2015年后发展议程中方立场文件.docx

2015年后发展议程中方立场文件2015年后发展议程中方立场文件chinas position paper on the development agenda beyond 2015一、前言i. preface2000年联合国千年首脑会议通过千年宣言，据此制定的千年发展目标是当今国际社会在发展领域最为全面、权威、明确的目标体系，是衡量发展水平、指导国际发展合作的重要指标。多年来，各国积极推动落实千年发展目标,在减贫、普及初等教育、降低儿童死亡率、改善产妇保健等方面取得一些积极进展。但千年发展目标的落实情况很不平衡，发展中国家发展资金不足、技术手段缺乏、能力建设薄弱等问题未根本缓解。国际金融危机、粮食和能源安全、气候变化、自然灾害等挑战进一步影响国际发展合作，官方发展援助不增反减，发展中国家如期实现千年发展目标面临很大困难。themillennium development goals(mdgs), formulated on the basis of themillennium declarationadopted at the millennium assembly of the united nations in 2000, are the most comprehensive, authoritative and explicit set of goals of the international community in the field of development. they are important indicators for measuring the level of development and guiding international development cooperation. over the years, countries have actively implemented the mdgs and made positive progress in areas such as reducing poverty, achieving universal primary education, lowering child mortality and improving maternal health. however, the implementation is uneven, and problems facing developing countries such as insufficient funds, lack of technical means and weak capacities have not been fundamentally addressed. the global financial crisis, food and energy security, climate change, natural disasters and other challenges have had profound impact on international development cooperation. official development assistance continue to decrease. developing countries still face many difficulties in meeting themdgson schedule.面对上述形势，国际社会推动落实千年发展目标的努力不能松懈。2015年前，国际发展合作的重点仍应是继续推动落实千年发展目标，保证发展资源，特别是要加大对非洲和最不发达国家的扶持力度。under such a situation, the international community should spare no efforts in implementing themdgs. between now and 2015, the priority of international development cooperation should focus on the implementation of themdgs. it is crucial to ensure development resources, and increase support for african countries and least developed countries in particular.国际社会应全面评估当前国际发展合作现状，审议落实千年发展目标方面所取得的成绩及面临的挑战，并在此基础上制定2015年后发展议程。2015年后发展议程应由成员国政府发挥主导作用，在联合国框架下进行。the international community should comprehensively assess the current state of international development cooperation, review the progress and challenges in implementing themdgsand, on this basis, explore the development agenda beyond 2015. such a process should be led by member states of the un and conducted under the un framework.二、展望ii. vision制定2015年后发展议程的目的是推动国际社会秉持平等互信、包容互鉴、合作共赢的精神，通过协商一致的方式制定出一套指导国际发展合作和各国发展的目标。制定发展议程应重在促进各国团结合作，同舟共济，权责共担，共同应对挑战，彻底摆脱贫穷和饥饿的威胁，实现均衡、可持续发展和包容性增长，增进人类共同利益。发展议程应重点关注解决发展中国家，特别是非洲国家和最不发达国家面临的困难与挑战，注重解决南北发展不平衡问题，缩小发展差距，推动建立合作共赢的全球发展伙伴关系，重振国际发展合作。thedevelopment agenda beyond 2015aims to set out a set of goals by consensus to guide international development cooperation and national development in a spirit of equality, mutual trust, inclusiveness, mutual learning and win-win cooperation. the development agenda is designed to encourage countries to strengthen unity and cooperation, share rights and responsibilities, jointly meet challenges to eradicate poverty and hunger, achieve balanced and sustainable development and inclusive growth and advance the common interests of mankind. the development agenda should give top priority to the difficulties and challenges that developing countries, especially african and least developed countries face, tackling the development imbalances between the north and the south, narrowing the development gap and pushing for a global development partnership of win-win cooperation to revive international development cooperation.三、指导原则iii. guiding principles坚持将消除贫困和促进发展作为2015年后发展议程的核心，避免议程内容过多过杂而偏离发展主题。take eradicating poverty and promoting development as the centerpiece of the development agenda beyond 2015, and avoid an overloaded agenda that may deviate from the theme of development.坚持发展模式多样化原则。各国发展阶段、发展水平和具体国情各不相同。要尊重各国对本国发展战略和目标的自主权，由各国自主选择适合本国国情的发展模式和发展道路。respect diversity in development models. countries differ in stage and level of development and national conditions. it is thus important to respect the independence of all countries in determining their development strategies and goals and choosing their own development models and paths that fit their national conditions.