英语写作常用句型.doc

英语写作常用句型什么样的作文才是优秀作文呢？高分段的作文和低分段的作文到底区别在哪里呢？根据全国大学英语四、六级考试写作部分的阅卷精神，要判为高分（14分）的作文，除满足切题、表达思想清楚、文字通顺、基本上无语言错误等要求外，还必须有“闪光点”。所谓的“闪光点”是指文中的某些句子漂亮、地道，能体现考生较高的驾驭语言的能力。由于现阶段我国以培养学生能力为主的语言教学尚处于起步阶段，外语学习环境还有待改善，因此，要在短期提高学生的写作能力必须有一定的技巧。本章所编写的英语写作常用句型是给学生输入大量惯用的经典、地道的英语句子，供学生模仿和学用。众所周知，语言学习的过程本身就是一个模仿的过程这里所罗列的几百个句型包括了大学英语和研究生英语入学考试题型和文体。考生在熟悉这些句型后，考试时就能信手拈来，为己所用，写出有“闪光点”、句式有变化的高分作文。7.1文章开头常用句型 万事开头难，写作也莫不如此。正如英语谚语所说，好的开端等于成功的一半（a good beginning is half-done）。加之在阅卷时，文章的开头就是你给阅卷老师的第一印象，因此，掌握好文章开头的技巧显得十分重要。7.1.1说明现象的常用句型 任何事物的发生与发展都属于某种社会现象或倾向。文章开头时直截了当的提出这种现象，然后进行说明或评论。这种开头方法开门见山，使读者一目了然 。 (1) recently the phenomenon ( problem , issue ) of has aroused considerable concern .（近来，现象/问题已引起了） (2) recently the phenomenon ( question ,problem ) of has been brought to public attention.(3) one of the pressing (biggest) problems facing our society today is (4) one of the hottest topics (most serious problem, most popular things) many people talk about now is(5) here and there across the country, a(n) increasing number of(6) with the development of science and tachnology, more and more (7) nowadays (currently/, recently), there is a growing tendency that (8) in the past few years, there has been a dramatic growth (decline) in(9) whenever you see (find) ,you cannot help being astonished ( surprised) by （每当你看到/发现，你会不禁为感到惊讶不已。）7.1.2阐述对立观点的常用句型 在写作中，当作者要对某个问题提出自己的观点看法时，一般常在文章开头引出人们对所给出问题的不同看法。这种开头方法常用于对某个问题进行争论的议论文体。 (1)when asked about , the vast majority of people think (believe, say) that ;but other people think (believe, regard, say) that （当问及的时候，绝大多数人认为/说。但也有人认为/说） (2)when it comes to , some people think (believe) that; others argue (claim) that the opposite is true. there is probably some truth in both statement, but（当谈到时，有些人认为/相信；另一些人却持相反的观点。这两种观点也许都有点道理，但是） (3)there is a much controversy (discussion) nowadays about the problem (issue) of those who criticize (oppose, object to) argue that they believe thatbut people who favor (advocate), on the other hand, claim (assert) that（现在围绕问题正展开热烈的争论/讨论。那些批评/反对的人认为；另一方面，那些赞同/提倡这个的人却认为） (4)these days we often hear aboutthey claim (argue, say) thatbut is it true? close analysis (examination) doesnt bear out the claim (argument) .（最近，我们经常听到关于他们声称。果真如此吗？仔细分析一下，就证明这种观点站不住脚。 (5)now a lot of people believe thatbut although, there is no (little) evidence that（现在许多人都认为尽管，却没有证据表明）7.1.3用引用法开头的常用句型在写作中，所谓的引用就是用人们熟悉的名人名言，常用的谚语、习语、警句等作为文章的开头。这样的开头既生动、富有哲理，又一下子点明了文章的主题，能起到引人入胜的效果。(1)one of the great men (writers, philosophers, scientists) once said (remarked) that if this is the case , then the present situation (view , attitude) should make us wonder whether（有一位伟人/作家/哲学家/科学家曾经说过如果是这样的话，目前的趋势/观点应使我们沉思，是否）(2) “knowledge is power ”. such is the remark made by bacon. more and more people have shared this view now.