二战后主要英国戏剧流派ppt课件.ppt

EnglishLiteratureaftertheSecondWorldWar 第二次世界大战以后重要的英国戏剧流派 TheateroftheAbsurd荒诞派戏剧 TheateroftheAbsurdcameaboutasareactiontoWorldWarII Ittookthebasisofexistentialphilosophyandcombineditwithdramaticelementstocreateastyleoftheatrewhichpresentedaworldwhichcannotbelogicallyexplained lifeisinoneword ABSURD Needlesstosay thisgenreoftheatretookquitesometimetocatchonbecauseitusedtechniquesthatseemedtobeillogicaltothetheatreworld Theplotsoftenstrayedfromthemoretraditionalepisodicstructure andseemtomoveinacircle endingthesamewayitbegan Thescenerywasoftenunrecognizable andtomakemattersworse thedialogueneverseemedtomakeanysense MajorAbsurdistPlaywrights主要荒诞派剧作家SamuelBeckett撒缪尔 贝克特 EugeneLonesco尤金 尤奈斯库 HaroldPinter哈罗德 品特 NobelPrize winnerSamuelBecketthaswidelyinfluencedthecourseof20thcenturyliterature Theimpactofhisplays WaitingforGodot Endgame novels numerousshortstories poemshaveaddedthewordBeckettiantotheliterarydictionary Hisworkdepictstheunrelent ingplightofcontemporaryexist ence livingattheedgeofanabyss inanindifferentuniverse tryingsimplyto goon withdailylifeinthefaceofrecognitionoffutility HisabilitytoshapethismodernexperienceintoarthasledthewayforHaroldPinter EdwardAlbee manyotherwrites WaitingforGodot 等待戈多 Whyarewehere thatisthequestion WearewaitingforGodottocome Onaemptyroad twotrampsarewaitingforthemysteriousGodot Theyquarrel makeup considersuicide trytosleepbutstillGodotdoesn tarrive Withitssublimebalanceofcomedy poignancy vaudeville杂耍 anxiety WaitingforGodotisoneofthemostimportantplaysofthe20thcentury WaitingforGodot 等待戈多 剧照 EugeneIonesco尤金 尤奈斯库 1909 1994 EugeneIonesco smainfocusisonthefutilityofcommunication交流的枉然 sothelanguageofhisplaysoftenreflectsthisbybeingalmostwhollynonsensical胡言乱语 Heapproachestheabsurdityoflifebymakinghischaracterscomical unabletocontroltheirownexistence IonescowasborninRomania butgrewupinParis ThenhereturnedtoRomania attendedtheUniversitythere WhilelearningtospeakEnglish henoticedinhistextbooktheillogicalphrases thesephrasesbecamethedialogueforhisfirstplayTheBaldSoprano秃头歌女 AfterThissuccessfulplay hewentontowriteotherabsurdworkssuchasRhinoceros犀牛 TheChairs椅子 SomePlaysbyIonesco部分剧照与海报 InTheChairs anelderlycouplearetotellanimportantmessagetotheworld theyopenthedoortonumerousinvisibleguests gradual lyfillthestagewithchairs oneforeachsupposedguest Themessageispresentedbyamuteorator whohasbeenmotionlesswhentheoldcouplecommitsuicide plungingthemselvesthroughthewindowsintothewaterbelow Theorator facestherowsofemptychairs attemptingtospeak usingsignlanguage desperatetomakehimselfunderstood thenfromhisthroatcomemoansandgroansandthesortofharshsoundsmadebydeafmutes聋哑人 Rhinoceros犀牛 Berengerisanordinarycityman Heisunmovedbythenewsthatrhinocerosareatlargeonthestreets Thisresultsaquarrelbetweenhim hisfriendJeanandhissecretaryDaisyoutsideashop Theargumentcontinuesandmanylocalsbecomeinvolved Thisresultsinconfusionandchaos InthegovernmentofficewhereBerengerworks herealizesthatthestaffaregraduallybecomingRhinoceros andDaisyandhimselfaretheonlyhumanbeingsleft Thentohissurprise Daisyturnsintoarhinocerosaswell Henowconcludeshewillfightagainstalltherhinoceros HaroldPinter哈罗德 