八年级英语上册Unit2Schoollife词汇与语法基础训练新版牛津版1.doc

Unit 2 School life知识精讲一、必备词汇Physics n. 物理学finish v. 完成real adj. 真实的 weekly adj. 一周一次的daily adj. 日常的chess n. 国际象棋 spend v. 花费least adv.最少true adj.真实的win v. 赢得、获胜offer v. 提供、给予discuss v. 探讨二、重点词汇1. finish verb /fn./ to complete something or come to the end of an activity完成，（使）完结1). Ill call you when Ive finished my homework.我做完作业后会给你打电话的。2). Please place your questionnaire in the box when youre finished.完成调查问卷后请将其投进箱子里。2. real adjective /rl/ existing in fact and not imaginary实际存在的，现实的；真实的1). Assuring the patient that she has a real and not imaginary problem is the first step.使病人确信她真的有病，并非杯弓蛇影，这是对她进行治疗的第一步。2). There is a very real threat that he will lose his job.他的确有失去工作的危险。3. spend verb /spend/ spent, spentto give money as a payment for something花费；用，花（钱）1). How much did you spend?你花了多少钱？2). I dont know how I managed to spend so much in the club last night.我不知道昨晚在酒吧怎么会花了这么多钱。4. least adverb, determiner, pronoun /list/ less than anything or anyone else; the smallest amount or number最少；最小1). This group is the least likely of the four to win.该组在4个小组当中获胜的可能性最小。2). Disaster struck when we least expected it.在我们最麻痹大意的时候灾难不期而至。5. offer verb /f.r/ to ask someone if they would like to have something or if they would like you to do something主动给予；主动提出；提议1). + two objects I feel bad that I didnt offer them any food/offer any food to them.没有给他们提供任何食物，我觉得很过意不去。2). She was offered a job in Paris.她在巴黎得到了一份工作。三、必备短语borrowfrom从借入in class 上课中free time 免费时间do morning exercises 做早操at most 最多、至多look through 看穿、仔细检查keep on doing 继续做某事at first 首先go on a school trip 去旅行number of students 学生数量四、经典句型1. Why dont Tom go to school, Eddie?为什么汤姆不去上学，埃迪？2. It seems like not a bad idea at the time.当时这主意好像不错。3. Near the edn of the week,we discuss the books with our classmates in class.这一周快要结束的时候，我们在班上和同学们讨论这些书。4. He jumps higher than any other of my classmates.他跳得比我们班级任何一个同学都高。5. Chinese students have more weeks off for the summer holiday than British student.中国学生比由英国学生暑假多休息几个星期。三点剖析一、考点：一、比较事物的数量1. 两者比较数量通常用more.hanlsstan 和fewer.than来比较两种事物之间的数量关系。其中more than之间加可数名间的复数形式或者不可数名词，less than 之间加不可数名词，fewer.than 之间加可数名词的复数形式。例：Tonyhasmorefriends thanJim.托尼的朋友比吉姆的多。He eats lessfoodthan Iforbreakfast.他早饭比我吃得少。Simon has feweroranges than Nancy.西蒙的橙子比南希的少。2. 三者或三者以上比较数量通常用the most.the least.the fewest 来比较三者或三者以上事物之间的数量关系。the most,the fewest.the least 分别是many/much、few、little 的最高级。the most 表示“最；最多”，其后既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词；thefewest 表示“最少”，其后接可数名词的复数形式；the least 表示“最少”,其后接不可数名词。例：Kinygetshemost points of the three girls.三个女孩中，基蒂的得分是最高的。He has the least water. 他的水是最少的。Which of you has made the fewctmiakes? 你们哪一位犯的错误最少？二、易错点：1. another泛指（指三者或三者以上中的）另一个,既可作代词又可作形容词.做代词时如：I have finished this book, please give me another. 做形容词：I will be back in another ten days.2. other其他的，另外的，泛指另一个另一些。作定语时，常与可数名词复数连用，如But other creditors have refused the terms. 但如果前面有the, some, any, each, every及形容词性物主代词时，可与可数名词单数连用，如every other day。3. others泛指别的，其他人是other的复数形式。相当于other加可数名词复数。如：she has more concern for others than for herself.4. the other可作代词也可作形容词，表（两者中的）另一个，常用于one.the other.