新托福写作考题.doc

新托福写作考题回顾考试日期：2011.3.13Task 1INTEGRAED巴比伦空中花园是否存在阅读里面说巴比伦空中花园确实存在：1. 有很多历史学家对这个空中花园有记录，且记录一致；2. 巴比伦老国王建了很多建筑，所以建这个花园是可以理解的；3. 18世纪的时候德国考古学家发现了空中花园的残骸，和describe中描述的一样。Lecture认为巴比伦空中花园并不存在：1. 那些历史学家没去过巴比伦，当地的历史学家没有提过这个空中花园的detail，甚至没有提过这个花园，所以这些记录is not based on personal experience；2. 巴比伦可用的建筑材料是clay，但是不适合建空中花园，容易被水给erode，适合的材料很难找；3. 虽然遗迹存在，但是离水源很远，专门运输水几乎是不可能的，所以建造起来有技术难度。话题类别教育类考题文字：Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores.What is your opinion?本次写作考试点评：本次新托福考试完全重复2009.9.12大陆考题。独立作文讨论主题属于家庭教育类范畴，探讨孩子究竟应该把时间花在学习和娱乐上，还是帮家长做家务上。考生可以从两面分别进行分析，结论既可以选择一方，也可以两者做结合。综合作文观点比较清晰，内容也较容易。考试日期：2011.03.13是否重复完全重复2009.9.12大陆题号内容Question 1Which technology has made the greatest impact on peoples life in your country? Airplane, computer or television. Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Question 2Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better for children to grow up in small towns or rural areas. What is your opinion and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Question 3Reading partListening part【建议】：The university is considering moving the student theater center from campus to the nearby downtown。好处1、downtown theater has a larger space，and it can contain more audiences.好处2、the new theater will have better technical facilities, so that students can get better light and sound while they are appreciating performances.【学生态度】：男学生反对。理由1、audiences in the downtown theater are mainly students. It is quite inconvenient for them to drive for 20 min to get there to see performances，so few of them would like to go to the new theater.理由2、the facilities in school theater are quite basic and easy to operate。However, students are not professional and well-trained, and the facilities in downtown theater will be too complex for students to operate。So, students might end up with worse lights and sounds than what they have now. So, better facilities are not necessary.Question：Explain their opinion and why he holds that opinion.Question 4Reading partListening part【名词解释】：Adaptive reuse: architects can reconstruct abandoned yet historical buildings and make them adjust to some new purposes。【教授举例】：The professor once worked in an architecture company. He and his colleague once changed an abandoned chocolate factory into a concert hall. The chocolate factory had several features：1st, its beautiful appearance can attract audiences. 2nd, it had a super high ceiling，which can hence the sound of music. 3rd, it was spacious, so it can hold a great stage and a large number of seats and audiences。4th, audiences can joy beautiful view of the whole city through its big windows while they are listening to music. Question：用听力的例子来解释对这个概念的理解。Question 5【学生困难】：女生took 6 classes this semester and she was selected to the womens basketball team。平时篮球训练占用了她太多的学习时间。【解决方案】：女生自己说出方案1：to quit the basketball team, since it takes too much time。男生说她got in the team after several times of application，放弃了很shameful。男生说出方案2：to drop some classes which are not so important。反正也不是required classes。但女生说good scores in extra classes may make her competitive to attend a graduate school。Question 6【讲课要点】：2 stages of childrens social development in playing：Stage 1：associative play：if some three to four years old children play together with same material，they think and behavior in different ways。