英语语法专题讲座虚拟语气专题培训PPT.ppt

虚拟语气 thesubjunctivemood 一 什么是虚拟语气 语气是动词的一种形式 用来表示讲对某件事情的看法或态度 英语中有三种语气 语气 陈述语气 indicativemood 祈使语气 imperativemood 虚拟语气 subjunctivemood 1 2 陈述语气一般用来讲述事实或提出疑问 常常用于陈述句 疑问句和感叹句 itookashoweraftersupper whatdoesthissentencetrytotellus 祈使语气主要用于祈使句 由说话者向对方下达命令 提出要求 劝告等 tryyourbestnexttime letthegirlstayawayfromthefire 3 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 用于表示说话人所说的话不是事实 而是想像 假设建议 打算 愿望等 ifwehadmetherlastnight wewouldhavetoldherwhathadhappened ifiwereyou iwouldleavethecityquickly 虚拟语气最常见的表达形式就是采用 if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 主句以及从句明显同过去 现在或将来已经发生的事或将要发生的事实相反 2019 12 20 条件句表示主句的条件 分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种 a 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的 采用陈述语气 b 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的 采用虚拟语气 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气 假设的情况可能发生 其中if是如果的意思 句型 条件从句主句一般现在时shall will 动词原形ifhecomes hewillbringhisviolin 注意 在真实条件句中 主句不能用begoingto表示将来 该用shall will 错 ifyouleavenow youarenevergoingtoregretit 对 ifyouleavenow youwillneverregretit 文库专用 7 典型例题 thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit a willrainb rainsc rainedd israined 答案b 真实条件句主句为将来时 从句用一般现在时 if引导的虚拟条件句 虚拟语气在 非真实 条件句中的用法 1 表示跟现在事实相反 ifmybrotherwerehere everythingwouldbeallright 要是我哥哥在这儿 一切都没有问题了 ifhehadtime hewould could might gowithyou 如果他有时间 他就会 可能 和你去 ifiwereyou ishould would could might tellhimthetruth 要是我是你 我就会对他说实话 从句 动词过去式 did were 主句 would could might should 动词原形 do 注 should只用于主句的主语是第一人称时 文库专用 10 注意 在虚拟语气的从句中 动词 be 的过去时态一律用 were 不用was 即在从句中be用were代替 ifiwereyou iwouldgotolookforhim 如果我是你 就会去找他 ifhewerehere everythingwouldbeallright 如果他在这儿 一切都会好的 2 与过去事实相反 从句 过去完成时 haddone 主句 would could might should havedone注 should只用于主句的主语是第一人称时 如果你仔细一点 这个错误是可以避免的 ifyouhadbeenmorecareful themistakemighthavebeenavoided 昨晚如果有时间 我就会来看你的 ifihadhadtimelastnight ishould wouldhavecometoseeyou 假如我的表不停 我就会准时的 ifmywatchhadnotstopped ishouldhavebeenontime 3 与将来事实相反 从句 三种情况都可以 动词过去式 weretodo shoulddo主句 would could might should do注 should只用于主句的主语是第一人称时 假如他来了 我们对他说什么呢 ifheweretocome whatshouldwesaytohim 假如他看见我 就会认识我 ifheshouldseeme hewouldknowme 假如我们爬上山顶 我们能有一个好的视野吗 ifweclimbedtothetopofthemountain shouldwegetagoodview a ifthey be here they take youradvice b iftheworldwar burst outagain what happen toourpeopleonearth were wouldtake burst wouldhappen practice1 fillintheblanks c ifthepoliceman benot inthatroom it be verydangerous d ifi be inyourposition i ask forteacher shelp werenot couldbe were wouldask a iftom be morecarefulintheexam he pass italready b ifyou get upearlier you catch thefirsttrain hadbeen wouldhavepassed hadgot wouldhavecaught practice2 fillintheblanks c ifi meet youyesterday we go totheconcerttogether hadmet wouldhavegone a ifthere be nonaturalresourceanymore we make useofnuclearpower b what happen ifyou getup toolatetomorrow shouldbe shouldmake wouldhappen shouldgetup practice3 fillintheblanks c ifrobots control theworldsomeday there be nofriendship weretocontrol wouldbe 文库专用 16 4 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were should 或had 可将if省略 再把were should或had移到从句句首 实行倒装 文库专用 17 weretheyherenow theycouldhelpus iftheywereherenow theycouldhelpus hadyoucomeearlier youwouldhavemethim ifyouhadcomeearlier youwouldhavemethim shoulditrain thecropswouldbesaved wereittorain thecropswouldbesaved ifitshouldrain thecropswouldbesaved ifitweretorain thecropswouldbesaved 文库专用 18 典型例题 todothework ishoulddoitsomeotherday a ifwereib iwerec wereid wasi 答案c 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were should had这三个词 通常将if省略 主语提前 变成were should had 主语的形式 但要注意 在虚拟条件状语从句中 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式 如我们可说wereinottodo 而不能说weren titodo formyillness iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand a notbeingb haditnotbeenc withoutbeingd nothavingbeen b 表示 要不是 had提前 倒装 1 hecome theproblemwouldbesettled awould bshould cshall dif 2 fired yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswouldnotbeimmediatelycutoff