计算机专业英语教案ppt课件.ppt

ENGLISHFORCOMPUTERSCIENCESchoolofSoftwareUniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina 任课教师 陈娟博士 英国Bradford大学 电子科技大学讲师研究方向 数字媒体处理 考察方式 1 写一篇英文自我介绍 200个词以上 2 写一篇介绍计算机题材的论文 500个词以上 注意事项 缺1 3以上课程 不给成绩 抄袭将通不过 Word2003的电子档和打印后的纸质档 于最后一节课后提交 教学及考察方式 主要教学方式 1 通过阅读通俗计算机文献 来了解计算机专业词汇 2 课后的巩固练习 英文自我介绍 Self introduction 学习背景 EducationBackground 工作经历 WorkingExperiences 目前从事的工作或学习的概况 currentworkorstudy 兴趣和爱好 interestsandhabits 工作 学习或生活方面的计划 Planforfuturework studyorlife 介绍计算机题材的论文 开发式题目 对 的探讨DiscussionsonInternet QQchartingtool QQgames Emailbox database network softwaredevelopment managementsystem 介绍计算机题材的论文 选题的背景 Background 与你的工作 学习相关 是你感兴趣的方面对该技术或软件的介绍 Abriefintroductionto 使用方法 功能 你的体验结论 Conclusion 你对现有的技术或软件的评价 哪些地方需要进一步改进 教学及考察方式 本门课的内容主要涉及 1 有关计算机各大领域的通用英语词汇 如 计算机结构 软件 数据库 网络 安全 多媒体等 2 常用科技英文数量表示法 如 数量 几何 质量等 3 常用科技英文概念描述法 如 定语 状语等从句 4 网络时代常用科技英文及词汇翻译方法 如 百度 Google 维基百科Wikipedia 计算机英语实用教程 第三版 刘兆毓 郑家农等编著 清华大学出版社 2006 计算机专业英语 刘乃琦 电子科技大学出版社 1998 CHAPTER1PRINCIPLESOFCOMPUTERORGANIZATION1 1COMPUTERHARDWARE 1 1COMPUTERHARDWARE Mainpoint Functionofcomputer OrganizationofcomputerHardware Typeofcomputer MainPerformanceofcomputer Expressionoflargeorsmallquantitiesofspaceortime Webuildcomputertosolveproblems Earlycomputersolvedmathematicalandengineeringproblems andlatercomputersemphasizedinformationprocessingforbusinessapplications Today computersalsocontrolmachinesasdiverseasautomobileengines robots andmicrowaveovens Acomputersystemsolvesaproblemfromanyofthesedomainsbyacceptinginput processingit andproducingoutput Figure1 1illustratesthefunctionofacomputersystem Figure1 1Thethreeactivitiesofacomputersystem Computersystemsconsistofhardwareandsoftware Hardwareisthephysicalpartofthesystem Oncedesigned hardwareisdifficultandexpensivetochange Softwareisthesetofprogramsthatinstructthehardwareandiseasiertomodifythanhardware Computersarevaluablebecausetheyaregeneral purposemachinesthatcansolvemanydifferentkindsofproblems asopposedtospecial purposemachinesthatcaneachsolveonlyonekindofproblem 原因状语从句 定语从句 状语 定语从句 1 Explainthedifferencebetweengeneral purposemachinesandspecial purposemachines Pointthepurposesofcomputer Differentproblemscanbesolvedwiththesamehardwarebysupplyingthesystemwithadifferentsetofinstructions thatis withdifferentsoftware Everycomputerhasfourbasichardwarecomponents Inputdevices Outputdevices Mainmemory Centralprocessingunit CPU Figure1 2showsthesecomponentsinablockdiagram Thelinesbetweentheblocksrepresenttheflowofinformationflowsfromonecomponenttoanotheronthebus whichissimplyagroupofwiresconnectingthecomponents 1 ProcessingoccursintheCPUandmainmemory TheorganizationinFigure1 2 withthecomponentsconnectedtoeachotherbythebus iscommon However otherconfigurationsarepossibleaswell 2 Howmanycomponentsareusedtobuildacomputer Listthem 非限定性定语从句 Computerhardwareisoftenclassifiedbyitsrelativephysicalsize Smallmicrocomputer Mediumminicomputer Largemainframe