（“知识就是力量”，这是培根的名言。这个观点已为越来越多的人所接受。）(3) awareness of ignorance is the beginning of wisdom”.such is the opinion of one of the greastest men. this remark has confirmed time and time again by many historical events.（“意识到无知便是智慧的开端”，这是一位伟人的名言。这句话一次又一次地被许多历史事实所证实。）(4) “”. we are used to hearing such words like those.（“”，我们常常听到这样的说法。）(5) “”. how often we hear such complaint as this!（“”我们多么常常听到像这样的抱怨。）(6) “”.thats how one college student (citizen ,official) describe the many people have shared the experience like this.（这是一位大学生/市民/官员说起的时候的话。许多都与他/她有着同样的经历。）7.1.4用提问法开头的常用句型提问法主要用于展开讨论或对有争议性的问题发问。文章的开头用一个即将讨论或解答的问题设问，可以引起思考，唤起联想，立即把读者引入作者的讨论之中，激起读者的浓厚兴趣。(1) should (what) ? attitudes towards (opinions of) vary from person to person.some think of(regard,view) asothers argue (believe, claim) that（应不应该/是？不同的人对此有不同的态度/看法。有些人认为是；其他人却争论/认为）(2) how do you think of? in reply to this question, we must （你怎样看待？在回答这个问题时，我们必须）(3) what do you think of ? in answer to this question, we should（你认为是？要回答这个问题，我们应当）(4) “why do (have) ?”many people often ask the question like this.（为什么？许多人经常问这样的问题。）(5)what is? by my understanding, is（什么是？据我理解，是）7.1.5用于比较法开头的常用句型(1) for years, has been viewed (regarded) asbut people are taking a fresh look at it now.（多年来，被认为是。但是，现在人们正以新的眼光看待它。）(2) until recently, was seen (viewed) as however , that is changing now.（直到最近，被认为是。可是，现在这种情况正在发生变化。）(3) people used to think that in the past but things are quite different now.（在过去，人们常常认为。但现在情况却与以往很不同了。）(4) it was once thought that in the old days, but few people now share this view.（在过去，人们曾经认为。到现在几乎没有人再持有这种观点。）(5) several years ago, peoplenow people why has such a change taken place?（几年前，人们。现在，人们。为什么会发生这样的变化呢？）(6) after a good many years of efforts to , people begin to （经过多年的努力，人们开始）(6) it is a traditional many practice (way) to but now the pendulum has swung in the opposite direction.（是一个传统习惯。但现在钟摆转到反的方向去了。）(7) in recent years, there is a general tendeney to according to a study (survey, poll), there is x percent of., compared with y percent last year. why（最近几年，有一个的趋势。根据一项研究/民意调查，和去年的y%相比，今年有x%的。为什么会呢？）7.1.6 用于故事法开头的常用句型在写作中，一开始就讲述一个作者自己或他人生活中的故事，用生动而熟悉的趣事紧紧地吸引住读者，然后再引入主题。以故事法弄开首的文章常使用人们习惯的句型，或讲时间、 或谈地点 、或讲某人，与读者思路相通，感情相近。这些故事要和将要讨论的主题相关，它们可从日常生活中轻车熟路地信手。(1)some month ago (last sunday), a friend of minethe story is not rare. it is one of thousand of（几个月前/上个星期天，我的一个朋友。这个故事并不偶然，它是千百万个之一。）(2)the other day, i the case is not unusual. it is typical of（有一天，我。这个故事非偶然，它是的典型事例之一。）(3)once in a street (hospital, newspaper), i saw (learnt) the problem (phenomenon) of has aroused nationwide (public) attention (concern).（一次在街上/医院里/报纸上，我看到/了解到。这个问题/现象已引起全国范围内/公众的广泛关注。）(4)once upon a time there was a man whothe story may be unbelievable, but it still has a realistic significance today.（从前，有一个的人。这个故事也许令人难以置信，但直到今天，它仍然有现实意义。）