For example , while some 3-4 years children are playing blocks together，little Johnny may use blocks to build a car and little Mary may use blocks to build an airplane。Stage 2：cooperative play：if some four to six years old children play together with the same material，they start to cooperate。For example , while some 4-6 years children are playing blocks together，they may create a house together。They may discuss about how it should look like, how many rooms it should have and how the roof should look like。关于children play和social development的关系。（1）1st stage：3-4岁，表面上一起玩，但实际上各干各的。比如都在玩blocks，但修建的是不同的东西。（2）2nd stage：5-6岁，在一起玩，又相互交流。比如在一起用blocks修房子。这个阶段学会teamwork和cooperation。考试日期2011.03.13（重复2009.9.12大陆考题）是否加考有场景话题内容描述考题回忆Listening 1一个男生想宣传他们新成立的club，找负责此事的女士要表格，在校园里set up a booth。有说到那个guy来的目的，对话有点绕，那个男的先说要开一个dinner party，但先要让更多人知道他们这个club的存在，所以要印一些flyers，不过要先设个摊位宣传。他们的club刚成立不久，因此符合print service的优惠。Listening 2关于牛仔裤生产过程中的fabric enzyme。先用人体中的酶打比方，比如消化系统里的，然后引入。后面讲很多人穿faded jeans, 就开始介绍这种jeans是怎么做的。刚开始使用一种stone来洗牛仔裤，结果有两个缺点，一是牛仔裤会洗烂；二是waste water。后来用acid，但也有几点缺点：1. 对工人有害；2. pollution, 导致工厂被罚（有题）；3. waste water。再后来用了一种酶，问题就解决了，说它能破坏纤维结构而且还没有污染。Listening 3关于giant kelp，一种海藻。先和陆地上的热带雨林作了对比，说其对海洋的生态系统很重要。近来受到厄尔尼诺的影响数量逐渐减少，因为是暖流，水下翻上来的nutrients减少，kelp就没营养了。而且在加州沿岸，过渡捕捞了一种叫shiphead的鱼，这种鱼吃另一种小鱼，小鱼吃这个kelp海藻。过渡捕捞shiphead导致那种小鱼大量繁殖，吃了很多海藻，因此海藻受到破坏。Listening 4一个男生本来学的是politics，上了一节history课后，对历史突然产生了兴趣，因为此课不光讲那些fact, but beyond the book，有时候会说很多关于common people but not only leader, 这就会让人关注历史问题产生的原因（how）而不仅是内容（what）（有题）。女教授建议他修双学位，男生说担心毕业论文要写两篇以及时间不够，但最担心的还是时间（有题）。教授说上学期男生修他的课时做得很好，时间应该不成问题，而且到时候可以只写一篇涵盖两边学科内容的文章，但是要写的更好，更有内涵更复杂（有题）。从以前这个男生交给教授的文章来看，他完全有能力来写这样一篇文章（有题）。Listening 5关于动物的行为。讲的是关于ant的teach。先定义了一下teaching：一是要教的动物要在被教的动物面前改变自己的行为；二是被教的动物要学会新的技能。蚂蚁在觅食的时候，一只蚂蚁在前面带路，一只蚂蚁在后面跟着，前面的蚂蚁会根据后面蚂蚁的速度调整自己的速度（符合teaching的第一点）。在觅食的过程中，蚂蚁还会尝试其他路，可能还会找到更近的路（符合第二点）。不过教授说蚂蚁这样到底算不算是teaching还有争议。因为一个跟着一个有可能是为了远离捕食者，并讲了作为学生的蚂蚁，在回家的时候，可能不按师傅的path走，会走一条新路，那这是不是一种new skill呢？这里问了教授态度。后面还说了动物界遇到危险，有alarm call（有题）。Listening 6关于marketingstrategy。以前用zip code，举了个例子。后来用非常详细的computer database来确定potential customers的范围。还跟政府选举时候选人的策略作了对比。*Listening 7有个MM掉了钱包，里面有她student ID& meal card & key等东西，她就去那个地方想要补办ID。门口的管理员不让她进去，因为这个地方只有持student ID的人才可以进去，后来她说她的ID掉了人家叫她来这里补办。管理员问她是否有passport, MM说她的passport在宿舍，但是她的钥匙掉了。（有题目，问她为什么拿不到passport?）管理员又说了：哦，那你等等，我发个邮件去问问，之后就问她是不是记得ID号，MM就把ID号给了他，他说OK你可以进去了，但是你会受到监视。MM又说了：她的meal card也掉了。管理员说：你在里面办ID的时候也可以顺便办理meal card。MM说：你真的是帮了我很大的忙啊！管理员：if you have some other problems, I am glad to help you. MM说：you help! （降调的）（有考到态度题，问MM为什么这么说？记得两选项:1. MM怀疑这个管理员是不是能帮他. 2. MM在解决了所有的问题之后如释重负）*Listening 8Lecture神经胶质细胞研究。教授说早期对人类大脑的研究集中在神经细胞neuron，让一男生起来回答上节课的主要内容，男生说生物电，生物电bioelectricity 通过神经细胞传导，通过两个神经细胞的接触点传到下一个细胞，有趣的是.说到这里被教授打断，说他答得已经很完整了（有题，问教授打断他的用意）。神经胶质细胞glial cells的作用在早期被忽视了，人们认为胶质细胞只有支持神经细胞的作用。后来人们发现胶质细胞也有传导信息的作用，不是通过生物电，而是化学物质传导。总共有三种传导方式，神经细胞间，胶质细胞间，神经和胶质细胞互相传导。而且发现胶质细胞的数量极其巨大，远多于神经细胞。同时还可能修复神经细胞，决定哪些神经长的大。教授又说，胶质细胞可能与智力有关，越多智商越高，但这不确定。教授说对胶质细胞的研究是一个很open up的领域，建议学生们可以考虑毕业后作深入研究（有题）。*Listening 9主要讲了18-19世纪英国浪漫主义(Romanticism)诗歌的代表人物Wardsworth的诗。他是浪漫主义的鼻祖，但浪漫主义这个称谓是后人加上的，不是他们本身这样称呼自己的（有题）。Romanticism不是我们平时理解的romance，和男女之间的爱情无关。Romanticism针对的是common people而不是少数educated people，用的是simple language，描述的是日常生活中常见的事物，孩子，人类情感，以及自然和人类之间的互动。教授以自己为例，说自己在散步时感受到了这种互动（有题）。与romanticism针锋相对的一种风格是neoclassicism新古典主义，也是那位romanticism的鼻祖很反对的。