的句型中，如She has two children,one is a boy, the other is a girl.5. the others是the other 的复数形式，特指某一范围内“全部或其余的人或物”，只作代词用，相当于the other 加可数名词复数，如Four of them are in the classroom,what about the others.此外，语法固然重要，但是语感也很重要。平时读书读多了，看过去觉得哪个比较通顺，很大可能就是用那个。题模精选题模一：Unit 2 词汇应用例1.1.1 -Have you watched the TV report about MERS?-Yes, its _ new dangerous disease (疾病).A the otherB anotherC othersD other例1.1.2 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1). The bag was very good, and she _ 30 percent down for it. (pay)2). It is said that his brother will go to America for _ study. (far)3). They _ (offer) him a very good job, but he turned it down. 题模二：形容词的比较级和最高级例1.2.1 Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project. Im sure he can do the work with _ money and _ peopleA less; lessB fewer; moreC more; fewerD less; fewer例1.2.2 根据汉语意思完成句子。1). 我每天最少和爷爷下半小时的棋。I _ _ with my grandpa _ _ for half an hour every day.2). 如果你坚持每天听英语节目，你的英语能够在短时间内变得更好。If you _ _ _ English programme every day, your English will be better in a short time.3). 我们下周要放7天假，因为国庆节要到了。We will _ 7 days _ next week because the National Day is coming.随堂练习随练1.1 _ most students, he works hard at school.A LikeB AsC ForD To随练1.2 I will do it _ you told me.A likeB asC accordingD for随练1.3 By the way, Jack, _ to go shopping with me this afternoon?A will you be likeB wont you likeC do you likeD shall you like随练1.4 -Would you like to come to my party this evening?-_. But I have to study for my math test.A My pleasureB Id love toC Thats all rightD Dont mention it随练1.5 -Shall we go shopping this afternoon?-_.A Me tooB Help yourselfC It doesnt matterD Good idea随练1.6 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Two of the students in their class are _ (America ).2.There are too many boring _ (advertisement) on TV now.3.-What is your school life like?-Its like _ (watch )a wonderful film.4.I cant wait _ (have )a long holiday.5.Tom has five books and Jim has ten books, so Tom has (few) _ books than Jim.自我总结课后作业作业1 A lot of students tried their best, but _ pass the exam.A many B little C few D a little作业2 As it was rainy, _ students wanted to have a picnic.A little B few C several D many作业3 I think _ I will have a talk with him.A which B when C what D that作业4 Everyone lives _ now.A a happy lifeB happy livingC happy livesD happy life作业5 -How is Tom now?-I hear the company _ him a good job, but he refused it.A providedB offeredC passedD introduce作业6 根据汉语意思完成句子。1. 我们不得不努力学习功课。We _ our lessons.2. 你们的新学校怎么样啊？_?一一很大而且很漂亮。-Its very big and beautiful.3. 你们为什么不向人们讲一讲你们的学校呢?_ your school?4.我们今天下午向他们讲一讲我们的学校生活好吗?_ our school life this afternoon?5. 米莉直到来我们学校才开始学习汉语。Millie _ she came to our school.作业7 Why is there _ rain in Nantong in January than in August?A less B fewer C few D little答案解析题模精选题模一：Unit 2 词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】D【解析】 考查代词辨析。the other指（两者之中的）另一个，another指另一个；others泛指“部分”，用于已知的一些人或物中，指出去某些后余下的人或物中额一部分；other“其它的、另外的”。句意：你看到电视上关于中东呼吁综合症的报道了吗？是的，它是另一种新型的危险疾病。故选D。例1.1.2【答案】 1). paid2). farther3). offered【解析】 考查单词的正确拼写和使用形式。