awouldyoube bshouldyoube ccouldyoube dmightyoube exercises 文库专用 21 5 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间 这时主 从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同 这叫做混合条件句 ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday youwouldknowwhattodonow 从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实相反 ifithadrainedlastnight 过去 itwouldbeverycoldtoday 现在 ifyouhadlistenedtotheteachercarefullyinclass youwouldknowwhattodonow 过去现在 ifiwereyou iwouldn thavemissedthefilmlastnight 现在过去 iftheyhadlefthomeintheearlymorning theywouldarriveinhalfanhour 过去将来 ifmaryshouldarrivetoday shemusthavestartedthreedaysago 将来过去 practice ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday youwouldbetirednow 1 iftheflowerhadbeenwatered it now a wouldn tdieb isdeadc hadbeendeadd willnotdie2 ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday he tvnow a wouldwatchb wouldhavewatchedc wouldbewatchingd iswatching 混合虚拟语气 汉译英 1 如果他早点出发 他现在已到家了 ifhehadsetoutearlier hewouldbehomenow 2 假如我当初努力学习 我现在就上大学了 ifihadworkedhard iwouldbeinuniversitynow 3 假如你接受了我的意见 你现在就会好的多 youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtaken followedmyadvice 条件句中的虚拟语气 haddone would could should might havedone 过去时 be动词一律 were would could should might v 原 1 过去时 were2 shoulddo3 weretodo would could should might v 原 1 2010高考英语陕西卷 ifwe theotherroad wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting a takeb hadtakenc tookd havetaken 高考链接 答案 b 解析 做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语 根据主句的谓语动词形式mighthavearrived可知题干是与过去事实相反 故所填部分用had 过去分词形 2 2010高考英语天津卷 johnwenttothehospitalalone ifhemeaboutit iwouldhavegonewithhim a shouldtellb tellsc toldd hadtold 答案 d句意为 约翰自己去医院了 如果他告诉我这件事情 我就会和他一起去去医院 根据句意可知主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达 采用虚拟语气 所以从句采用havedone的结构 故选d 3 2010高考英语湖南卷 ifhemyadvice hewouldn thavelosthisjob a followedb shouldfollowc hadfollowedd wouldfollow 答案 c 解析 考查虚拟语气 根据 wouldn thavelost 可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟 故选c项 4 2010高考英语北京卷 theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry yes ifithadrainedevenadrop thingswouldbemuchbetternow andmyvegetables a wouldn tdieb didn tdiec hadn tdiedd wouldn thavedied 答案 d句意为 天气是又热又干燥 是的 如果下雨就算是一滴的话 现在也许就会好很多 我的蔬菜也就不会干死了 由句意可知此处是一种虚拟 表示与过去事实相反的假设 故主句用would could might should havedone 5 2010高考英语浙江卷 hadiknownaboutthiscomputerprogram ahugeamountoftimeandenergy a wouldhavebeensavedb hadbeensavedc willbesavedd wassaved 答案 a根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气 原形是 ifihadknownaboutthiscomputerprogram ahugeamountoftimeandenergy 故选择a 句意为 如果我早知道这个电脑程序 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 1 条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 叫做错综条件虚拟语气 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定 ifyou theteacher sadvice you be inthehospitalnow hadfollowed wouldn tbe 2 倒装 条件从句中有should were had三个助动词可以把if省略 并将这三个词提至句首 ifiwereyou iwouldnotdoit ifiweretomeethimtomorrow ishouldaskhimaboutit ifihadtime iwouldgo wereiyou wereitomeethimtomorrow haditime 6 含蓄条件句 在虚拟语气中 有的句子可能没有明显的由 if 引导的条件从句 但是句子中隐含着一个条件 这种句子称为含蓄条件句 通常有以下两种来表达 1 介词或介词短语 常见的可以引导虚拟语气的介词有 with without intheabsenceofunder butfor forthefearof 等 intheabsenceofsunlight therewouldbenomoonlight underabettercondition wewouldhavedonemuchbetter 含蓄条件句有时不用if引导条件从句 而用介词短语 without otherwise butfor 例如 withoutair therewouldbenowindorclouds 没有空气就不会有风 也不会有云 inthatcase wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter 如果那样的话 我们本可能把工作做得更好些的 butforthestorm weshouldhavearrivedearlier 要是没有碰上暴雨 我们还会早一点到的 2 连接词 常见的用来连接虚拟语气的连接词有 and but butthat or otherwise等 tellmethetruth andyouwouldn thavetofear butthatisawitwithmyeyes icouldnothavebelievedit ilostyouraddress otherwisei youlongbefore a hadvisitedb havevisitedc wouldhavevisitedd shouldvisit practice 含蓄条件句 1 withoutelectricity humanlife quitedifferenttoday a isb willbec wouldhavebeend wouldbe2 yesterdayjanewalkedawayfromthediscussion otherwise she