(5)i have a friend whosuch a problem we often meet in our daily life .（我有一个朋友，他/她。在我们的日常生活中常常会遇到这样的问题。）7.1.7用于以观点法开头的常用句型文章开宗明义第一句就直接点出主题或阐明自己对某个问题的看法。这样的开头直截了当，开门见山，第一句就是全文的中心或主题。(1)nothing is more important (foolish, undesirable, essential) than which is commonly held by（没有比更重要/愚蠢/令人讨厌的了。现在普遍持有这种。）(2)nowhere in the world has the idea of been more popular than （世界上没有哪个地方比在更流行的观点了。）(3)maybe it is time to have a fresh look at the idea /attitude that（也许现在给我们以新的眼光看待的观点了。）(4)now people in increasing numbers are beginning to recognize (realize, be aware, accept) that（现在越来越多的人开始意识到/接受。）(5)now people become increasingly aware of the need (importance) of （现在人们日益意识到的需要/重要。）7.1.8以定义法开头的常用句型以定义法开头的文章，常对一种事物的本质特征或一个概念的内涵和外延作确切而简要的说明。这样，读者会逻辑地围绕定义思考下文。(1) what is ? refers to （什么是？指的是。）(2) the term “” here means that （这里，术语“”意思是。）(3) when we talk about ,most of us think that is （当我们谈论的时候，我们大多数人认为是。）7.2文章正文部分的常用句型正文部分是文章的灵魂和精髓所在，该部分写作质量的好坏与文章的得分密切相关。正文部分其实就是对文章的主题进行深化、说明、论证，用令人信服的事例、推理等各种方法来支持、阐述主题。下面列举出写作该部分常用的方法及句型。7.2.1用因果法论述的常用句型任何事物的发生与发展都不是偶然的，在它的背后一定有某种原因。同样，某种原因必然能导致一定的结果。原因和结果间并不完全一一对应，常常会出现一果多因或一因多果的情况。因果法在分析和解释某一事物，某一现象时十分常用。(1) there are probably many (several, a number of) reasons for this dramatic change in firstsecondfinally.（也许显著变化的原因有许多/好几个。第一第二第三）(2) why did (have are) ? for one thing for another perhaps the most important reason is（为什么会？首先，其次，也许最重要的原因是）(3) it is not easy to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors .for some for others （要说出该现象的理由不容易，因为这种现象涉及了好几个复杂的因素。一些；另一些）(4) you dont have to look very far to find out the reason why （找到的原因不很费力。）(5) why ? the answer to this question involves many complex factors (reasons). in the first place,in the second place,firstly,（为什么？回答这个问题要涉及到许多复杂的因素/原因。首先，；其次，；最后，）(6) a number of factors could account for (contribute to, lead to, result in) the（许多因素将说明/导致）(7) the cause forperhaps, are complicated. they includeperhaps the main cause is（的原因也许很复杂。它们包括。也许主要原因是）(8) thanks to (owing to,due to, because of, as a result of) （多亏/由于/因为）(9) not only because but alse because（不仅是因为，同时也由于）(10) one tends to regard the as a result of（人们往往把认为是的结果。）(11) is partly (solely) responsible for the （要对负部分/全部责任。）(12) there are a number of grave consequences of perhaps the most consequence is（这里有很多的严重后果。或许最严重的后果是）(13) it will exert a profound influence on（它将对产生深远的影响。）(14) the effect of has not been confined to it alse （的影响不久局限于。它也）(15) it brings some serious consequences of（它带来了一些的严重后果。）7.2.2用于比较、对照论述时常用的句型在写作中，特别是在写议论文时，常常要对两种观点或两个事物进行比较与对照，分析它们各自的优劣，然后得出令人信服的结论，做出正确的选择。(1) the advantages of a are much greater than the disadvantages a entails.（a的优点比它的缺点大得多。）(2) the advantages derived from a far outweigh the disadvantages from b.（和b相比我们从a中换取的益处更大。）(3) although a has a advantage of , it cant be compared with b in（尽管a在方面有更大的优势，但在方面却不能和b相比。）