrhaphy 疝缝合术 -scopy 检查,视诊 cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查 -tomy 切开 craniotomy 颅骨切开术 -ectomy 切除 appendectomy 阑尾切除术 -(o)stomy 开口或吻合 gastrostomy 胃造口术 anastomosis 吻合;吻合术 -cyte 细胞 leukocyte 白细胞 -blast 未分化的原始胚细胞 hfmocytoblast -cele 突出 thyrocele 甲状腺肿 -scope 检查的器具 ophthalmoscope 检眼镜 -tome 切割用的器具 arthrotome 关节刀 -centesis 外科穿刺吸液 amniocentesis 羊膜腔穿刺术 -clysis 洗 bronchoclysis 支气管灌洗 -ptosis 下垂,落下 nephroptosis 肾下垂 -(o)rrhexis 破裂,断绝 hepatorrhexis 肝破裂 -sclerosis 硬化 arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 -stasis 停止,制止 bacteriostasis 抑菌作用 -stenosis 狭窄,变窄 arteriostenosis 动脉狭窄2.2 dermatosis 皮肤病 congenital 【医】先天的；生来的 dystrophy 营养不良；营养障碍 adenoid 腺状肿的 encephaloma 医脑瘤 phobia 【医】恐怖症 gastritis 胃炎 iliac 髂的, 髂骨的 therapeutic 治疗的, 治疗学的 aspirator 【医】吸引器；抽吸器 germicide 杀菌物, 杀菌剂 sepsis 败血症；脓毒症 laryngeal 喉头的，喉部 dentist 牙科医生 ocular 【医】接目镜2.31. hemat/o/logist 血液学家 2. men/o/rrhagia 月经过多 3. hepat/o/scopy 肝脏检查 4. erythr/o/cyte红细胞 5. amni/o/rrhexis 羊水破裂 6. laryng/o/centesis喉穿刺术 7. bronch/o/centesis支气管穿刺术 8. splen/glgia 脾疼痛 9. psych/iatry精神病学 10. dermat/o/plasty皮肤成形术植皮术11.derm/o/lysis 溶皮法12.gastr/ectasia 胃胀; 胃扩张 13.nephr/o/gram肾图 14.cardi/o/pathy心脏病 15.hem/o/stasis止血法 16.splen/o/rrhaphy脾修补术 17.cardi/o/ptosis 18.glyc/emia血糖过多 19.laryng/o/plegia喉麻痹 20.hyster/o/pexy子宫固定术 21.gastr/ectomy胃切除术 22.gastr/o/stomy胃造口术 23.gastr/o/tomy胃切开术 24.encephal/o/cele脑膨出 25.neur/o/malacia 神经软化症26.bronch/o/clysis 支气管灌洗术27.gloss/odynia舌痛 28.dermat/o/sclerosis硬皮病 29.thromb/o/cyt/o/penia血小板减少 30.albumin/uria 蛋白尿9. the nervous system 神经系统词汇: agnosia 失认(症) aphasia 失语(症) apraxia 失用(症) apoplexy 中风 hemorrhage出血 thrombosis血栓形成 embolism 栓塞 coma 昏迷 epilepsy 癫痫 hydrocephalus 脑积水 hypertension 高血压 meningitis脑膜炎 multiple sclerosis多发性硬化症 myasthenia gravis重症肌无力 neuritis神经炎 Parkingsons disease 巴金森氏病 poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎 shingles带状疱疹 spina bifida 脊柱裂 spina bifida occulta隐性脊柱裂 syncope 晕厥;昏厥 subdural hematoma硬膜下血肿 thalamic syndrome 丘脑综合征 gliomas神经胶质瘤 meningiomas脑脊膜瘤 petit mal 小发作 grand mal 大发作 cerebrospinal fluid脑脊液9.81.The inability to perfrom certain body movements is known as (c)(a) agnosia 失认;失认症(b) aphasia 失语症 (c) apraxia 失用症(d) apoplexy 中风2. The medical word for stroke is (d)(a) agnosia (b) aphasia (c) apraxia (d) apoplexy 3. A blood clot that leaves its original site and blocks an artery is called (b)(a) hemorrhage 出血(b) embolism 栓塞 (c) thrombosis 血栓形成(d) none of the above 4. An abnormal deeep sleep is called (a)(a) coma 昏迷(b) apoplexy (c) agnosia (d) epilepsy 癫痫5. The more serious form of epileptic seizure is referred to as (b)(a) petit mal 小发作 (b) grand mal 大发作 (c) epileptic coma 癫痫的昏迷(d) comatose mal昏睡的6. The medical word of an excessive amount of cerebrospinal脑脊髓的 fluid in the ventricles室 of the brain is (c)(a) hydrocerebrum (b) hydroencephalus (c) hydrocephalus脑积水(d) hydroventriculus7.A sympathectomy is performed to relieve (d)(a) neuritis神经炎(b) subdural hematoma硬膜下血肿 (c) spina bifida脊柱裂(d) hypertension高血压8. A general feeling of muscular weakness and fatigue resulting from a lack of