高中省略句详解ppt课件.ppt

Ellipsis 省略 1 什么叫省略 为了使语言简洁或避免重复 省略句中的一个或几个句子成分 这种语法现象称为省略 2 简单句中的省略 并列句中的省略 状语从句中的省略 定语从句中省略 名词性从句中的省略 动词不定式的省略 介词的省略 使用so not等时的省略 省略的类型 3 一 简单句的省略 1 省略主语 i e I Begyourpardon It Soundslikeagoodidea 2 省略谓语或谓语的一部分 i e Isthere AnythingIcandoforyou Is Anybodyhere 4 3 省略主语和谓语 或谓语的一部分 i e Areyou Hungry Iwant orangejuice please 4 省略宾语或表语 i e WherehasMr Smithgone Sorry Idon tknow wherehehasgone WhohasanEnglishdictionary Ihave IamanEnglishteacher Iam too 5 二 在由and或but连接的并列句中 为避免重复 常省略一些重复的词或词组 1 省略共同的主语 i e Tompickedupabookonthefloorand Tom handedittohisteacher 2 若主语不同而谓语助动词 情态动词相同 则省略后面的助动词或情态动词 i e JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary musthavebeen doingherhomework 6 3 若主语与谓语动词相同 则省略后面的主谓成分 i e Hisadvicemademehappy but hisadvicemade Jimangry 4 若主语不同 但谓语及后续部分相同 则省略谓语及后续部分 i e Iwasborninwinterin1998andBob wasborninwinter in1989 5 省略重复的介词 连词及后续部分 i e Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand becausehehad missedthetrain 7 三 状语从句中的省略 1 在when while whenever till until if unless assoonas asif though than as whether等引导的状语从句中 若谓语部分含有be动词 而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it时 则省略从句主语和be动词 i e Woodgivesmuchsmokewhile woodis burning Hisopinion whether itis rightorwrong wouldbeconsidered I llbuyaTVsetif itis possible If itis necessary Iwillgo Don tspeakuntil till youare spokento Fewerpeoplecamethan theywere expected Pleasedotheworkas youare toldto Iwillnotgotothemeetingunless Iam invited 8 2 虚拟条件句常省略if 并将were had should提前构成部分倒装 i e Shouldtherebeaflood ifthereshouldbeaflood whatshouldwedo Hadhetakenmyadvice ifhehadtakenmyadvice hewouldbeacollegestudentnow Wereshemydaughter ifsheweremydaughter Iwouldn tallowhertostudyabroad 9 四 定语从句中的省略 1 在限制性定语从句中 作宾语的关系代词whom who which that可省略i e Heistheman whom who that youcansafelydependon Thebook which that youboughtisgood 2 theway作先行词在定语从句中作状语 可以用inwhich that引导 也可以省略不用 i e Idon tliketheway inwhich that youtalktoyourmother 10 五 在名词性从句中的省略 1 在know think consider suppose find believe say decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中 连词that可以省略 若带有多个宾语从句 只有第一个that可以省略 其余的不省略 i e Hesaid that thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart 11 2 由which when where how和why引导的宾语从句 可省略从句的句子 只保留引导词 i e Shewillcomeback buthedoesn tknowwhen shewillcomeback 12 3 insist order command suggest advise propose request require demand desire后面的宾语从句或主语从句应用虚拟语气 即从句谓语动词用 should 动词原形 should可以省略 i e Heorderedthatthemeeting should beheldatonce HeadvisedthatI should notgoabroad Itissuggestedthatwe should gotoseethefilm 一个坚持两个命令三个建议四个要求 13 4 名词suggestion proposal advice order demand requirement decision等后面的同位语从句和表语从句省略should Hemadeasuggestionthatthey should holdanEnglishspeechcontest Doctorsgiveussomeadvicethatwe should paymoreattentiontoourhealth Mysuggestionisthatwe should walkhomeinsteadoftakingataxi Therequirementisthateverystudentshoulddonateoneortwobooks 同位语从句 表语从句 14 5 主语从句中的省略 Itisimportant necessary essential vital strange surprising naturalthat should do itissuggested advised requested required ordered proposed decidedthat should do i e Itissuggestedthatwe should preventwaterfrombeingpolluted 15 六 动词不定式的省略 1 省略to后面的动词 在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中 为了避免重复 动词不定式符号to后面的动词或短语常常被省略 这种情况常用于 动词 短语 refuse like love wouldlike wouldlove wish want hope expect intend try forget prefer mean等之后 在begoingto beaboutto besupposedto haveto usedto之后 以及形容词afraid happy glad pleased delighted willing ready等之后 16 i e Wouldyouliketocometonight I dloveto cometonight Iamgoingshopping