neoclassicism使用太多的elaboration，如sky不叫sky，而叫blue什么的；bird不叫bird，而叫feathered person。教授把该诗人的作品分为三个阶段。早期的浪漫主义作品，主要描述植物（花与草）的诗歌。中期是对一些社会现象的评论。后期是对早期的作品进行修改。目前文学界还是认为它早期的作品是最好的。（教授还说，他的诗越写到后来越糟糕，反而早期的比较好，本文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗）。考试日期2011.03.13Passage 1Title:Jupiter大致内容第一段：Jupiter有个卫星叫Lo，它和Jupiter的其他moon不一样，上面有很多火山，所以比较没有坑坑洼洼（因为岩浆填平了，有题）。第二段：Jupiter的gravity使它产生很多iron之类的东西，形成一个环，干扰Jupiter。第三四段：Jupiter有火山，温度低但是可以爆发，因为Jupiter的gravity和它的自转，以及一个叫Europa的卫星的影响，使它的轨道变成轻微的椭圆（有题），产生bulge，拉扯生热，所以爆发火山。Passage 2Title:动物调节体温大致内容第一段说动物能调节体温。第二段介绍cold blood 和warm blood的动物分别是如何调节的。第三段说动物如何应对低于它们temperature range下限的气温，例子举了几个北极的动物。有几种方法保持体温，有hair等（有题）。好像还提到阿拉斯加的犬，它身体不同部分的critical temperature 不同，比如脚掌0。第四段写动物如何应对高于他们体温上限的气温，说可以靠蒸发，但是因为会脱水，所以干旱地区的动物有别的方法，举了一些Arizona desert中的动物的例子，有rodent（有题）。最后一段说不同生物或者同种生物生活在不同地方的群落极限温度不同，有一个wood rat什么的。Passage 3Title:Visual Art大致内容关于visual art的定义的发展。（1）古希腊罗马时期，visual art是在workshop中，和liberal art分的很开，不受尊敬；（2）Renaissance的时候，visual art加入了一些geometry和arithmetic的东西，所以和liberal art靠近了。（3）18世纪时，搞艺术的既要学practical的东西，也要学theoretic的东西，所以地位一下子提升了不少。在十八世纪末的时候，形成了三种分类，fine art（包括文学、舞蹈之类），utilitarian art，和另一个类型（有题）。（4）十九世纪的时候先锋艺术出现了。点评：本次新托福考试完全重复2009.9.12大陆考题。加试考题为经典加试：电报和鸟鸣。考试日期：2011.3.12Task 1INTEGRAED阅读材料观点：金字塔用水泥建理由：1.有长颈瓶long-neck vases，不可能用石头做，只能用水泥；2. bubbles在石头sample中发现，证明用水泥；3. moister在金字塔里面much higher level than Egyptian dry climate，所以是水泥。听力逐一反驳：1.长颈瓶long-neck vases可以用pieces of stone than glue together；2. bubbles证明水泥的存在，但可能是other civilization repair时候留下的， 例子：罗马人修复金字塔，那时已经掌握水泥技术了；3. moister可能是thousands of people visiting留下的。人的呼吸会有大量水汽呼出，the walls of the monumental pyramids are very thick and moisture stay trapped.话题类别社会类考题文字：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should buy things made in their own country, even the price is higher than same things made somewhere else.本次写作考试点评：本次作文重复了09年12月4日的北美考题。独立作文是对国民是否购买国产物品的讨论，考生可以从两面进行分析和总结。综合作文观点比较清晰，内容也较容易。考试日期：2011.03.12是否重复09.12.04北美题号内容Question 1Describe a person youd like to learn more. Explain what youd like to know more about this person. Question 2Do you like to go to the same place for your vacation or different places and spend little time at each place for your vacation? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. Question 3Reading partListening partA proposal from a student to the school newspaper advises that students should be allowed to use cell phone in the library for two reasons.The first is that library should be quiet. If students talk with lower voices or whisper, they cannot be heard, so they have to talk loudly and make noise, which cause distraction to other students. So she feels it is not right to accept this advice.Second, if students expect emergency calls, they can go out to check the message, normal, and urgent calls will be delivered by messages.Question：Explain the womans opinion and why she holds that opinion.Question 4Reading partListening partThe reading passage introduces a definition, test costumers, who are hired by employers to evaluate the employees performance during work, usually; they pretend to be normal customers.The professor takes one of his friends as an example to explain this definition.The example A restaurant manager wants to observe how well the waiters do. She watched by herself, but it was successful, because people who are absorbed will behave better than usual. So she hired a man who pretended to be a normal customer in the restaurant, and asked a waitress some questions. Then presorted to the manager later about whether she is friendly and polite.Based on the above example, the professor demonstrates the concept /idea about test customer.Question：用听力的例子来解释经理如何雇用顾客来评估员工的真正工作表现。