题模二：形容词的比较级和最高级例1.2.1【答案】D【解析】 句意：鲍勃知道如何削减项目的开支。我确信他能用更少的钱和更少的人做这项工作。money 不可数名词，应用less 来修饰；people可数名词，应用fewer 来修饰。故选D。例1.2.2【答案】 1). play chess; at least2). keep listening to3). have; off【解析】 考查完成句子涉及到各种固定句型。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】A【解析】 like 意为“像一样”，是介词，其后接名词或代词；as意为“像一样”讲时是副词。故选A。随练1.2【答案】B【解析】 like 意为“像一样”，是介词，其后接名词或代词；as意为“按照”讲时是连词。句意：我会按照你告诉我的去做。故选B。随练1.3【答案】C【解析】 考查固定句型Do you like to do sth.?你愿意做某事吗？故选C。随练1.4【答案】B【解析】 考查情景交际。Would you like to do sth.?你乐意做吗？若接受对方的邀请，常用Yes, Id love like to . 作答；若不接受对方的邀请，常用Id love/ like to. But作答。故选B。随练1.5【答案】D【解析】 考查情景交际。Shall we? 表示提建议，答语应为Good idea. 故选D。随练1.6【答案】 1. Ameicans2. advertisements3. watching4. to have5. fewer【解析】 考查单词的正确使用和拼写形式。课后作业作业1【答案】C【解析】 前一分句的主语是students，为可数名词，再由句意：很多学生尽了最大的努力，但是很少人通过了这次考试。故选C。作业2【答案】B【解析】 句意：由于下雨，没有几个学生想去野餐。few几乎没有。符合句意。故选B。作业3【答案】D【解析】 考查宾语从句的引导词。that引导宾语从句只起到连接的作用。故选D。作业4【答案】A【解析】 考查固定搭配。live a happy life过着幸福的生活。句意：每个人现在搜过着幸福的生活。故选A。作业5【答案】B【解析】 考查词义辨析。offer sb. sth. 提供给某人某物。句意：现在汤姆怎么样？我听说公司给他提供了一份好工作，但他拒绝了。故选B。作业6【答案】 1. have to work hard at2. Whats your new school like3. Why dont you tell people something about4. Shall we tell them something about5. didnt learn Chinese until 【解析】 考查完成句子涉及到各种固定句型。作业7【答案】A【解析】 由than可知此句应用比较级，因此在A、B两项中选择，rain为不可数名词。故选A。Unit 8 Natural disasters知识精讲一、必背词汇disaster n. 灾难；不幸，祸患mop vt. 用拖把擦干净up adv. 完全地earthquake n. 地震accident n. 事故，意外的事coach n. 长途汽车crash vi. & vt. 猛撞；碰撞flood n. 洪水，水灾village n. 村庄，乡村lightning n. 闪电storm n. 风暴，暴（风）雨thunder n. 雷，雷声slight adj. 轻微的shake vi. & vt. 摇动，震动loud adj. 响亮的；大声的；喧闹的bomb n. 炸弹fear n. 害怕，恐惧direction n. 方向brick n. 砖，砖块silent adj. 寂静的nervous adj. 紧张不安的heart n. 心脏beat vi. & vt. （使）规律作响，作节奏运动trapped adj. 困住的mind n. 头脑calm vi. & vt. （使）平静，（使）镇定since conj. 由于，既然still adv. 仍然alive adj. 活着的dark n. 黑暗shout n. 呼喊，喊叫声safe adj. 安全的asleep adj. 睡着的break vi. 损坏；打破towel n. 毛巾，浴巾rule n. 规则railway n. 铁路pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼burn n. 烧伤，烫伤，灼伤board n. 木板headache n. 头痛toothache n. 牙痛countryside n. 乡下, 农村nearly adv. 几乎， 将近clear vt. 清除，清理shaking n. 摇动，震动二、重点词汇1. break verb /brek/1). to (cause something to) separate suddenly or violently into two or more pieces, or to (cause something to) stop working by being damaged破碎，破裂；打破；打断；损坏，弄坏例句：The dish fell to the floor and broke.碟子掉到地上摔碎了。She fell and broke her arm.她摔断了胳膊。2). to destroy or end something, or to come to an end 毁坏，打破；结束，终结例句：Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence.最后终于有人开口打破了沉默。She broke the record for the 5,000 meters.她打破了5000米的纪录。3). to interrupt or to stop something for a short period 打断；中断，中止例句：We usually break for lunch at 12.30.我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。The phone rang, breaking my concentration.电话铃响了，打断了我的注意。2. shake verb & noun /ek/1). v. to move backwards and forwards or up and down in quick, short movements, or to make something or someone do this 摇动；抖动；使颤动例句：A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the branches so that the fruit fell down.一个男孩爬上苹果树，用力摇着枝条好让苹果掉下来。She shook her hair loose from its ribbon.她抖了抖头发，把丝带抖掉。