坚持连贯性和前瞻性原则。2015年后发展议程应建立在千年发展目标基础之上，一些尚未实现的千年发展目标应继续作为2015年后的发展目标。同时，该议程应与时俱进，应对新的全球性挑战。ensure continuity and keep forward-looking. the development agenda beyond 2015 should be based on themdgsand those unaccomplished goals should be included in the development goals beyond 2015. meanwhile, the agenda should keep pace with the times and meet new global challenges.坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则。这是国际社会在发展领域的重要共识，是开展国际发展合作的基础。adhere to the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. this is the important consensus of the international community on development and the foundation for international development cooperation.坚持协商一致的原则。有关磋商进程应在联合国框架下进行，由成员国主导，本着公正、民主、透明的原则协商一致。seek consensus through consultation. relevant consultations should take place under the un framework. it should be a member-led process in a just, democratic and transparent manner.坚持普遍性原则。应制定简单、明了、务实的目标，在自愿的基础上适用于全球各国，作为未来国际发展合作的指导和各国制定国家发展战略的参照，同时具有灵活性，充分考虑到各国不同的国情、能力和发展阶段，尊重其国家发展政策和优先目标。ensure universality. goals should be simple, clear, practical and applicable to all countries on a voluntary basis. these goals should serve as a guide for future international development cooperation and reference for countries in formulating their development strategies. the goals should also be flexible, take into full account different national conditions, capabilities and development stages, and respect the development policies and priorities of each country.坚持统筹平衡发展原则，全面、协调推进经济、社会和环境发展。promote coordinated and balanced development. it is important to advance economic, social and environmental development in a comprehensive and coordinated manner.四、重点领域和优先方向iv. key areas and priorities（一）消除贫困和饥饿。贫困和饥饿问题不仅严重阻碍发展中国家经济发展和社会进步，也是地区冲突、恐怖主义蔓延和环境恶化等问题的根源之一。消除贫困事关各国人民最基本的生存和发展权利，是各国尤其是发展中国家经济和社会发展的首要考量，应作为2015年后发展议程的核心目标。政府应加大减贫投入力度，加强贫困人口、弱势群体和妇女儿童的能力建设，鼓励企业、社会团体等共同参与减贫事业。(i) eradicating poverty and hunger. poverty and hunger not only greatly impede economic and social progress in developing countries, but also constitute a root cause for conflict, terrorism and environmental degradation. poverty eradication is essential to the most fundamental right of people to subsistence and development, and is a primary task for all countries, developing countries in particular. hence, it should be listed as the central goal in the development agenda beyond 2015. governments should scale up investment in poverty eradication, strengthen capacity-building for the poor, vulnerable groups, women and children, and encourage the participation of private sector and civil society in this regard.（二）全面推进社会进步并改善民生。推动社会包容性发展，坚持以人为本，着力保障所有人均能共享发展成果。积极应对老龄化挑战，关注老年人的各项需求。保障每个人受教育的权利，促进教育公平，提高教育质量，实现更高水平的普及教育。建立完善的基本医疗保障制度，促进基本医疗卫生服务的公平性和可及性，提高服务水平和效率。促进妇女全面发展，提高妇女儿童健康水平，提高人口素质，促进人口长期均衡发展。建立完善的社会保障机制，提高弱势群体的发展能力。(ii) promoting social progress and improving peoples livelihood. countries should push for inclusive social progress, always put people first and ensure that development fruits are shared by all. the challenges of an aging population should be responded and the needs of senior citizens should be taken care of. countries should guarantee peoples right to education, promote equity and improve quality of education. a sound basic health care system should be established that make basic medical and health services more equitable and accessible, and raise the quality and efficiency of these services. countries should provide equal opportunities to women, improve health of women and children, raise population quality and promote long-term and balanced demographic growth. a sound social security system should be put into place so as to protect vulnerable groups.（三）促进经济包容性增长。政府应将促进经济增长作为优先目标，不断增加居民收入，提高居民生活水平。把促进就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置，推动实现更高质量就业。维护并加强多边贸易体制，共同营造公平、公正、开放的全球贸易体系，推进贸易投资自由化和便利化，消除贸易和投资壁垒，反对和抵制各种形式的保护主义。加强全球经济治理，增加发展中国家在全球治理体系中的代表性和发言权，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际经济金融体系，使经济发展的成果普遍惠及世界各国人民。