willyougowithme I dliketo gowithyou butIambusynow Doyouthinkyoucanpassthedrivingtest Ihopeso Iexpectto passthedrivingtest Willyoudomeafavor Iamgladto Thechildwantedtoplayinthestreetbuthismotheraskedhimnotto playinthestreet IbrokethevasebutIdidn tmeanto breakthevase 17 i e Iamnotadoctornow butIhopetobe adoctor inthefuture Maryhasn tfinishedtypingthearticle butsheoughttohave finishedit WasMr blackasoldier Heoughttohavebeen asoldier 注 如果不定式to后面是be have havebeen动词 通常要保留它们 18 2 省略不定式符号to 并列不定式 第一个带to 后面的省略to i e Myworkistolookafterthechildrenand to teachthemEnglish Iwanttogoand to seehim 但是当并列两个不定式表示对比关系时 第二个to不能省略 i e Tobefortheplanortobeagainsttheplandoesn tmatter Welivetogivebutnottoget To不能省略 19 当不定式做表语时 如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及do的各种形式 则to可省略 i e Whathewantstodois to gohome 动词have 使 让 make let see hear notice observe watch feel help 短语listento lookat后面带不定式作宾补省略to i e IsawJackcheatintheexam Noonecanhelphim to solvetheproblem Hewasmadetoworkdayandnight 介词but except 除了 前有do的具体形式时 后面的不定式省略to i e Allhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee Hehasnothingtodoexcept butgohome 区别 Hehasnochoicebuttogohome 被动语态to不能省略 20 七 介词的省略 1 一些与动词 名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常常省略 只保留其后的动名词 常见的结构有 Havedifficulty trouble in doingsth Bebusy in doingsth Stop prevent sb from doingsth Spendsometime in doingsth i e Theheavyrainpreventedhim from arrivingthereontime Hespentfourhours in goingoverhislessons 21 2 表示时间的介词at on和in用在next last this these yesterday tomorrow one any every each some等词之前 一般可以省略 i e WegotoschooleverydayexceptSundays Hewillcomebacknextyear Wewillhaveameetingthisweek 22 八 使用so not等时的省略 在英语中 可以用so not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子 i e Canyoufinishyourworktoday Ithinkso Ithinknot Idon tthinkso theboysarenotdoingagoodjob arethey Iguessnot Doyouthinkitisgoingtorain Iamafraidnot 注意 hope guess believe expect beafraid只能用not 23 Completethesentence 1 过马路要小心汽车 Lookoutforcars 2 正如计划的一样 他们按时出席了会议 Theyattendedthemeetingontime 3 他比预料的晚回三天 Hecamebackthreedayslater 4 明天天气会放晴吗 我希望这样 willitclearuptomorrow I 5 虽然我们都精疲力竭 但我们并没有停下来 wedidn tstop exercise when crossing the street as planned than expected hope so Though worn out 24 Multiplechoice 1 when help oneoftensays Thankyou or It skindofyou A offeringB toofferC tobeofferedD offered2 fired yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff A WouldyoubeB ShouldyoubeC CouldyoubeD Mightyoube exercise 25 3 Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves Yes there sonepoint wemustinsiston A whyB whereC howD 4 Youcan timaginewhatdifficultywehad homeinthesnowstorm A walkedB walkC towalkD walking exercise 26 5 Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithmetomorrow Iwilldosomeshoppingalone A IfnotB IfsoC IfyoudoD Ifyoucan t6 Iwaswonderingifwecangohikingthisweekend good A soundB soundedC soundsD sounding exercise 27 7 Thesuggestionhasbeenmadethatthefootballgame A putoffB hadbeenputoffC beputoffD tobeputoff8 Hesaidthathewasyoung hecouldn tcarrytheheavybox A andB andthatC thatD suchthat 一个句子中如果包含两个或两个以上的宾语从句 那么第一个宾语从句的引导词that可以省略 而其他的引导词不能省略 exercise 28 9 What sthematterwithmarry Shewasn tinvitedtothehall butshestill A hopestoB hopessoC hopesitD hopesthat10 Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow and A theotheriswhiteB anotheriswhiteC theotherwhiteD anotherwhite exercise 29 11 Ireallydon tthinkTonywillbeupset butI llgoandseehimincasehe A isB hasbeenC willbeD does12 Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday accompaniedbya