2014医学专业英语期末考试A卷 稿2.doc

.成都学院（成都大学）考试试卷课程名称：医学专业英语 A卷（闭卷） 2014-2015学年 第一学期题号一二三四五六七八九十合计统分人签 名得分得 分阅卷人（一）Translate the words into Chinese or English（共36题，每题0.5分，共18分）1. 胆囊炎2. 十二指肠3. Ulcer4. Reticulocyte5. Pancytopenia6. Hemophilia7. 嗜碱粒细胞8. 淋巴细胞9. 球蛋白10. Appendicitis11. 肌腱12. Myofiber13. epidemic disease 14. pathology 15. tonsils 16. laryngophrynx 17. 肺18. cervix 19. gestation 20. caesarian birth 21. 子宫共 2页，第1页22. prostatectomy 23. 抗原24. electrocardiogram25. 分子生物学 molecular biology26. 新陈代谢 metabolism27. epiphysis 骨骺28. 染色质 chromatin 29. 巨噬细胞 macrophage 30. 成骨细胞 osteoblast 31. osteoporosis 骨质疏松32. 软骨肉瘤 chondrosarcoma33. myocardium 心肌34. atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化35. arrhythmia 心律失常36. 心内膜炎 endocarditis（二）Put the following words or phrases into the following sentences（30points）organisms oxygen alveoli liver pancreas esophagus rectum pancreatitis chromosome gallbladder erythrocytes bacteria leukocytes (platelets/thrombocytes) Anemia capillaries (carbon dioxide) zygote skin atrioventricular evaporation striated reproductive osteoblasts (venae cavae) cartilage homeostasis ribosomes muscles skeletal aorta 1. Three important accessory organs of the digestive system are _, _ and _.2. _ is a long muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach.3. _ serves as a reservoir for feces.4. _ is either an acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas.5. Formed elements of blood include _, _, and _.6. _ is defined as a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.7. In the lungs, _are surrounded by a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries; oxygen form the lungs passes into these _for distribution to tissue cells.8. All living animals must take in _and get rid of _.9. At the time of_, the nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse, restoring the _number of 46 and forming a _.10. The _ and mucous membranes covering the body or lining its openings offer considerable resistance to invasion by _ and other infectious _. 11. The body temperature can be lowered by _of sweat from the skin. evaporation12. _ muscle can be consciously controlled and therefore is called voluntary muscle .striated13. The male _ system is responsible for producing, transporting and maintaining viable sperm. reproductive14. The cells believed to be responsible for the resorption of bone tissue are called _. Osteoclasts15. The _ valves lie between atrium and ventricle in each half of the heart. atrioventricular 16. An infants skeleton is made of _ that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. cartilage17. Body systems work together to maintain the bodys state of internal stability called _. homeostasis 18. Located along the endoplasmic reticulum as well as elsewhere in the cytoplasm are numerous _, which are responsible for the manufacture of proteins. ribosomes 19. The function of _ system is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for _ that move the body. skeletal muscles 20. The largest artery, the _, is about 1 inch in diameter and has the thickest walls. aorta 21. Blood returning from tissues other than the lungs returns to the heart by way of the _. venae cavae （三）Translation（Choose four paragraphs translated into Chinese, 52points）1. Upper GI bleeding, which occurs proximal to the ligament of Treitz, accounts for approximately 5 0% of hospitalizations for GI bleeding. Upper GI bleeding usually presents as either hematemesis (vomiting of blood or coffee-ground material) or melena (black, tarry stool), but about 15 to 20% of patients who present with hematochezia, which is passage of red blood or clots per rectum, have an upper GI source of brisk bleeding. The most common causes are peptic ulcer disease, esophageal or gastric varices, and erosive esophagitis. Other causes of severe upper GI bleeding include tumors, vascular ectasias, Mallory-Weiss tears, and erosions. Depending on the severity of bleeding, patients may otherwise be asymptomatic, may present with fatigue or dizziness, or may have hypovolemic shock.2. Appendicitis occurs in all age group, but is most common between the ages of 5 and 30. Symptoms typically begin with discomfort in the navel area that shifts into a steady, sharp pain in the lower right abdomen. A lower-grade fever may be present along with nauseated vomiting and loss of appetite. An inflamed appendix is usually surgically removed-delay in treatment may cause the appendix to rupture, resulting peritonitis (infection of the abdominal cavity). This is a potentially life-threatening complication that requires intensive antibiotic therapy.3. The bodys second line of defense is in the blood and lymph. Certain white blood cells flock to infected areas and try to localize the infection by forming pus-filled abscesses. Unless the abscess breaks and allows the pus to drain, the infection is likely to spread. When this happens, the infection is first blocked by local lymph glands. For example, an infection in the hand travels up the arm, producing red streaks and swollen, tender lymph glands in the armpit. Unless the infection is brought under control, it will result in blood poisoning.4. The two lungs are not quite mirror images of each other. The right lung, which is the slightly larger of the two, is divided into three lobes, or divisions, and the left lung is divided into two lobes. It is possible for one lobe of the lung to be removed without damage to the rest, which can continue to function normally. The uppermost part of the lung is called the apex, and the lower area is the base. The hilum of the lung is the midline region where blood vessels, nerves, and bronchial tubes enter and exit the organ.5. Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) most commonly occurs in the growth region of a bone, especially around the knee. This is highly malignant tumor that often requires amputation. It most commonly metastasize to the lungs. Chondrosarcoma usually appears in midlife. As the name implies, this tumor arises in cartilage. It most frequently metastasize to the lungs and may require amputation. In case of malignant bone tumors, early removal is important to prevent metastasis. Signs of bone tumors are pain, easy fracture, and increases in serum and alkaline phosphatase. Aside from primary tumors, neoplasms at other sites often metastasize to bone, most commonly to the spine.骨源性骨肉瘤（骨肉瘤）最常发生于骨的生长区域，特别是膝盖周围。这是一种高度恶性的肿瘤，常常需要截肢治疗。它最常见转移至肺部。软骨肉瘤通常发生于中年人。如其名所示，这种肿瘤起源于软骨。常转移到肺，可能需要截肢手术。一旦发生恶性骨肿瘤，及早外科手术对防止转移十分重要。骨肿瘤表现为疼痛、易骨折、血清中钙、碱性磷酸酶含量