语法填空专题讲解ppt课件.ppt

高中英语语法填空RationalCloze 解题技巧 1 Learninggoals 1 Tolearnsomerulesandskillsabouttherationalcloze 2 Toimprovethestudents abilityoftherationalclozebymasteringsomeskillsanddoingexercises 2 What stheusualwayyoufulfillthetaskrationalcloze 三步完成 概读理解 分析填空 连贯检查 语法 词法 句法 章法 惯用法 思考 面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点 我们到底该怎样入手呢 3 虚词 冠词 a an the 介词 in at on with without for by from before after through over under 并列连词 连接并列句 并列关系 and or either or neither nor notonly but also both and 转折关系 but yet 因果关系 for so Testpoints 考点 4 从句引导词 定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 which that who m as whose when where why 名词性从句 连接词 that whether if 连接代词 what ever who ever 连接副词 when where why how 状语从句 从属连词 when while as since until where because although though if sothat suchthat before after 5 实词 Testpoints 考点 动词 谓语动词 时态 语态 主谓一致非谓语动词 ing ed todo及变形 名词 单复数 形容词 副词 比较级 最高级 反义词 词性转换 6 Task1 题型解读 思考 高中英语试卷语法填空以什么方式出题 1 挖空处要求填入适当的单词 2 设题方式分为和 10 纯空格型 有提示词型 7 语法填空题 空格设计 纯空格 有提示词 给出了动词的试题 词类词义转换题 谓语动词 非谓语动词 名词 形容词 副词 形容词或副词的比较级或最高级 代词 pronoun 冠词 article 介词 prep 情态动词 modalverbs 连词 conj 或从句引导词 8 一 纯空格试题的解题技巧 9 冠词或 物主 代词 无提示词 1 Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey Sothefarmerkilled 40 goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart 2 WhenIseethechildintheshop IthinkofLucy Shewas 35 shyandbeautifulgirl 3 Thelittleboypulled 33 righthandoutofthepocket 4 IcansendamessagetoKenwheneverIwantto and getstherealmostinasecond the a his 考点归纳 1 3 名词前面若没有限定词 定冠词 不定冠词 形容词性物主代词 不定代词 很可能考查限定词 4 主句缺主语或宾语 很可能考查代词 讨论归纳 it 10 介词 无提示词与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语 补语等与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语 1 Thescienceinstitutespendsabout3 5milliondollarseveryyear robotresearch 2 Lovedecidedtoaskforhelp Richnesswaspassing Loveinagrandboat on by 考点归纳 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的使用要注意搭配和上下文语境提示 讨论归纳 11 连词或从句引导词 无提示词 1 Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday hefeltveryhappy 2 allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl whosesmilejustmelted 使融化 软化 me gavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout but and 考点归纳 同一个主语发出两个或几个动作 且时态一致 中间没有连词 一定是填连词 并列连词和转折连词 讨论归纳 连词 并列连词和转折连词 12 从句引导词1 Wheneverhewasdiscouragedorfacedwithdifficultproblemshewouldopenthebox takeoutanimaginarykiss andremembertheloveofthisbeautifulchild hadputitthere 2 Itsangthesweetestmelody 曲调 shehadeverheard 3 Thehouse windowarebrokenisempty who that 考点归纳 定语从句中缺主语 宾语或定语 一定是填适当的关系代词 如 who that which whom whose that whose 定语从句 关系代词 13 考点归纳 定语从句中缺地点状语用 缺时间状语用 缺原因状语用 1 Thesearethereasons wedoit 2 AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild 3 Icanstillrememberthemoment thespacestewardesscalledusalltothecapsule where why when where why when 定语从句 关系副词 14 1 IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereached lookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections 2 Weheardthenews ourteamhadwon 3 interestedhermostwasthelongitudeline 4 Thequestionis weshouldgoonwiththework what 考点归纳 名词性从句包括主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 要注意what引导名词性从句的用法 that What 名词性从句 宾从 同位语从句 主从 whether 表从 15 1 theyarrivedatdryland theelderwentherownway 2 itrainstomorrow Iwon tgo 3 Hewassotired hecouldn tgo 4 heispoor he sstillhappy 5 Pleaseputthemedicine childrencan treachit 6 Hecan tcome heisill When 考点归纳 状语从句包括时间状语从句 条件状语从句 结果状语从句 让步状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句和方式状语从句 状语从句 If that Although where because 16 二 给出了提示词型的解题技巧 17 考点归纳 句中没有谓语 或者虽然已有谓语动词 但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致 且中间有并列或转折连词时 需填的词则是谓语动词 就要考虑时态和语态 时态考虑要瞻前顾后 1 Butthings change whenhecametothenewschool 2 Rightafterhe rescue bythesoldiersfromtheruins hesalutedandsmiledtothem 3 Sincethebeginningofhistory people use riversfortransportation changed wasrescued 1 动词 谓语动词 haveused 18 考点归纳 若句中已有谓语动词 又不是并列谓语时 所给动词就是非谓语动词 若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词doing 过去分词done 还是不定式todo 非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系 1 use foralongtime thebooklooksold 2 use thebook Ifindituseful 3 see fromthehill thecitylookslikeabiggarden 4 Ilookedatthepairofsmallobjects call thoughtpads onatable Used Using 2 动词 非谓语动词 1 Seen called 19 1 Hesawthestone say tohimself Thenightwillbeverydark 2 Theheadmasterwentintothelab follow bytheforeignguests saying 考点归纳 分词作伴随状语 原因状语 条件状语等时 要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式 与句中主语是主动关系使用现在分词 与句中主语是被动关系使用过去分词 followed 非谓语动词 2 20 1 complet theprojectasplanned we llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday Tocomplete 考点归纳 作目的状语或者在固定结构中 一般用todo形式 2 Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould pass theexaminations topass 非谓语动词 3 21 3 词类转换 1 BecauseonlyTimeiscapableofunderstandinghow value Loveis 2 Hissmilewaslikesunshinewhichwarmedpeoplewhowerein sad 3 Thegirlwas frighten thathewouldflyaway 4 Nowpullupthesecond Theyouthobeyedbutfoundthatthetaskwas difficult 5 Thirty fivecents shesaid rude 6 Itwouldbe believe thatsuchanhonestmanshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends valuable sadness frightened moredifficult rudely unbelievable 22 根据语义 确定词形 分析句子 确定词性 解题四步走 提示 四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据 每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据 通读全文 理解大意 总结提升 检查搭配 前后连贯 23 Testmethods Logicthinking 逻辑推理 Changesofwords 词性转换 Sentenceanalysis 分析句子结构 Phrasesorsentencepatterns 固定结构 Grammarknowledge 语法知识 24 Expertssaythereareseveralwaystodealwithstress Theyincludedeepbreathingandamethodofguidedthoughtcalledmeditation Theyalsoincludeexercise eatinghealthyfoods gettingenoughrestandbalancingthetime16 spend workingandplaying Exerciseisoneof17mosteffectivestress reductionmeasures Running walkingorplayingsportscausesphysicalchanges18makeyoufeelbetter Exercisealsoimprovesthebody sdefensesystem19disease Andstudieshavefoundthat20helpsprotectagainstadecreaseinmentalability spent the that which against it grammarknowledge sentenceanalysis 固定搭配 25 Doctorssaydeep slowbreathingisalsohelpful Many21 medicine studieshaveshownthatclearingthemindthroughquietmeditation22 help youbecomeca