品特 1930 PinteristheleadingEnglishlanguageabsurdistdramatist Inhisplays heneverfindsitnecessarytoexplainwhythingsoccurorwhoanyoneis Besides theinter ruptionofoutsideforcesuponastableenvironmentalsocharacterizeshisearlyplays whichwerethusnamed comediesofmenace UnlikeBeckett sorIonesco sworks however Pinter sdramaticworldseemsatleasttobesomewhatrealistic Hisbest knownplaysincludeTheRoom TheDumbWaiter送菜升降机 Caretaker看房人andTheBirthdayParty生日晚会 Hissparsestyleandgiftforcreatingtensionandhorrorthroughthemosteco nomicofmeanshasmadehimoneofthemostvaluedplaywrightstoday wonhimthe2005NobelPrizeforLiterature SomePlaysbyPinter部分剧作 HaroldPinter哈罗德 品特 1930 TheDumbWaiter送菜升降机 Inaseedybasementbelowacaf twoprofessionalkillersawaitordersfortheirnexttask Preparedandready theydon tknowwhenthecallwillcome orwhotheirnextvictimwillbe Onething sforsure theyaren texpectinganorderforsteakandchips TheDumbWaiteristypicalofPinter searlyplay claustrophobic bare simultaneouslymenacingandamusing Withitsechoesofcurrentworldevents theplayraisesquest ionsaboutpower politics class friendship ultimately betrayal isapartnerplaytoTheCaretaker SomePlaysbyPinter部分剧本与海报 部分剧照 生日晚会 房间 背叛 看房人 AngryYoungMen愤怒的青年 Theterm AngryYoungMen appliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharecertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudestowardsociety Thisphrase originallytakenfromthetitleofLeslieAllenPaul sautobiography AngryYoungMan 1951 becamecurrentwiththecreationofJohnOsborne splayLookBackinAnger 1956 Thewordangryisprobablyin appropriate dissatisfiedisperhapsmoreaccurate Thegroupnotonlyexpresseddiscontentwiththestaid hypocriticalinsti tutionsofEnglishsociety theso calledEstablishment butbetrayeddisillusionmentwithitselfandwithitsownachieve ments Includedamongtheangryyoungmenweretheplay wrightsJohnOsborneandArnoldWesker thenovelistsKingsleyAmis JohnBraine JohnWain AlanSillitoe Inthe1960sthesewritersturnedtomoreindividualizedthemesandwerenolongerconsideredagroup More AngryYoungMen 愤怒的青年 其他人 ArnoldWesker KingsleyAmis JohnBraine JohnOsborne约翰 奥斯本 1929 1994 JohnOsborne themanwhoturnedangerintoartJohnOsbornechangedthefaceofBritishTheatre Hisplay LookBackinAnger wastheturningpointinpostwarBritishtheatre Hewasan angryyoungman whospenthishappiestyearsinShropshire JohnOsborne约翰 奥斯本 1929 1994 Britishplaywright filmProducerwhoseLookBackinAnger 1956 usheredinanewmovementinBritishdrama madehimknownasthefirstofthe AngryYoungMen Thesonofacommercialartistandabarmaid Osborneusedinsurancemoneyfromhisfather sdeathin1941foraboarding schooleducationatBelmontCollege Devon LookBackinAnger 愤怒的回顾 ItsImportance重要性 ThefirstproductionofJohnOsborne sLookBackinAngerin1956provokedamajorcontroversy Therewerethose liketheleadingcriticKennethTynan whosawitasthefirsttotallyoriginalplayofanewgeneration TherewereotherswhohatedbothitandtheworldthatOsbornewasshowingthem Buteventhesecriticsagreedthattheplay writteninjustonemonth markedanewvoiceontheBritishstage LookBackinAnger thestory Thethree actplaytakesplaceinaone bedroomflatintheMidlands JimmyPorter lowermiddle class university educated liveswithhiswifeAlison thedaughterofaretiredColonelintheBritishArmyinIndia