高一英语直接引语和间接引语.ppt

directspeech 直接引语和间接引语 indirectspeech 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式 一是原封不动地引用原话 把它放在括号内 这叫直接引语 directspeech 一是用自己的话加以转述 这叫间接引语 indirectspeech 直接引语与间接引语 由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四个变化 时态变化人称变化状语变化 时间状语和地点状语 句型变化 陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句和祈使句 由直接引语变为间接引语须遵循 一去引号 二加引导词及调语序 三变化人称及时态等 的步骤 1时态变化 由直接引语变为间接引语是不是必须得变时态 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去完成进行时 过去完成时 直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况 当主句谓语动词是一般现在时 现在完成时 一般将来时态时 当直接引语是客观真理时 当直接引语中有具体的过去某年 某月 某日作状语时 当直接引语是过去完成时态时 当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时 当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时 shesays missliuisgoodatenglish shesaysmissliuisgoodatenglish hesaid theearthgoesaroundthesun hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun mr wangsaid iwasborninchinainseptember 1972 mr wangsaidhewasborninchinainseptember 1972 shesaid theyhadleftwheniarrivedthere shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere hesaid wherethereisawill thereisaway 有志者 事竟成 hesaidthatwherethereisawill thereisaway hesaid theplanetakesoffat6 30am hesaidthattheplanetakesoffat6 30am goodluck 注意 主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时 从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成时 iwasdrivingcarefullywhenmycarhitthetree hetoldthepolice hetoldthepolicethathehadbeendrivingcarefullywhenhiscarhitthetree hetoldthepolice 人称变化 不需要强记 根据句子意思所指来判断 hesaid ilikeitverymuch hesaidthathelikeditverymuch hesaidtome i veleftmybookinyourroom hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom 状语变化 shesaidtome ilivedtherefiveyearsago shetoldmeshehadlivedtherefiveyearsbefore shesaidtome iwillseehernextweek shetoldmeshewouldseeherthenextweek 句型变化 直接引语为陈述句时变间接引语的句型变化 直接引语若为陈述句 变为间接引语时 间接引语往往变成由从属连词that 在口语中可省略 引导的宾语从句 引述动词常用say tell等 从句中的人称 时态 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语等都要作相应的变化 i mtired hesaid hesaid that hewastried jimsaid i vereadtony sbookandididn tunderstandit jimsaid that hehadreadtony sbookandhedidn tunderstandit 直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化 直接引语为疑问句时 变为间接引语时除注意在人称 时态和状语等方面相应变化外 还应注意 间接引语应改为陈述语序 特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留 一般疑问句 选择疑问句和反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词whether 或if istheresomethingwrong madam askedthepoliceman thepolicemanaskedthewomanwhether iftherewassomethingwrong sheasked whatitis what sgoingtohappennow sheaskedwhatitwasandwhatwasgoingtohappenthen it smary isn tit askedjane janeaskedwhetheritwasmary isitmaryorlucy askedjane janeaskedwhetheritwasmaryorlucy 注意whether可与ornot连用 表示一种选择 而if则不可 hewantstoknowwhetherornotwewenttodinner 当疑问词作主语时 间接引语的语序不变 what sthematterwithyou saidthedocotor thedocotoraskedwhat sthematterwithme michaelphelps ihavealongbodyandlongarms agiftandloveforswimming phelpssaidhehadalongbodyandlongarms andagiftandloveforswimming istartedswimmingatanyoungageinordertotreatmyadhddisease phelpssaidhehadstartedswimmingatanyoungageinordertotreathisadhddisease ireceivea5 hourtrainingeveryday phelpssaidhereceiveda5 hourtrainingeveryday ialwaysdesiretobethewinner towingoldmedalsandtobreakworldrecords phelpssaidhealwaysdesiredtobethewinner towingoldmedalsandtobreakworldrecords oneofmyfavoritethingsistocompetewiththebestswimmersintheworld phelpssaidoneofhisfavoritethingswastocompetewiththebestswimmersintheworld ihavemanygoals andallofthemarehigh phelpssaidhehadmanygoals andallofthemwerehigh iwillalwaystrymybesttobephelpsno 1 phelpssaidhewouldalwaystryhisbesttobephelpsno 1 mybrothersaidtome i mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek mybrothertoldmehewasgoingtohaveaholidaythenextweek mothersaidtome whatareyoudoingintheroom motheraskedmewhatiwasdoingintheroom heasked caniborrowyourbike heaskedwhether ifhecouldborrowmybike tomsaidtome doyoulikefootball tomaskedmewhether ifilikedfootball hesaid thesebooksaremine hesaidthatthosebookswerehis shesaid iwentthereyesterday shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore i llfinishmyworktomorrow shesaid shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday willyougoabroadorstayinbeijing heaskedme heaskedmewhether ifiwouldgoabroadorstayinbeijing heaskedher youhavepassedtheeaxm haven tyou