Fig 1 2Blockdiagramofthefourcomponentsofacomputersystem JusttheCPUofamainframeoftenoccupiesanentirecabinet Itsinput output I O devicesandmemorymightfillanentireroom Microcomputerscanbesmallenoughtofitonadeskorinabriefcase Astechnologyadvances theamountofprocessingpreviouslypossibleonlyonlargemachinesbecomespossibleonsmallermachines Microcomputersnowcandomuchoftheworkthatonlyminicomputersormainframescoulddointhepast 时间状语从句 定语从句 3 Describetheclassificationofcomputersaccordingtoitsphysicalsize Theclassificationjustdescribedisbasedonphysicalsizeasopposedtostoragesize Acomputersystemuserisgenerallymoreconcernedwithstoragesize becausethatisamoredirectindicationoftheamountofusefulworkthatthehardwarecanperform 原因状语从句 定语从句 Speedofcomputationisanothercharacteristicthatisimportanttotheuser Generallyspeaking userswantafastCPUandlargeamountsofstorage butaphysicallysmallmachinefortheI Odevicesandmainmemory Whencomputerscientistsstudyproblems therefore theyareconcernedwithspaceandtime thespacenecessaryinsideacomputersystemtostoreaproblemandthetimerequiredtosolveit TheycommonlyusethemetricprefixesofTable1 1toexpresslargeorsmallquantitiesofspaceortime 4 WhatareMainperformancesofcomputer Table1 1Prefixesforpowersof10 TheInternationalSystemofUnits SI 国际单位制 specifiesasetofunitprefixesknownasSIprefixesormetricprefixes courtesyofwikipedia 国际单位制词头 ExampleSupposeittakes4 5microseconds alsowritten4 5 s totransfersomeinformationacrossthebusfromonecomponenttoanother a Howmanysecondsarerequiredforthetransfer b Howmanytransferscantakeplaceduringoneminute 2 a Atimeof4 5 sis4 5 10 6fromTable1 1or0 0000045s b Becausethereare60secondsinoneminute thenumberoftimesthetransfercanoccuris 60s 0 0000045s transfer or13300000transfers 同位语 Notethatsincetheoriginalvaluewasgivenwithtwosignificantfigures theresultshouldnotbegiventomorethantwoorthreesignificantfigures 宾语从句 Table1 1showsthatinthemetricsystemtheprefixkilo is1000andmega is1000000 Butincomputerscience akilo is210or1024 Thedifferentbetween1000and1024islessthan3 soyoucanthinkofacomputersciencekilo asbeingabout1000eventhoughitisalittlemore Thesameappliestomega andgiga asinTable1 2 Thistime theapproximationisalittleworse butformega itisstillwithin5 宾语从句 结果状语从句 让步状语从句 Table1 2Computersciencevaluesofthelargeprefixes 5 Rememberprefixesforpowerof10inTable1 1 NOTES 1 总线不仅仅是一组线缆 它还包括一些逻辑电路 此处是一种形象说法 有关总线的概念请见本章1 6节 2 因为没有给出总线宽度 故每次传送可以理解为每秒钟或每分钟所传送的字节数 位数等 NOTES KEYWORDS computer计算机informationprocessing信息处理hardware硬件software软件program程序general purposemachine通用 计算 机special purposemachine专用 计算 机instruction指令setofinstruction指令集 指令系统 inputdevice输入设备outputdevice输出设备mainmemory主存储器centralprocessingunit CPU 中央处理器bus总线microcomputer微型计算机Minicomputer小型计算机mainframe主机 特大型机 1 Multiplechoices 1 Whenwestoreaproblemintoacomputer isnecessary a spaceb timec inputdeviced outputdevice 2 Earlycomputersolvedproblems a controlb businessapplicationsc engineeringd mathematical a c c d