2). v. If you are shaking, your body makes quick short movements, or you feel as if it is doing so, because you are frightened or nervous. （因害怕或紧张而）打颤，发抖例句：She was shaking as she opened the letter.她颤抖着拆开了信。I was shaking like a leaf (= very nervous) before the test.我考试前特别紧张。3). n. an act of shaking something 摇动；抖动；震动例句：She gave the box a shake to see if there was anything inside it.她摇了摇盒子，看里面有没有东西。No, no, no, he said with a shake of his head. “不，不，不”，他摇着头说。3. since adverb & preposition & conjunction /sns/1). adv. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now此后，从此例句：Emma went to work in New York a year ago, and we havent seen her since.埃玛一年前去纽约工作了，自那时起我们就没有见过她。He started working for the company in 1995, and has been there ever since.他毕业后就开始为这家公司工作，在此之后他一直呆在那里。2). prep. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now自从；从以来例句：He hasnt won a game since last year.1966年以后，英格兰队就再没有拿过世界杯冠军。It was the hottest October since records began.这是有史以来最热的十月。3). conj. because; as因为；既然例句：Since weve got a few minutes to wait for the train, lets have a cup of coffee.既然等火车还需要几分钟，我们去喝杯咖啡吧。Since she has lost weight that skirt bags on her.因为她减肥了，她穿那条裙子显得太松垂了。4. direction noun /darekn/ 1). the position towards which someone or something moves or faces方向，朝向例句：He was going in the direction of the bedroom.他正朝着卧室走去。They drove away in opposite directions.他们朝相反的方向驶去。2). control or instruction 管理；控制；指挥；指导例句：I couldnt understand the directions on the packet.我看不懂包装盒上的说明。The project was under the direction of a well-known academic.这项工程是在一位著名学者的指导下进行的。5. beat verb & noun /bit/1). v. to defeat or do better than 打败，战胜例句：Simon always beats me at tennis.西蒙打网球总是赢我。Holland beat Belgium (by) 31.荷兰队3比1战胜比利时队。2).v. to hit repeatedly （接连地）打，击例句：They saw him beating his dog with a stick.他们看见他用棍子打他的狗。Beat the drum.打起鼓来。3). v. to (cause to) make a regular movement or sound （使）跳动；使拍打；敲打例句：The doctor could feel no pulse beating.医生感觉不到脉搏的跳动。The hummingbird beats its wings at great speed.蜂鸟高速振动翅膀。4). n. a regular movement or sound, especially that made by your heart（尤指心脏）连续的跳动（声）例句：I put my head on his chest but I could feel no heartbeat.我把头贴近他的胸口，但感觉不到他的心跳。They danced to the beat of the drums.他们随着鼓声翩翩起舞。6. silent adjective /salnt/1). without any sound 宁静的；寂静的例句：The empty house was completely silent.那座空房子一片寂静。It was four oclock in the morning and the streets were as silent as the grave.这是凌晨四点，伦敦如坟墓一样沉寂，十分安静。2). without talking 沉默的；缄默的例句：Trish was silent because she was reluctant to put her thoughts into words.特里希一言不发，因为她不愿意把她的想法说出来。She and Ned sat silently for a moment, absorbing the peace of the lake.她和内德默默地坐了片刻，享受着那湖泊的宁静。三、必背短语1. thousands of 许多；成千上万的2. wash away 冲走；洗掉；忘却3. crash into 闯入；撞到上4. fall from 从落下5. catch fire 着火6. at first 起初；首先7. in fear 害怕8. run out of 用光，用尽9. try ones best 尽某人最大的努力10. in all directions 四面八方；全面地11. come down 下来，降落12. not.at all 一点也不13. calm down 平静下来14. say to oneself 自言自语15. find ones way out 寻找解决方法16. at last 最终，最后17. the noise of 之声18. because of 因为，由于19. as.as possible 尽可能20. on fire 着火；起火21. a loud noise like thunder 一声雷鸣般的巨响四、经典句型1. Then I heard a loud noise like然后我听到一声般的巨响。