(iii) encouraging inclusive economic growth. governments should make economic growth a priority task, and increase peoples income and improve their living standards. employment should be high on the economic and social development agenda, aiming for employment of better quality. the international community should strengthen the multilateral trading system and jointly create a fair, just and open environment for trade, advance trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, remove trade and investment barriers, and oppose and resist all forms of protectionism. efforts should be made to accelerate the reform of global economic governance by increasing the representation and voice of developing countries, and establish a fair, just, inclusive and orderly international economic and financial system so that people of all countries can benefit equally from global economic development.（四）加强生态文明建设，促进可持续发展。生态文明建设关系人类生存发展及子孙后代长远大计。应树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念，增强节约意识、环保意识和生态意识，形成合理消费的理念和生活方式。坚持节约资源，保护环境。坚持共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则和各自能力原则，积极应对全球气候变化。保护生物多样性，维护全球生态安全。提高森林覆盖率，合理利用森林资源。控制空气污染，安全处置危险废物。保障城乡居民饮水安全，合理配置、高效利用水资源，推进水循环利用，同时加强防洪抗旱减灾体系建设。加强海洋环境保护，合理利用海洋资源。(iv) enhancing ecological conservation and promoting sustainable development. ecological conservation is crucial to human survival and the development of our next generation. countries should respect and protect nature, raise public awareness about avoiding waste, environmental protection and ecological conservation, and encourage a sustainable pattern of consumption and production. the international community should vigorously address global climate change in accordance with the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, equity and respective capabilities. countries should preserve biological diversity and uphold global ecological security, through efforts such as expanding forest coverage, harnessing forest resources rationally, controlling air pollution, treating hazardous waste safely, ensuring safe drinking water for both urban and rural residents, allocating and using water resources efficiently, promoting water recycling and reuse, and reinforcing the disaster relief facilities against flood and drought. efforts should also be taken for protection of the marine environment and the rational use of marine resources.（五）加强全球发展伙伴关系。应建立更加平等均衡的全球发展伙伴关系，致力于促进共同繁荣与发展，其核心仍是南北合作，南南合作是南北合作的有益补充。应加强发展筹资，发挥南北合作的主渠道作用。发达国家应履行官方发展援助的承诺，切实提供发展援助，加大对发展中国家尤其是非洲国家和最不发达国家支持力度。发展中国家应继续加强南南合作，团结互助，共谋发展。(v) enhancing the global development partnership. a new global development partnership should be established for common prosperity and development. north-south cooperation remains as the core of this partnership and south-south cooperation is a useful supplement to north-south cooperation. development financing should be enhanced with north-south cooperation serving as the main channel. developed countries should honor their official development assistance commitments, provide development assistance, and scale up their support for developing countries, especially african and least developed countries. developing countries should further enhance south-south cooperation, help each other in the spirit of solidarity, and pursue common development.五、实施手段v. means of implementation2015年后发展议程应建立完善的实施机制，保障发展资源，确保目标得以实现。there should be a sound implementation mechanism for thedevelopment agenda beyond 2015to ensure development resources and attainment of the goals.充分发挥联合国的核心领导和组织协调作用。应强化联合国的政策指导和统筹协调职能，协调指导各有关机构、多边机制和条约机制，采取步调一致的措施，推进国际发展合作。应坚持以成员国为主导，同时注意听取其他利益攸关方的建设性意见。give full play to the un in leading the organization and coordination of the development agenda. the un should provide policy guidance to and coordinate among relevant international institutions, multilateral organization and treaty bodies for concerted steps to advance international development cooperation. while maintaining a country-led process, it is necessary to hear the constructive views of other stakeholders.