《英语语言学》练习测试题及参考答案（本科）.doc

英语语言学练习测试题及参考答案 本科I. Tick off the correct or the best possible answers: 1. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called _.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: B2. The _ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas. A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3. From a functional approach, the _ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: A4. When ing in gangling is removed to get a verb gangle, we call this way of creating words _.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5. _ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6. As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called _.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7. When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as _.A. intonationB. toneC. phoneme D. sentence stressKey: A8. _ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of sound C. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9. Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the _ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-Tibetan C. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10. A _ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11. All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_.A. hyponymsB. compounds C. blends D. allomorphsKey: B12. The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _.A. concordB. government C. recursivenessD. cohesion Key: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _. A. blendingB. clipping C. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of linguistic potential and actual linguistic behavior is proposed by _.A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. J. Austin Key: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotative C. collectiveD. stylistic Key: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationshipcontinually categorized as “_”.A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourse C. field of discourseD. idiolect Key: A17. According to words structures, Turkish is a typical _ language.A. isolatingB. fusional C. analyticD. agglutinative Key: D18. _ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary acts C. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairs Key: D19. The relation between “dead” and “alive” is labeled as _.A. gradabilityB. complementarity C. hyponymyD. homonymy Key: B20. The words “encore” and “au pair ” are loanwords from _.A. FrenchB. German C. ItalianD. Spanish Key: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by_.a. N. Chomsky b. F. de Saussure c. M. A. Halliday d. J. AustinKey: b22. Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language?a. native English wordsb. borrowed words c. echoic words d. one-syllable wordsKey: c23. Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone s?a. voiceless b. oral c. alveolar d. lateralKey: d24. In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants f, v are _.a. dentalb. alveolarc. palatald. labiodentalKey: d25. In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds p, b, t, d, k, g are _.a. affricatesb. fricativesc. bilabiald. oral stopsKey: d26. Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct?a. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeb. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.c. Allophones distinguish meaning. d. Allophones are language specific.Key: c27. Which of the following words is not a free morpheme?a. ableb. petc. changed. dustyKey: d28. How many morphemes are there in the word discharged?a. 2b. 3c. 4d. 5Key: b29. Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?a. happinessb. televisionc. ecologyd. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_.a. interchangeabilityb. productivity c. cultural transmission d. arbitrarinessKey: c31. The famous quotation from Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates _.A. the conventional nature of language B. the creative nature of language C. the universality of language D. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32. Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbkKey: A33. The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _ formula “SNP VP”.A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. verticalKey: B34. It is the _ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other. A. Case Condition B. Case ParameterC. Adjacent Condition D. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _ meaning.A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _. A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declarativesKey: A37. The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _, and kin term.A. title+first name B. title+title C. title alone D. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech,” and speech as “_”. A. vocal thought B. subvocal thought C. covert thought D. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition? A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation. B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings. C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language. D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words “kowtow” and “tea ” are loanwords from _.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A44. According to words structures, Latin is a typical _ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between “animal” and “lamb” is labeled as _.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C 46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called_. A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrariness Key: D 47. The_ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer. A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A 48. The _ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment. A. associative B. affective C. stylistic D. collocativeKey: D49. When or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words _.A. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymy Key: 50. The relation between “rose” and “flower” is labeled as _. A. gradabilityB. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: C 51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by _. A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrariness Key: C 52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _ function. A. directive B. informative C. interrogative D. expressive 53. The description of a language at some point in time is a _ study. A. diachronic B. synchronic C. descriptive D. prescriptive Key: B 54. The distinction between “competence” and “performance” was made by_ .A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. L. BloomfieldKey: A 55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as t, l, andz can be labeled as _ ones. A. dental B. bilabial C. velar D. alveolar Key: D 56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word “internationalism” should be regarded as a _ . A. root B. stem C. prefix D. suffixKey: B 57. Words such as “telex” and “workfare” are created through _. A. affixation B. compounding C. conversion D. blending Key: D 58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as “John is a student.” belongs to _construction. A. endocentric B. exocentric C. coordinate D. subordinate Key: B 59. The sense relationship between “male” and “female” is _. A. complementarity B. gradability C. relational opposites D. hyponymy Key: A 60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing_ meaning. A. sentence B. lexical C. grammatical D. utterance Key: BII. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)?1. A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment in strict sense, but an utterance can be a word or a fragment of a sentence. T/FKey: T2. It doesnt make sense to ask what language a sentence belongs to. T/FKey: F3. A stem first of all refers to any morpheme or combination of morphemes, but an affix can be added to it. T/FKey: T4. Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the objective world. T/FKey: F5. In most cases, lexicon means vocabulary and is related to the analysis and creation of words, idioms and collocations. T/FKey: T6. The use of the term implicature is different from implication in that it usually indicates a rather narrowly defined logical relationship between two propositions. T/FKey: F7. A phrase means two or more words in sequence, intended to have meaning, that form a syntactic unit that is less than a complete sentence. It is actually synonymous with word group. T/FKey: F8. Collocation is a term in lexicology used by some linguists to refer to the habitual co-occurrences of individual lexical items, or collocates. This relation of co-occurrence usually cannot be accounted for. T/FKey: T9. In order to understand how conversational principles work, we may consider how each maxim actually works and how people observe these maxims in daily communication. T/FKey: T10. Syntax studies the rules which govern the ways words, word groups and phrases are combined to make grammatical sentences in a language, i.e. it deals with the relationships between elements in sentence structures. T/FKey: T11. Even in modern society, the primary medium is sound for all languages, and the fact that children acquire spoken language first before they can read or write also indicates that language is primarily vocal.Key: T12. The defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication are termed design features.Key: T13. There are other channels, besides language, for communicating our thoughts, so language is only one aspect of semiotics. Key: T14. Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, written language as secondary.Key: T15. Descriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules for correct language use, i.e., to tell people what they should say and what should not say.Key: F16. Phonology is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and their patterns.Key: F17. The case category is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence.Key: T18. Language is genetically transmitted.Key: F19. The grammar taught today to language learners is still basically descriptive.Key: F20. All the sounds produced by human are speech sounds.Key: F21. Generally speaking, pragmatics can be understood as a branch of linguistic study that deals with the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and the effects of our choice on others.Key: T22. f, v, s, z, and are all fricative in English, but and are alveolar while f and v are dental.Key: F23. In most cases, sentence is synonymous with utterance.Key: F24. Syntax exclusively deals with the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure, and it has nothing to do with exploring the syntactic relation beyond sentence boundary.Key: F25. The London School proposed a functional approach towards the concept of phoneme, and N. Trubetzkoy made the greatest contribution to the related study.Key: F26. A phoneme in a language is a distinctive sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another.Key: T27. Every language is part of a culture, and it cannot but serve and reflect cultural needs.Key: T28. Sentence can be extended either by conjoining or embedding, and a construction where constituents have been linked through the use of conjunction indicates a paratactic relation.Key: F29. Both Chinese and English are tone languages.Key: F30. Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.Key: F31. Derivation changes always result in change of the word class of the original words.Key: T32. Pitch variations may be distinctive like phonemes, and in this function they are called tones. Languages using tones, like Chinese, are called tone language.Key: T33. The notion of inflection just indicates the manifestation of grammatical relationships, rather than lexical ones, through the addition of inflectional affixes.Key: T34. The same morpheme always takes different forms in different contexts.Key: T35. According to P. Grice, whether a speaker follows or violates the Maxims of the Cooperative Principle, he produces some implicature, i.e. a kind of extra meaning that is not contained in the utterance. Key: T36. In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form. T/FKey: F37.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension. T/FKey: T38.A compound is the combination of only two words. T/FKey: F39.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category. T/FKey: T40.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. T/FKey: F41.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. T/FKey: T