(4) when then advantage and disadvantage are compared ,the most striking conclusion is quite obvious. （当对其优、缺点进行对比时，最清楚的结论就显而易见了。）(5) a means nothing when b is taken into consideration.（当考虑到b的时候，a就没有什么意义了。）(6) indeed, a plays a more /less important role when compared with b.（的确，和b相比，a起着更重要/不很重要的作用。）(7) a may be superior to b, but it has its own problems.for one thing for another （a也许优于b，但它自身也存在问题。首先，；其次，）(8) in spite of disadvantages b has, it has its beneficial affects.（尽管b有这些劣势，但它还有其有利的方面。）(9) there is no doubt that it has both negative affects and positive affects.（毫无疑问，它既有副作用也有积极的作用。）(10) however, it is not without weaknesses (limits) .the principal one is besides, （不过，它并不是没有缺点/局限。主要的缺点/局限是。此外，）(11) a and b have several things in common .both （a和b在许多地方有共同之处。它们两者都）(12) there are some marked differences between a and b. unlike b, a（a和b之间有显著的区别。和b不同，a）(13) a and b are different in several ways .（a和b在好几个方面都有不同之处。）(14) a,on the contrary (on the other hand, whereas) b（a，相反/而b）(15) both a and b but they are quite different as to unlike b, a（a和b都。但就方面来说。它们有很大的差异。和b不同，a）7.2.3用于批评驳斥某种观点时的常用句型不破则不立。写作者要阐述自己的观点，常需要对不同的或不赞成的观点进行批驳。写作时，一般先引出要驳斥的观点，然后直接进行批驳。(1)although everyone believes that i doubt whether the argument bears much analysis.（尽管人人都认为，我怀疑这个论点是否经得住分析。）(2)although the popular belief is that , a recent study (survey, investigation) reveals that （尽管普遍认为，但最近的一项研究/调查揭示。）(3)while the tendency to is understandable, one may wonder whether is fair.（虽然的趋势是可以理解的，但人们可能会想这是否公平。）(4)although it is widely accepted that ,it is unlikely to be true that（尽管大家都认为，但却不大可能是真的。）(5)many people claim (argue) that but this claim (argument) may be questioned.（许多人声称/争论说。但这种观点值得怀疑。）(6)the majority of people have been taken in by the idea that there is no such thing as the good for （大多数人都被观点所欺骗。对来说，事情却没有那么好。）(7)they may be right in saying that ,but they seen to fail to take notice of the fact that （他们说，那也许是正确的，但他们是乎没有注意到）(8)it is true that , but it doesnt follow that （这是对的，但这并不等于说）(9)admittedly, , but it doesnt necessary mean that（必须承认，但这并不意味）(10)some people suggest thatbut what these people fail to see is that（有人建议。但那些被人们忽视的是）(11)there is an element of truth in these arguments,but they ignore a deeper and more essential fact（在这些论点里的确有正确的成分，但他们忽视了一个更深层次、更重要的事实）(12)this opinion sounds reasonable at first thought .a close analysis of it , however ,would reveal how groundless it is.(咋一想，这个观点听起来有道理。不过，仔细分析发现它是多么站不住脚啊。)(13)some people argue thatbut more often than not, the opposite is usually true.(14)it takes no sense to argue for ,but object to（有些人认为，但通常正确的却是相反）(15)it would be foolish to believe thatand it would be more foolish to think that（相信是愚蠢的。认为就更加愚蠢。）(16)the fatal flaw in the view is that it fails to take into account.