aceptylcholine乙酰胆碱 (b)(a) meningitis脑膜炎(b) myasthenia gravis重症肌无力(c) multiple sclerosis多发性硬化症(d) neuritis9. A condition in which the myelin coverings of the brain and spinal cord are destroyed and the gray and white matters become hard (c)(a) myasthenia gravis (b) scoliosis脊柱侧凸(c) multiple sclerosis (d) sclerosis10. A viral infection characterized by blisterlike sores on the skin (b)(a) Parkingsons disease (b) shingles带状疱疹(c) neuritis (d) meningiomas 脑脊膜瘤11. A congenital先天的defect缺陷characterized by a protruding sac containing cerebrospinal fluid脑脊液 (a)(a) spina bifida 脊柱裂(b) spina bifida occulta隐性脊柱裂(c) poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎(d) meningiomas12. A blood clot originating in one of the membranes covering the brain (b)(a) thrombosis (b) subdural hematoma硬膜下的血肿 (c) ischemia 缺血(d) embolism13. The medical word indicating the obstruction of a blood vessel (c)(a) hematoma血肿 (b) thrombosis (c) ischemia 缺血(d) syncope 晕厥;昏厥14. Malignant tumors originating from the supportive nerve cells (a)(a) gliomas神经胶质瘤(b) meningiomas脑脊膜瘤 (c) hematomas (d) sarcomas 肉瘤15. The medical word indicating the spread of malignant tumors to other areas of the body (c)(a) ischemia缺血(b) meatus【医】道(c) metastasis转移(d)syncope11.The cardiovascular system; blood and lymph 心血管系统,血液和淋巴词汇: P波(反映心房兴奋的电变化) Q-R-S complex Q-R-S复合波(反映心室去极化时的电变化) t wave t 波(反映心室复极的电变化) 不规则的P波提示SA结的病变,Q-R-S复合波的延长可能是希斯氏束及其分枝的阻断所致.倒置(inverted)t 波提示心肌(myocardium)的损伤.pericarditis 心包炎 coronary thrombosis 冠状动脉血栓形成 coronary occlusion冠状动脉闭塞 myocardial infarction心肌梗死angina pectoris 心绞痛 cardiac arrest 心跳停止 arrhythmia 心律失常 tachycardia心动过速 variation of SA node activity 窦房结活动改变 heart block 心脏传导阻滞 artificial pacemaker 人工心脏起搏器 fibrillation and flutter 纤维性颤动和心房扑动 heart murmur 心脏杂音 rheumatic carditis 风湿性心炎 bacterial endocarditis 细菌性心内膜炎 congenital malformations 先天性畸形 septal cardiac defects 心间隔缺损 teralogy of Fallot 法乐氏四联症 patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale 动脉导管未闭和卵圆孔未闭 hypertension or high blood pressure 高血压 systolic 收缩的 diastolic 舒张的 stenosis 狭窄 arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化 aneurysm 动脉瘤 thrombophlebitis 血栓(thromb)性静脉炎(phlebitis) varicose veins 静脉曲张 venous stasis静脉停滞 anemia 贫血 nutritional deficiency anemias 营养不良性贫血 hereditary anemias遗传性贫血 aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血aplastic发育不全的 pernicious anemia 恶性贫血 iron-deficiency anemia缺铁性贫血 polycythemia 红细胞增多症 erythrocyte红细胞 leukocyte 白细胞 leukemia 白血病 hemophilia血友病 lymphatic disorders淋巴病变 lymphoma淋巴瘤 vasoconstriction 血管收缩11.41.The obstruction of electrical impulse moving from the atria心房 to the ventricles心室is called (a)(a) heart block (b) angina pectoris (c) myocardial infarction (d)cardiac arrest 心跳停止2. Inflamation of the sac surroundings the heart is known as (c)(a) myocarditis心肌炎(b) endocarditis心内膜炎(c) pericarditis心包炎(d)carditis心脏炎3. A type of arrhythmia心律失常(d)(a)AV block (b)cardiac tamponade 心的填塞 (c) infarction梗塞;梗死(d)tachycardia心动过速4. Necrosis坏死of an area of heart tissue due to insufficient功能不全的blood supply (b)(a) coronary thrombosis (b) myocardial infarction心肌梗死(c) embolism栓塞(d)coronary occlusion5. The medical term for high blood pressure (d)(a) atherosclerosis (b)arteriosclerosis (c) stenosis狭窄(d)hypertension 6. The ballooning气囊of a blood vessel (b)(a) thrombophlebitis (b) aneurysm 动脉瘤 (c) atherosclerosis (d) vasoconstriction血管收缩7. Abnormal heart sound resulting from incompetent功能不全的heart valves瓣膜 (b)(a) flutter (b)murmur (c) fibrillation(d)defibrillation去纤颤8. Abnormal condition in which fatty plaques斑块 adhere to the walls of a blood vessel (b)(a) arteriostenosis 动脉狭窄(b) atherosclerosis (c) arteriosclerosis (d)thrombosis 11. The type of anemia brought on by the absence of an intrinsic内在的;本质的 factor necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (a)(a) pernicious anemia 恶性贫血(b) aplastic anemia (c) sickle cell anemia镰刀细胞贫血(d) iron-deficiency anemia缺铁性贫血12. A viral infection characterized by enlarged lymph glands, sore痛throat, fever, and fatigue疲劳(a)(a) infectious mononucleosis感染性单核细胞增多症(b) leukemia (c) polycythemia vera(d) lymphoma 13. Abnormal enlarging and twisting of the leg veins (c)(a) thrombophlebitis (b) atheromas (c) varicose veins 静脉曲张(d) venous stasis静脉停滞14. A type of anemia in which the erythrocyte 红细胞their shape at low oxygen levels (b)(a) aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血(b) sickle cell anemia (c) thalassemia 珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(d) pernicious anemia15. Hereditary bleeding disease affecting only male offspring 后代 (c)(a) Von Whilebrands syndrome (b) erythroblastosis fetalis成红细胞增多病 (c) hemophilia血友病 (d) Hodgkins disease何杰金氏病16. A form of cancer in which there is an uncontrolled increase of white blood cells (c)(a) infectious mononucleosis(b) polycythemia (c) leukemia (d) aplastic anemia12 the respiratory system 呼吸系统词汇: abnormal breathing 异常呼吸 dyspnea 呼吸困难 hypernea 呼吸过度 tachypnea呼吸急促 polypnea 呼吸急促 cheyne-stokes 呼吸暂停(陈-施氏呼吸) disruptions of the acid-base balance of the blood 血液酸碱平衡的失调 respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒 respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒 coughing 咳嗽 pertussis 百日咳 hyaline membrane disease 透明膜病 atelectasis 肺不张 pneumothorax 气胸 diphtheria 白喉 肺炎 pulmonary abscesses 肺脓肿 tuberculosis 结核 asthma 哮喘 pneumoconioses 尘肺 pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿 pleurisy 胸膜炎 laryngeal carcinoma 喉癌 lung cancer 肺癌 pneumo-肺12.51. Labored 吃力的breating (b)(a) hyperpnea呼吸过度 (b)dyspnea呼吸困难 (c) eupnea 呼吸正常(d)hypopnea呼吸过慢过浅2. Hyperpnea followed by apnea (c)(a) tachypnea (b)polypnea (c) cheyne-stokes呼吸暂停(d) hyperventilation 通气过度3. An infectious传染性disease that produces a paroxymal 阵发的 whooping吼声type of cough (b)(a)hemoptysis咯血(b) pertussis 百日咳(c) asphyxia窒息(d) atelectasis4. A respiratory disease affecting the newborn in which the alveoli肺泡are covered with a thick membrane膜 (d)(a) atelectasis (b) pneumothorax (c) lobar pneumonia小叶性肺炎(d)hyaline membrane disease5. Collapse崩溃;萎陷of the lungs (a)(a) atelectasis 肺不张;肺萎陷(b) hyaline membrane disease (c) pneumothorax (d) pneumohydrothorax 