heaskedherwhether ifshehadpassedtheexam 1 ilikereadingadventurestories saidjohn johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories 2 idon tlikecomputers sarahsaidtoherfriend sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn tlikecomputers exercise 3 ann haveyouseenmybluenotebook peterasked peteraskedannifshehadseenhisbluenotebook 4 howcanyoudothat marysaidtoann maryaskedannhowshecoulddothat 5 whatdifferencedoesitmake peteraskedjim peteraskedjimwhatdifferenceitmade 1 jacksaidtome youlookworriedtoday jacktoldmethat worried a helooks todayb youlook todayc welooked thatdayd ilooked thatday exerciseii 2 wesaidtoher they rewalkingthroughthestreetnow wetoldherthat throughthestreet a wewerewalking thenb youarewalking nowc theywerewalking thend theywalking now 3 mrblacksaid ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek mrblacksaidthat alongway a ihadwalked lastweekb hehadwalked thatweekc iwalked lastweekd hehaswalked thisweek 4 themanthought ishalltakeitbacktomorrow themanthoughtthat takeitback a ishall tomorrowb ishall thenextdayc heshould tomorrowd hewould thenextday 5 theysaidtous areyouafraidtoleavethishouse theyaskedus afraidtoleave house a thatwerewe thisb thatwewere thatc ifwerewe thisd ifwewere that 6 janesaid whatdidhehearaboutaweekago janeasked about a thatheheard aweekagob whathehadheard theweekbeforec whathehadherd aweekagod ifheheard theweekago 7 sheasked whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime sheaskedwhosehouse breakinto a willhe nexttimeb wouldhe thenexttimec hewould thenexttimed hewill nexttime 8 jacksaidtoher wheredoyouspendyourholidays jackaskedherwhere holidays a shespentherb youspendyourc shespendherd youspentyour 9 blackaskedme whyhaven tyoulefthereyet blackaskedmewhy yet a ihadn tleftthereb ihaven tleftherec hadn tileftthered haven tilefthere 10 theteacheraskedher doesthesunriseintheeast theteacheraskedher thesun intheeast a if riseb if risesc whether rosed whetherdid rise 把下列句子变为直接引语或间接引语 idon twanttogotherewithalice saidtom 2 isyourfatherkindtoyou sheoftenasksme sheoftenasksmewhether ifmyfatheriskindtome tomsaidthathedidn twanttogotherewithalice 3 motheraskedmewhatiwasgoingtobewhenigrewup 4 ihavetostudyhardtomakeprogress thegirlsaidtoherfriend whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup motheraskedme thegirltoldherfriendthatshehadtostudyhardtomakeprogress 5 whenwillyougobacktowork mr smithasked mr smithaskedmewheniwouldgobacktowork 完成下列句子 将直接引语转换为间接引语 每空一词 1 itisreallycold butitissonicetobeoutonthelake shesaidtome she methatit reallycold butit sonicetobeoutonthelake told was was 2 didyouaskyourbossforapayincrease sheaskedtheman sheaskedtheman he bossforapayincrease if had asked his 3 theteacheraskedthegirl whyareyoucryinghere theteacheraskedthegirl crying 4 whenwilltheplanetakeoff iwondered iwondered whyshewas there whentheplanewouldtake off 5 haveyouseenourplaneyourself heaskedtheboy heaskedtheboy plane whetherhehad seentheirhimself that引导的宾语从句janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling whether if引导的宾语从句johnaskedmaryifthatwasherumbrella wh 词引导的宾语从句johnaskedmarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook 由直接引语转变为间接引语 有时会引时态的变化 注意以下几个方面 从句动词时态不变sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw 一般现在时 iknowit hesaid 一般过去时hesaidthatheknewit 现在进行时 i mmakingcoffeeforyouall shesaid 过去进行时shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall 现在完成时 ihaveseenherbefore saidhe 过去完成时hesaidhehadseenherbefore 现在完成进行时hesaid ihavebeendoingitforhours 过去完成进行时hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours 过去进行时 iwaswaitingforjim shesaid 过去完成进行时shesaidshehadbeenwaitingforjim 过去完成时 doyouknowrickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied jackasked 过去完成时jackaskedifiknewrickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied 一般将来时hesaid weshallstarttomorrow 过去将来时hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday 2 经常的习惯 hesaidtothedoctor ismoketwopackseveryday hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday 4 部分情态动词 如must oughtto usedto hadbetter等 shesaidtome youmusthurryup shesaidthatimusthurryup 由直接引语转变为间接引语 下列代词 形容词 副词 动词等可能要变化 that thisthose thesethenbeforethatday today yesterday the nextday intwodays timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome gobring taketh