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Quiz11. Increasingly, over the past ten years, people especially young people have become aware of the need to change their eating habits because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods.Natural foods, for example, are vegetable, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the quantity but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy farms. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts ondiet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food. Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But the problem is that the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber. （06-12-2）Why do people now prefer natural foods?A.Because they grow fast and cost less.B.Because they fit peoples eating habits.C.Because they are good to people health.D.Because they are simply processed foods.2 分 问题 241. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A.Fertilizers are important in growing natural foods.B.Soil for natural foods usually lacks organic matter.C.Natural foods are grown in commercial farming areas.D.Chemicals are used to increase the quantity of foods grown.2 分 问题 251. What is the writers attitude towards chickens fed on battery farms?A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Negative.2 分 问题 261. What is the most important point the writer wants to make about sugar?A.People use it to sweeten food.B.It gives us much-needed energy.C.People take too much of it.D.It is actually a kind of honey.2 分 问题 271. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “diet” (Para. 4)?A.Food.B.Rice.C.Animal.D.Agriculture.Quiz21. Eye contact in a nonverbal (非语言的) technique that helps the speakers “sell” their ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listeners interest. A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good relation with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus only on their notes. Others look over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audiences interest and respect. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium or from across the table, are regarded not only as exceptionally friendly by theirtargetbut also as more believable and earnest.To show the power of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel uncomfortable and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and monitor (观察) his listeners. It is, in fact, essential to analyze an audience during a speech. Visual feedback (视觉反馈) from the audience can indicate that a speech is boring, that the speaker is talking too much about a particular point, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listener should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered. （06-6-2）What does the writer believe about a speakers eye contact?A.It makes the speaker closer to his audience.B.It makes the audience lose the interest in his speech.C.It makes the audience frightened of him.D.It makes listeners see the speaker more clearly.2 分 问题 241. What does the word “target” (Para.1) refer toA.Speakers.B.Listeners.C.Friends.D.Objects.2 分 问题 251. Why does the writer give the example of passers-by in Paragraph 2?A.To show that people are not comfortable with eye contact from strangers.B.To show that strangers can get to know each other easily through eye contact.C.To prove the point that people look more friendly with direct eye contact.D.To prove the point that eye contact plays a role in social communication.2 分 问题 261. What does the writer imply about visual feedback in the last paragraph?A.It can make the speaker adjust his speech.B.It can make the speech more informative.C.It may discourage and stop the speaker.D.It may cause the speaker make less eye contact.2 分 问题 271. What is the main point of the passage?A.Eye contact is a good way to attract the audience.B.It is necessary to maintain direct eye contact with the audience.C.Eye contact is important to a successful speech.D.A speakers eye contact is more important than his notes.Quiz31. The whole industrial process, which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, will unavoidably create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance. Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of (处置) properly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous waster to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from unclear power stations. Many people see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods. Others see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing population.Whatever reasons behind it, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, governments and people would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter (乱扔的废物) and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives. （06-6-3）What will happen if the industrial process continues according to the passage?A.Environment balance will be achieved easily.B.Less land will be used for agriculture.C.New environmental problems will have to be dealt with.D.World population will be reduced.2 分 问题 241. Why does the writer mention food and drinks in Paragraph 2A.To show the problem of litter and waste.B.To show the problem of overproduction.C.To show how they are consumedD.To show how they are wrapped.2 分 问题 251. What does the writer say about advertising?A.It causes pollution directly.B.It wastes energy.C.It puts litter under control.D.It brings about waste.2 分 问题 261. What is the writers attitude towards the solution to environmental problems?A.Doubtful.B.Excited.C.Hopeful.D.Disappointed.2 分 问题 271. Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage?A.Question and answer.B.Problem and solution.C.Situation and explanation.D.Statement and conclusion.Quiz41. Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own childrens school week is focused on pretests, drills, and retests. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the state test.Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment (评估) to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a test. Then one draws the skills needed not to master, say, reading, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standard tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamental confusion because people aretest obsessedrather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught.Recently many schools have faced with what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are good at test taking, but they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary. （06-6-1）What does the writer say about his daughter?A.She teaches in a middle school.B.She reads many good books.C.She does well on tests.D.She is proud of her way of learning.2 分 问题 241. What are students encouraged to do nowadays at school?A.To master basic reading skillsB.To learn how to deal with tests.C.To read well in order to pass tests.D.To master all kinds of skills.2 分 问题 251. Which of the following statements would the writer agree with the most?A.The nature and quality of subjects are more important than marks on them.B.Teachers should force students to learn to read and write and calculate well.C.Good preparation for standard tests is necessary for students.D.Most students are clear about how to acquire basic skills.2 分 问题 261. What do students do when they are “test obsessed”?A.They pay attention only to tests.B.They hate tests very much.C.They try to avoid rereading things.D.They often join in discussions.2 分 问题 271. What kind of students does the writer dislike most?A.Students with poor test marks and without creative thinkingB.Students active in thinking yet unable to talk about what they read.C.Students who are too well prepared for any test.D.Students unable to understand what they read.Quiz5 Oceanography has been defined as The application of all sciences to the study of the sea. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the questionWhat is at the bottom of the oceans? had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.所选答案：A. for business considerations 问题 33 得 2 分，满分 2 分 It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. 所选答案：D. the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable 问题 34 得 2 分，满分 2 分 The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _. 所选答案：D. to measure the depths of two oceans 问题 35 得 2 分，满分 2 分 Defied in the 5th paragraph probably means _. 所选答案：C. challenged 问题 36 得 2 分，满分 2 分 This passage is mainly about _. 所选答案：D. the beginnings of oceanography Quiz61. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors, generals, and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization move forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first launched a seaworthy boat, or who calculated the length of the year, but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars (柱子) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror, a general, or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible that they are the greatest, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently - this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done - is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes (争端) other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that side which has killed most has won. And not only that it has won, but, because it has won, it has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might (力量)is right.The author believes that history books _.A.should say more about those who launched boats and calculated the length of the yearB.should not neglect those who played a part in human social developmentC.should devote more space to describing truly great conquerors and soldiersD.should not make mention of killers and destroyers2 分 问题 241. In the authors opinion, the countries that have defeated and ruled over many others are _.A.obviously the greatest in many waysB.neither the greatest nor the most civilizedC.probably the most civilized but not the greatestD.perhaps the greatest in a way but not the most civilized2 分 问题 251. The author suggests that civilized people _.A.should not have any quarrels to settleB.should be able to settle their disputes by getting other people to fight for themC.should settle their quarrels peacefullyD.should be able to settle their disputes by killing as few people as possible2 分 问题 261. The authors main objective in this passage is _.A.to state a factB.to give a descriptionC.to make an explanationD.to present a view2 分 问题 271. The statement “might is right” at the end of the passage may mean _.A.the winner is justified in killingB.going to war is rightC.those who are right should fight those who are wrongD.those who fight for a just cause often prove most powerfulQuiz7 According to one group of scientists, the Vikings were definitely the first people from Europe or from the Mediterranean to cross the Atlantic to America. But according to another group of scientists, people from the Old World definitely reached parts of America before the Viking