肺胸腔积液6.An infectious disease of the lungs in which the bacteria become encapsulated压缩 (c)(a) pneumonia (b)pulmonary abscess 肺脓肿 (c)tuberculosis结核病(d) mycoplasmas支原体7. An example of a pneumoconiosis尘肺 (a)(a) silicosis矽肺(b) secondary tuberculosis (c) mycoplasmas(d) abscesses脓肿8. A condition in which lung tissues swell肿大and lose降低their elasticity弹性 (c) (a) pleurisy胸膜炎(b) anthracosis炭肺(c) emphysema肺气肿(d) acidosis酸中毒9. Inflammation of the serous浆液的membrane covering the lungs and thoracic胸廓的cavity (b)(a) pneumonia (b) pleurisy胸膜炎(c) emphysema (d) pneumoconiosis10. Process of removing fluid from the pleural cavity胸膜腔 (a)(a) aspiration吸引术 (b)percussion叩诊 (c) hydrothorax胸腔积液(d)palpation触诊13. the digestive system 消化系统词汇: dental caries龋齿 cold sore 单纯性疱疹 aphtha口疮 leukoplakia白斑 mumps腮腺炎 gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道 hernia疝 diverticulosis憩室病 peptic ulcer消化性溃疡 gastrointestinal cancer 胃肠癌 liver 肝gallbladder 胆囊 pancreas 胰脏 hepatitis 肝炎 cirrhosis 肝硬化 neoplasms 肝脏肿瘤 gallstones 胆结石 peritoneum 腹膜 ascites 腹水13.41. A virus, herpes疱疹 simplex, 单显性组合 causes a blister水泡 to erupt萌出 on the mucous黏液的 membrane lining of the mouth (b)(a) aphtha (b) cold sore单纯性疱疹(c) leukoplakia (d)mumps 2. Inflamed patches of mucous membrane that can become malignant恶性的 (d)(a) caries (b)aphtha (c) cold sore (d) leukoplakia 3. The invagination套叠;内陷 of one portion 部分of intestine into another (c)(a) volvulus 肠扭转(b) hernia (c) intussusception 肠套叠(d) diverticulosis4. Pouches盒;袋 that form on the intestinal wall (b)(a) volvulus (b) diverticulosis憩室病 (c) intussusception (d) incarcerated hernia 嵌顿性疝5. Blooy stools 凳子;托架;座 (a)(a) melena 黑粪(b) polyp 水螅体动;息肉 (c) ulcer溃疡(d)diverticula 憩室6. A form of liver disease caused by a blood transfusion融合术 with contaminated污染 blood (b)(a) infectious hepatitis (b) serum hepatitis 血清肝炎 (c) cirrhosis (d) jaundice 黄疸7. Scarred瘢痕的 condition of the liver that results in impeded 阻碍circulation of blood (a)(a) cirrhosis (b) infectious hepatitis (c) jaudice (d)bilirubinema 胆红素尿;胆红素血症8. The development of new but abnormal tissue (c)(a) adenoma腺瘤 (b) carcinoma癌 (c) neoplasm 肿瘤(d) sarcoma 肉瘤9. The buildup组合;集结 of excessive fluid in the peritoneal腹膜的cavity (b) (a) aphtha (b) ascites 腹水 (c) cirrhosis (d) diverticulosis 14. the urinary system 泌尿系统词汇: hematuria 血尿 edema 水肿;浮肿 nephromegaly 肾肥大 renal failure 肾功能衰竭 acute glomerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎 pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎 cystitis 膀胱炎 urinary tract stones 尿道结石 urinary tract obstruction 尿路梗阻 neoplasms of thr urinary tract 尿道肿瘤 renal carcinomas 肾癌 urinary bladder carcinomas 膀胱癌14.41. Particles formed like the structure where they have developed (b)(a) clasts (b) casts 管型 (c) hematuria血尿腺瘤 (d) pyuria脓尿2. Accumulation of fluid in tissues (d)(a) adenoma 腺瘤(b) anemia (c) hematuria 腺瘤(d) edema3. Accumulation of nitrogenous氮的 wastes 废物in the blood (a)(a) azotemia 氮质血症(b)hematuria (c) ketonuria 酮尿症 (d) pinocytosis 胞饮作用4. The kidneys become injured and both tubular管状的 necrosis 坏死and