Question 5【学生困难】：The man wants to go to a trip with the French club, but he does not have money to buy a ticket.【解决方案】：First, he can work for extra hours in a restaurant to earn money for the ticket. However, the man has to study for his exam next week, he must be very busy.Second, he can sell his guitar to a student, but that is a nice guitar and the man likes it very much.【问题】：Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why. Question 6【讲课要点】：In this lecture, the professor talks about two types of feather to protect the loon birds in cold water.The first type is the surface feather, which is the outer layer of the birds body. This type of feather is packed tightly and oily which prevents the water going into the body and keeps the birds dry.The second type is the down feather, which keeps birds warm. It is dense and thick and is made of soft fluffy material. So it prevents the heat loosing for the body.考试日期：2011.03.12是否重复09.12.04北美题号内容Question 1Describe a person youd like to learn more. Explain what youd like to know more about this person. Question 2Do you like to go to the same place for your vacation or different places and spend little time at each place for your vacation? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. Question 3Reading partListening partA proposal from a student to the school newspaper advises that students should be allowed to use cell phone in the library for two reasons.The first is that library should be quiet. If students talk with lower voices or whisper, they cannot be heard, so they have to talk loudly and make noise, which cause distraction to other students. So she feels it is not right to accept this advice.Second, if students expect emergency calls, they can go out to check the message, normal, and urgent calls will be delivered by messages.Question：Explain the womans opinion and why she holds that opinion.Question 4Reading partListening partThe reading passage introduces a definition, test costumers, who are hired by employers to evaluate the employees performance during work, usually; they pretend to be normal customers.The professor takes one of his friends as an example to explain this definition.The example A restaurant manager wants to observe how well the waiters do. She watched by herself, but it was successful, because people who are absorbed will behave better than usual. So she hired a man who pretended to be a normal customer in the restaurant, and asked a waitress some questions. Then presorted to the manager later about whether she is friendly and polite.Based on the above example, the professor demonstrates the concept /idea about test customer.Question：用听力的例子来解释经理如何雇用顾客来评估员工的真正工作表现。Question 5【学生困难】：The man wants to go to a trip with the French club, but he does not have money to buy a ticket.【解决方案】：First, he can work for extra hours in a restaurant to earn money for the ticket. However, the man has to study for his exam next week, he must be very busy.Second, he can sell his guitar to a student, but that is a nice guitar and the man likes it very much.