2. I tried my best to.我尽最大的努力3. I could not see anything at all, and.我什么都看不见，也三点剖析一、考点1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。2. 过去进行时的用法1). 定义过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。2). 结构was/were +doing (现在分词)3). 用法(1). 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例句：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。(2). 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。例句：When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(3). 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例句：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）3. when，while和as在过去进行时中的用法1). when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。例句：Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。2). when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。例句：When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。While/ As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。3). 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as这时，as常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。例句：As the time went on, the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟了。例题：1. -Sandy, the glass is broken. How did that happen?-Sorry, Mum. I dont know. I _ outside.A. playB. was playingC. have playedD. am playing【答案】B【解析】考查过去进行时。根据句意：桑迪，这玻璃杯坏了，是怎样发生的？对不起，妈妈，我不知道，我当时在外面玩。根据句意可知应该用过去进行时。故选D。2. 用when，while，as填空1).The teacher came in _ the students were talking.2). _ was sleeping, my parents were watching TV.3). _ it grew darker, it became colder.【答案】1). when/ while/ as2). While3). As【解析】考查过连词when，while，as的用法。根据相关用法填出对应连词即可。二、易错点loud，aloud和loudly1. loud作副词时，常用比较级形式，意为“响亮地”或“高声地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，一股多用来修饰speak，talk，laugh等动词；作形容词时意为“大声的；响亮的”。例句：Speak louder, or I cant hear you.大点声，否则我听不见你说话。The children made a loud noise downstairs.孩子们在楼下大声喧哗。2. aloud为副词，强调发出的声音能被听见，意为“出声地”或“大声地”。aloud作“出声地”讲时，主要与read连用；作“大声地”讲时，主要与call，shout，cry等词连用。例句：Please read the letter aloud so that everybody can hear.请大声地把信读出来,让大家都能听见。The boy is crying aloud.那个男孩哭的声音很大。3. loudly作副词，意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，还常与ring，knock等动词连用，可指人的说话声、敲门声或其他各种声音，强调“声音高”。含有“喧闹”的意思。例句：Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人大声敲门。例题：Suddenly the bell on the wall rang _.A. quietB. aloudC. loudlyD. quietly【答案】C【解析】考查词汇辨析。根据句意：突然墙上的铃突然想了起来。aloud意为“大声地”；loudly意为“响亮地”，故选C。题模精选题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用例1.1.1 The girl felt so _ that she fell _ at the table.A sleepy; asleepB sleepy; sleepyC asleep; sleepyD asleep; asleep例1.1.2 根据括号提示填空1). There are many natural _ (灾难) in the world every year.2). A strong earthquake killed _ (thousand) of people last year.题模二：过去进行时例1.2.1 I was writing a letter _ she was making a telephone call.A whileB whenC beforeD as例1.2.2 根据中文提示完成句子1). 雷电总是跟在闪电后面，因为电的传播速度比声音快。_ _ _ _ because light travels faster than sound.2). 我们应该学习怎样在地震中保护自己。We should learn _ _ _ _ _ _ _.随堂练习随练1.1 The man tried several times to start the car, and he _ succeeded.A in the pastB in the endC at firstD at once随练1.2 If there is any change to