anuria无尿 result, however, within a few weeks tubular cells regenerate重生的 and urine excretion排泄；分泌 increases. (b)(a) hemodialysis 血透析(b) acute renal failure (c) chronic renal failure (d) cystitis5. Infection of the capillary clusters 簇of the kidney (c)(a) cystits (b) chronic renal failure (c) acute glomerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎(d) hydronephrosis肾积水6. An inflammation in which the kidney becomes swollen and abscessed 长脓疮的 (c)(a) cystitis (b) hydronephrosis (c) acute pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎(d) hydroureter输尿管积水7. A malignant恶性的tumor that occurs chiefly in children (a)(a) cystitis 膀胱炎(b) papillomas (c) renal carcinoma肾癌(d) bladder carcinoma膀胱癌8. A tumor that branches out into a space or cavity (c)(a) neoplasms瘤(b) carcinomas癌,癌瘤(c) papillomas乳头状瘤;乳头瘤(d) sarcomas肉瘤17. pharmacology 药理学,药物学词汇: tox/o 毒 toxin 毒素 narc/o 麻醉,麻木 narcosis 麻醉 somn/i 睡眠 insomnia 失眠 antidote 解毒剂;解毒药 living organism 活有机体 生物体 brand name 商品名称 generic name 普通名称 side effect 副作用 hypersensitivity 过敏性;高敏感性 idiosyncracy 特异性 additive action 添加作用 synergism 协同作用 cumulation 蓄积作用 tolerance 耐受性 addiction 成瘾 toxicity 毒性 drug preparation药物制剂 solution 溶液 suspenison 悬浮液 tablet 片剂 capsule 胶囊剂 ointment 软膏剂 administration of medication 药物的使用方法 oral 口服法 parenteral 肠胃外用药 subcutaneous 表皮下注射 intramuscular 肌肉注射 intradermal 皮内注射 intravenous静脉注射 topical 局部用药 instillation 滴注法 suppository 栓剂 inhalation 吸入法 penicillin 青霉素 tetracycline四环素 streptomycin链霉素 erythromycin 红霉素 mycin霉菌素17.71. ad lib 随意 2. o.s 左眼 3. c 与 4. p.r.n 需要时,有情况时 5. s 无,没有 6. aq.dest 蒸馏水 7. non rep 不重复 8. q.h. 每小时,按小时 9. ut dict 按指示 10. ac 饭前 p.c. 饭后 11. gt. 滴 12. o.u. 每只眼 13. s.o.s 紧急,(如必要时) 14. q.i.d 一日四次 b.i.d 每日两次 q.d. 每日一次 in d 在一日内 15. agit 摇晃,搅拌ad 加至 至 h.s.hor.som. 睡前二、非重点范围6.body regions,directions,numbers,and colors 身体各区域,方向,数目和颜色6.41. Movement of the legs away from the median plane of th body (c)(a) eversion 外翻(b) adduction 内收作用(c) abduction 外展(d) inversion翻转;内翻2. The raising of the lower jaw to close the mouth (b)(a) extension 牵伸术(b) elevation 上升隆凸(c) depression 忧郁症(d) protraction 拖长,伸长3. The forward movement of the lower jaw (a)(a) protraction (b) adduction (c) extension (d) none of the above4.Movement in which the soles of the feet face one another (d)(a) elevation (b) extension (c) eversion (d) inversion5. The lowering of the shoulders from a rasied or shrugged耸肩 position (a)(a) depression (b) retraction (c) extension (d) abduction6.Movement in which the soles of the feet face outward (c)(a) adduction (b) inversion (c) eversion (d) extension7. Movement of the tongue back into the mouth (b)(a) abduction (b) retraction 收缩;撒回(c) protraction (d) circumduction 环行;环行运动8. Movement of the heel足跟 toward the back of the knee (a)(a) flexion 屈曲;俯屈(b) extension (c) inversion (d) retraction9. A series of movements involving flexion extension and rotation旋转 (c)(a) adduction (b) elevation (c) circumduction (d) eversion10. A straightening movement bringing the hand away from the shoulder (b)(a) flexion (b) extension (c) retraction