九年级英语上第二单元重难点知识讲义.doc

九年级英语第二单元重难点知识讲义 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious！ 蕴才辅导中心一重点短语：1. put on 2.in two weeks 3. be similar to. 4. plan to do.5. lay out 6. end up 7.share sth. with sb. 8. one,. . the other. 9. dress up 10. play a trick on sb. 11. give out 12. promise to do sth.13.care about. 14. warn sb. to do sth. 16.remind.of. 17. like best. 18. used to do sth 19. not only.but (also).20.in need 21.so.that. 22. as a result 23. between.and. 二单元重点、难点精讲:1. lie vi. 平躺；位于 lay - lain - lyingIf you feel unwell, go and lie down.如果你感到不舒服，就去躺下。The novel is lying on the table.小说平放在桌子上。辨析：lay, lielayv.放置，下蛋laid-laid-layingHe laid his dictionary on the shelf.他把词典放在书架上。The hen is laying on the ground.母子正在草地上下蛋lie v.说谎 lied-lied-lyingDont lie to me.不要对我撒谎。lien.谎言tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎用lay和lie的适当形式填空：Dont _ the glass on the corner of the table. 别把玻璃杯放在台角上。The city _ in the north of China. 那座城市位于中国的北部。Hes still _ in bed. 他还躺在床上。2.put on增加（体重）；发胖 I put on weight again! 我又发胖了！区别put on, wear, dress “穿”put on 指穿衣的动作，Its late,put on your coat quicklywear=be in 主要表示“穿，戴”的状态，He wears a T-shirt today.dress“给.穿衣服”，后接人，dress sb. Please dress the children. 表示衣着的习惯：The woman always dresses in green.3.dead adj. 死的；失去生命力的He has been dead for many years. 他已死去多年。 die v. 死亡 died-died-dying death n. 死；死亡My grandfather died at the age of 86. 我爷爷在86岁时去世了。The sick man is in danger of death. 这位病人有死亡的危险。用 die dead 或 death 完成下列句子。His grandfather _ last year.The dog has been _ for a week.The _ of Michael Jacksonmade so many people sad.4. Marley used to be just like Scrooge, used to do sth. 曾经；过去常常I used to go to the cinema, but I never have time now.我过去经常去看电影，但现在没有时间了。used to do sth. / be used to doing sth. / be used to do sth. 的区别used to do sth.意为“过去常常”, 其后跟动词原形, 表示过去的习惯、经常发生的动作或状态。be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”, 其中to是介词, 后接名词或动名词。如： The old man and his wife have been used to living a simple life. be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。This computer is used to control all the machines. 1). This building is a department store now. It _ a cinema.A. is used to be B. used to be C. is used to doing2). Children at the beginning of last century _ a lot and _ themselves greatly even without television.A. used to read, enjoying B. used to read, enjoyed C. were used to reading , enjoy D. were used to read, enjoying5. spend v.花费Spend, cost, pay for, take 的区别：cost 表示某物值什么的（价值或钱）例：The bool cost 200yuan. take 一般用it做主语，例：it take sb sometime to do sth. spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构： (1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。 例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。 例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 (3)spend money for sth. 花钱买。 例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 pay的主语是人基本用法是： (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。 例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付的钱。 例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。 例：Dont worry!Ill pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 （5）pay money back 还钱。 例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。 （6）pay off ones money还清钱。 pay 和pay for 都是表示人的词语作主语，他们都只表示花费金钱。 pay 的意思是付钱，而pay for 是付钱买某物。如： I paid him a very large sum. Who paid for the ticket? cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 表示某事或某物花去某人多少金钱、时间、或精力。常见用法如下： (1)sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。 例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。 例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种： (1) It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引导词 从句宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。.宾语从句的引导词一.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：I was a good boy. My teacher saidMy teacher said（that） I was a good boy. 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend （that）1.This is a book. 2.You like singing.3.He worked last night. 4.They will go home. 5.Jim has been to Beijing.二.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：1) Is Jim a good student? I dont know(I dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks if/whether1.Is he reading ? 2. Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard? 4. Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ? 6. Can you sing ?三.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?三) 疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问代词：what、whom、 who、whose、which疑问副词：when、where、why、how例句：1、The book will show you what you must do .用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me 1. What is this ?2. What are you doing ?3. Where do you live ?4. When does he get up ?5. How did you go to work?6. Who will you play with?.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变I think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序He asked who was our English teacher.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is.但在有些情况下，只能用whether，不能用if：1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用，而if一般不能。如： 正： Let me know whether you can come or not. 误： Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。如： 正： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 误： If it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。如： 正： I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 误： I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。如： 正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误： I worry about if I hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语，而if不能。如： 正： It was uncertain whether he would come. 误： It was uncertain if he would come. 6.若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book.bIf you like the book，please let me know.1 Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2009. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived2.Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come homeB. where he would play football C. if he had seen the filmD. why he didnt watch the game3.I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave4.-We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he is B. if he lives hereC. where he comes from D. which country is he from感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。what和how与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由what引导的感叹句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不