somethingshewouldregretlater a hadsaidb saidc mightsayd mighthavesaid withoutelectricity iftherewerenoelectricity 1 hadyoulistenedtothedoctor you allrightnow a areb werec wouldbed wouldhavebeen2 anychangeaboutthedate pleasetellmeimmediately a willtherebeb shouldtherebec therewillbed thereshouldbe practise 3 ifyou tomorrow you findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice a shouldcome wouldb wouldcome wouldc willcome shouldd comes might a 4 iftheparents atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident thechildwouldhavebeensaved a arrivesb arrivec hadarrivedd hasarrived c 5 ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother a hascomeb didcomec camed hadcome d 6 ifmylawyer herelastsunday he mefromgoing a hadbeen wouldhavepreventedb hadbeen wouldpreventc were wouldpreventd were wouldhaveprevented a 7 ifhe he thatfood luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately a waswarned wouldnothavetakenb hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenc wouldbewarned hadnottakend wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken b 8 ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance i himattheairport a wouldmeetb wouldhadmeetc wouldhavemetd wouldhavemeet c 9 iftherewerenorsubjunctivemood english mucheasier a willbeb wouldhavebeenc couldhavebeend wouldbe d 10 theexam hewouldhaveattendacollege a ifhepassedb hadhepassedc werehepassedd ifheshouldpass b 11 fiveminutesearlier youcouldhaveseenthemoff a ifyoushouldarriveb ifyouarrivec hadyouarrivedd shouldyouarrive c 12 itraintomorrow weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittothesciencemuseum a wereb shouldc wouldd will b 13 today hewouldgettherebyfriday a wouldheleaveb washeleavingc werehetoleaved ifheleave14 shoulditrain thecrops a wouldbesavedb wouldhavebeensavedc willbesavedd hadbeensaved 15 you comeearlier thebusleftamomentago a wouldb shouldhavec mayd have16 whatshouldwedoifit tomorrow a shouldsnowb wouldsnowc snowd willsnow exercises i youamorevaluablepresentifi enoughmoney a musthavebought hadb wouldhavebought hadhadc hadbought hadhadd couldhavebought had b 2 ifhe come theproblemwouldbesettled a wouldb shouldc shalld will b 3 he thejobwell buthe socareless a hadn tdone hadbeenb couldhavedone wasc coulddo wasd haddone hadbeen b 4 whatwouldyoudoifthewar a wouldbreakoutb weretobreakoutc willbreakoutd breaksout b 5 theirmathsteacherdiedofcancerlastterm otherwise he now a shouldstillworkb willstillworkc wouldstillbeworkingd wouldstillhaveworked c 5 ifmyfather herenow he tellmewhattodo a were wouldbwere willcis woulddis will6 ifi abee i workmuchharder awere wouldbwere shallchad willdhave should7 ifi muchmoney i buyahouse ahave willbhad shouldchad willdhave should8 he learnmorequicklyifhe harder awill workbwould workedcwould workdwill worked9 ifi you i dothat awas wouldn tbwere wouldn tcam won tdwere won t a a b b b 10 ifyou thedoctor sadvice youwouldhaverecognizedalready a followedbwouldfollowcfollowdhadfollowed11 ifmylawyer herelastsaturday he mefromgoing ahadbeen wouldhavepreventedbhadbeen wouldpreventcwere wouldpreventdwere wouldhaveprevented12 i ifshe me awouldhaveoverslept didn tcallbwouldhaveoverslept hadn tcalledcoverslept hadn tcalleddwouldoverslept didn tcall d a b 13 ifhe he thatfood luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately awaswarned wouldnottakebhadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakencwouldbewarned hadnottakendwouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken14 she tothepartyifshe invited awouldhavegone hadbeenbwouldgo wascwouldhavegone wasdhasgone b a 15 it sprobablethatitwon traintomorrow butifit iwouldstillgotothepark ashouldrainbwouldraincrainsdhadrained 16 idon tthinkthatishallfail butifi iwouldtryagain ashouldfailbwouldfailcfaileddhadfailed 17 tomorrow whatshouldwedo aifitrainsb shoulditrainc woulditraind wereitraining a a b homework 汉译英 1 如果你早来5分钟 你就赶上这趟车了 2 如果我现在不忙 我就来帮你了 3 如果明天下雪了 我们怎么办 4 要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐会 假如我当