（这个观点的致命错误是它没有考虑到）7.2.4用于举例说明时常用的句型在写作中作者为了说明自己的观点，往往需要引用具体的事例加以说明。这些例子由于是发生在我们生活周围活生生的具体事例或为我们所熟知的事件、他人（一般常是广为人知的人物）轶事，因而显得真实可信，具有很强的说服力。(1)for example (for instance)（例如）(2)is frequently cited as a common example of（是一个经常被引用的例子。）(3)a good case in point is best provided by（提供了一个恰当的例子。）(4)as an example of we may take （作为的例子，我们可以列举）(5)this society is filled with the examples of（社会中充满了的例子。）(6)take ,for example ,a man who（例如，有一个人。）(7)a very similar example can be cited from（可以引用的相似的例子是）(8)numerous other instances might be quoted easily,but this will be sufficient to show that（还可以很容易地引用其它无数的事例，但这已足够说明）(9)let us suppose (imagine) that youwould you ?我们来假设你。你将？）(10)just think of（思考一下）(11)just imagine what would happen if （想象一下如果，将发生什么呢？）7.2.5用于推理论述的常用句型推理法常用于分析阐述作者观点，引出作者的判断和见解；通过假设、让步等推理手段来得出结论。(1)it seems quite unlikely (possible,likely,impossible) that（似乎有可能/不可能。）(2)there is very chance (likelihood,possibility) that（似乎很可能。）(3)chances are that（很可能）(4)it is perhaps more accurate to say that（说，也许更正确些。）(5)it is extremely necessary to say that（说，这非常必要的。）(6)it is that really matters (counts) （是真正重要的。）(7)what really disturbs (interests,surprises) us is（使我们真正烦恼/感兴趣/吃惊的是）(8)it is shocking to find that（令人震惊地发现）(9)no wonder that（无怪乎）(10)we have much to be said for (against) the view that（我们很有理由支持/反对）(11)we can ;we canbut we can never（我们可以；我们可以。但我们永远不能）(12)traditionally, our society has held a negative attitude toward（从传统上讲，我们社会一直对持否定态度。）(13)if that is the case, we may（如果是那样的话，我们可以）(14)if our efforts were devoted to, we would（如果我们致力的话，我们将会）(15)anyone with the slightest knowledge ofknows that（稍有点知识的人都知道）(16)a careful study ofcan help us to（对仔细的研究可以帮助我们）(17)it is almost impossible that （没有，几乎是不可能的。）(18)the morethe more（越，就越）7.2.6用于引用数据进行论证的常用句型写作时，作者常引用一些统计数据把问题呈现在读者面前，然后加以分析。这些数据来源非常广泛，常见的主要借助于报刊、电视等大致媒体，社会机构或政府部门公布的调查数据和结果。用这些具体的数据作为论证材料，使读者觉得生动和真实可信。(1)according to the recent survey (poll,consults) ,has increased (decreased,spiraled) from x percent to y percent (at a rate of x percent,by x percent, to x percent) （根据最近的一次调查/名义调查/普查，从x%增加/降低/上升到y%；以x%的比例上升。增加/降低了/到x%。）(2)according to the national health organization,increased x times compared with 1990 (from1981 to 1998).（据世界卫生组织统计，和1990年相比/从1981到1998，增加了x倍。）(3)a report by the state statistical bureau points out that the number of is half (twice) as much as the national average. （国家统计局的一份报告指出，数量是全国平均数的一半/两倍。）(4)according to reliable (official) statistics (data) provide by the percentage (rats,number) has almost doubled, as against (compared with) 1990.（据可靠/官方统计，和1990年相比，这个比例/数字已几乎增长了一倍。）(5)it makes up x percent of the total.（它占总数的x%。）7.3文章结尾常用句型众所周知，任何文章只要有头就要有尾，以使整篇文章结构完整、和谐。从历年阅卷的经验来看，任何虎头蛇尾的文章都不可能获得好的成绩。一般来讲，文章的结尾对整篇文章起三个重要作用：一是总结全文，使其前后照应，从而加强读者对文章要点的印象；二是提出解决所论及问题的方案或建议；三是促使读者对该问题的前景或未来发展趋势进行深层次的思索。