【问题】：Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why. Question 6【讲课要点】：In this lecture, the professor talks about two types of feather to protect the loon birds in cold water.The first type is the surface feather, which is the outer layer of the birds body. This type of feather is packed tightly and oily which prevents the water going into the body and keeps the birds dry.The second type is the down feather, which keeps birds warm. It is dense and thick and is made of soft fluffy material. So it prevents the heat loosing for the body.考试日期2011.03.12（同北美2009.12.04）是否加考有场景话题内容描述考题回忆Listening 1男学生Paul m*去student centre办事处，他一开始说，因为traffic的原因，迟到了不好意思。女员工就说没关系，她吃饭回来也碰到了traffic问题（应该是堵车），这有重听题。重复了女员工说她吃饭回来因为traffic的问题弄得stomach很不舒服，问这话什么意思呢？（还是问语气，有些忘了）然后女员工说，你是Paul吗？她就一直介绍说在学生办事处working的情况。然后女员工发现她找错人了，她在等一个student who supposes to be there 15minutes ago，this student 也叫Paul。（大家貌似都笑了）然后Paul说来着的目的是French *club预定教室。有题，问去的目的？答案是：reserve a room for French * club。女员工check以后发现unavailable了！suggest他用另一个教室，也是near the river，give a view to *，这有双选题，问这room的具备的条件，男学生同意就book了！补充细节，在确定换新地方以后，这个工作人员告诉他，1，他要return the assign 表；2，要把客人的名单给security看，要不然保安不让他进。1，第一道题目：why does the woman say she that she was also late after the lunch ,because of traffic jams. 答案有， A show sympathy to the man. B she wants to apologize, C, she want to say that she was in a hurry. D 也是有apologize的。2，为什么说这个女的会认错人。选两个。1，因为两个人的名字都叫做PAUL。2，因为她刚好也在等人3，为什么要换房子。答案，not available.4，新房子有什么好处？1，可以看到好风景，2，不用担心天气。5，what will the student return at the end of the week，选择有assign 表，还有是guest 的名单。Listening 2A lecture about Architecturebr*的一个东西（电脑有显示英文）说这个东西通常被认为是.* 但是其实对modern furniture的design也有影响,有题讲了一个German的建筑师, 他后来去了Harvest Uni 做领导职位, 提到了I. M. PEI （全称Leoh Ming Pei ，贝聿铭，美籍华人建筑师,获得了诺贝尔奖！），说 student proud of *（不确定是不是proud of I.M.PEI) 有题问I. M . PEI和这个German建筑师的relationship。之后说German设计师设计了一个建筑In New York和其他一些建筑在别地. 他向学校申请了Land & money to build his own house. 教授说如果这个house是完全的体现了他的建筑设计风格, 建房子时考虑了关于sunlight，风向，还有塑料的使用。有一判断题，lecture里什么是modern architecture 什么不是。补充，这个建筑师不希望学习之前的古典的建筑方法，他强调function 和实用性。1，提到的那个I.M. Pie的人是那个德国建筑师G的什么人。（选项有学生，同事）2，下面那些是德国建筑师的风格？表格题目，我选了中间2个是，外面2个不是。3，他新建筑的房子是怎样的？（最能体现他的风格。）Listening 3先提到了Einstein的一个四维理论，说一维line，二是平面，三是立体，再是 time，然后教授问大家认为可以travel to the future? yes. 然后很多fiction novels都有这个题材的. 有题，问为什么提到fiction novel？. 然后说因为speed of *（maybe is time or light）非常快，所以如果要travel to the future，就必须要赶上这个速度，有可能做到的比如是：spaceship，然后教授举个例子说女生是否要Marry还是她的名字叫Marry, 然后说如果她如果在spaceship上时间也是24hours, 不会有任何变化，但是如果她要传送information给我们，我们接受到的就有变化了（有听到说声音会slow down或者变得fast）这里有题，就问在spaceship上有什么情况？Listening 4教授想找女学生帮个忙，就是带学生visit他们校园，但是这个女学生要给仲夏夜之梦这个剧当导演，她很兴奋，觉得机会难得。所以女学生不确定有没有时间有题。她说到这个理由的时候，教授没有打断，反而让她多说说这个。等她说完这个之后，教授就说，其中新生里面（她将要导游的人里面）有个工作在剧院的，大概意思就是说女生可以跟那个剧院工作的人多沟通。（从侧面说服女的去做导游。）1，what will the professor ask the woman to do? 答案是让她当导游2，问今年的professor和以往的有什么不同（他身兼两个职务。）3，问今年的guide和以往有什么不同。（是人多还是人少。）4，为什么教授要提到一个在theater工作的人？Listening 5Biology: the Boding Behavior.一些鸟类在面临predator时候，会表现出boding behavior。它们会把predator（女教授以蛇为例）围起来，上前移动扑腾扑腾吓唬蛇，还吱吱的叫。然后就撤回去，再上来，再撤。女教授说为什么会有这样的行为呢？老师说了两种假设：吓唬蛇在雌鸟面前炫耀，吸引它们来mate。下面有提到怎么证明下那种理论对。人们就放着一只鸟让其与蛇单挑，看看结果如何，结果是在没有雌鸟的情况下，那只鸟还是很勇猛的吓唬人家，就否了第二假设。描述单挑的那一段，大家要仔细听，有题问道：怎么能看出这只鸟离其他伙伴很远（far away）Listening 6archeology class说的是一个关于古代工艺制造的。人们发现了很久很久以前的一个史前古器物，说电池最早的发明。先由男的再回答女教授举例问题的时候说到了电池，接着女教授就按照电池展开。（类似于我们高中