7.3.1用于总结法结尾的常用句型总结性的句型主要用于通过文章前面内容的讨论，进而总结出文章的中心思想和主要观点。(1)from what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that（从上面的讨论我们可以有把握地得出结论）(2)taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably reach the conclusion that（考虑到所有的这些因素，我们有理由得出结论）(3)the analysis we have made leads to an unshakable conclusion that（从我们所作的分析，可以得出一个不可动摇的结论）(4)in a word, we should（总之，我们应该）(5)in conclusion, it is more important than（总之，它比更重要。）7.3.2用于预示后果的常用句型在作者表明自己的观点、态度以及建议后，有时用揭示后果型句子来说明如果某一问题得不到解决，或不采取某种措施、行动的话，将会产生某些不良甚而严重的后果，进而更加引起读者对文章主题的关注。(1)we must look (search) for an immediate measure (action),because the present situation of if it is allowed to continue, it will certainly reasult in the heavy cost of （我们应该寻求一个立即解决的措施，因为目前的趋势。如果听任其发展下去，就会给造成重大损失。）(2)no doubt, if we cant improve the situation, it is very likely that will put in danger.（毫无疑问，如果我们不能改变这种状况，很有可能有的危险。）(3)obviously,if we are blind to the problem ,the chances are that will be put in danger .（很明显，如果我们对这个问视而不见，很可能有的危险。）(4)any person who ignores the warning would pay a heavy price!（任何忽视这个警告的人将付出沉重的代价。）(5)any society that fails to learn from the lesson would come to no good end.（任何社会如不从中吸取教训，必将产生不良的后果。）(6)we need to take a fresh look at the matter more seriously,otherwise ,we are doomed to fail.（我们需要以新的眼光更加严肃地看待这一问题，否则，我们注定会失败的。）7.3.3用于以建议结尾的常用句型在文章作者揭示出所存在的问题，表明自己的观点、立场后，常常在文章结尾时针对该问题的解决提出建议性的意见。其中包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法。(1)it is suggested that great efforts should be made to achieve the goal.（有人建议，为实现这个目标，应作出更大的努力）(2)in short ,we should ;we must （总之，我们应该；我们必须。）(3)in any case ,it must ;it ought to （在任何情况下，它必须；它必须）(4)we need to ;we need to （我们需要；我们需要）(5)what we need is ;what we need is （我们所需要的是；我们所需要的是）(6)it is high time that here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.（该到了的时候了。这里只是现在应该立即采取的措施的几个例子。）(7)although it cant be solved immediately, still there are ways.the most important is another way is（尽管它不可能立即得到解决，但还是有办法的。最重要的是。另外一个办法是）(8)awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.（意识到这个问题是解决它的第一步。）7.3.4用于说明重大意义的常用句型如果作者在结尾时明确指出所讨论问题的重大意义，读者就会更加重视该问题。让读者认识到该问题的解决将会产生的深远意义及光辉前景，以引起他们的共鸣。(1)following these methods may not solve all the problems,but they are worth the efforts.it will benefit ;it will contribute （也许遵照这些方法不能解决所有的问题，但它们值得去努力。它将利于；它将助于）(2)the suggestions mentioned above may not guaranyee the success,but they deserve our efforts.it will help ;it will benefit （上面所提出的建议也许不能保证成功，但它们值得我们去努力。它将助于；它将利于）(3)the importance of cannot be overstressed. it will;it can （的重要性再怎样强调也不过分。它将；它能）(4)the significance of cannot be overemphasized.it can;it will（的重大意义再怎样强调也不过分。它能；它将）(5)anyhow it has a profound influence,for it stands for a sharp break with the traditional notion of（无论怎样，它有着深远的影响，因为它和传统的观念有很大的区别。）(6)anyway, whether it does us good or harm