加强发展筹资力度。广泛凝聚全球、区域和国家层面的政治意愿，为全面实现发展目标动员发展资源。发达国家应兑现其官方发展援助的承诺。各国也应调动内部资源，增加发展投入。intensify development financing. to mobilize development resources calls for extensive pooling of political will at global, regional and national levels. developed countries should meet their oda commitments, developing countries need to mobilize domestic resources to increase investment in development.建立健全向发展中国家转让发展技术的机制。推动并支持满足发展中国家实际需求的科技研发、传播和转让，利用科技促进发展。establish and improve mechanisms for technology transfer. it is imperative to promote and support the r&d, dissemination and transfer of technologies that meet the actual needs of developing countries.加强人力资源开发和机构能力建设，通过培训、经验交流、知识转让、技术援助等多种形式，加强能力建设。enhance human resources development and institutional capacity building through training, experience sharing, knowledge transfer and technical assistance.加强南南合作，鼓励和支持发展中国家在南南合作框架下，继续互帮互助，分享发展经验，补充南北合作，实现共同发展。strengthen south-south cooperation, encourage and support developing countries to help each other and share development experience within the south-south cooperation framework to supplement north-south cooperation and realize common development.六、中国的实践vi. chinas practices中国在落实千年发展目标方面取得了巨大成就，已提前7年完成了减少贫困、饥饿、文盲、降低婴儿和五岁以下儿童死亡率等目标。中国是第一个提前实现减贫目标的发展中国家，中国减贫成果加速了全球减贫进程，为世界减贫事业作出了巨大贡献。中国所有省、自治区和直辖市已全面普及九年义务教育。中国5岁以下儿童、婴儿死亡率稳步降低，城乡妇女儿童健康指标差距逐步缩小。中国降低孕产妇死亡率、防治艾滋病和肺结核病等方面落实工作已进入正轨。中国政府仍致力于积极落实千年发展目标。china has made significant progress in implementing the mdgs and met several goals seven years ahead of schedule, including poverty reduction, combating hunger, universal primary education, and reducing under-five and infant mortality rate. china is the first developing country to achieve the poverty reduction goal ahead of schedule. it has helped to accelerate the global poverty reduction process and greatly contributed to global endeavor on poverty eradication. the nine-year compulsory education has been made available in all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. under-five and infant mortality rate has declined steadily, and urban-rural gap in women and children health indicators has gradually narrowed. efforts on reducing maternal mortality rate, hiv/aids and tuberculosis prevention and control are moving on the right track. china remains committed to implementing the mdgs.中国政府一直高度重视发展问题。中国政府将实现千年发展目标的努力有机融入到以全面建成小康社会为目标的国家总体发展战略，结合自身国情，一切从实际出发，贯彻落实科学发展观，致力于推动经济、社会和生态环境均衡发展。china attaches great importance to the development issue. implementation of the mdgs has been incorporated into the national development strategy that aims to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. in light of chinas national conditions, the chinese government has applied the scientific outlook on development, which stresses putting people first and aiming at comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, and achieving balanced progress in the economic, social and ecological fields.我们坚持以经济建设为中心，不断扩大内需。通过提高居民收入特别是农民和城市低收入群体的收入，完善社会保障，改善消费环境等措施，增强消费需求对经济增长的拉动作用。坚持推进经济结构的战略性调整，加强农业基础地位，走新型工业化道路，加快发展服务业，依靠科技创新推动产业升级，同步推进工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化，促进区域协调互动发展，努力形成城乡发展一体化新格局。china continues to keep to the central task of economic development and continuously expand domestic demand, aiming at increasing individual income, especially income of farmers and low-income urban groups, and improving social security and consumption environment, thus to make consumer demand play a bigger role in driving economic growth. china is in a process of strategic restructuring of the economic structure, strengthening the fundamental role of agriculture, pursuing a new model of industrialization, and expediting the development of the service sector. china is promoting industrial upgrading through scientific and technological innovation, advanced industrialization, it application, urbanization and agricultural modernization all at the same time, pursuing balanced and mutually reinforcing development between regions, and pushing for integrated urban-rural development.我们坚持推进基本公共服务均等化，提高政府保障能力，建立健全符合中国国情、比较完善、覆盖城乡、可持续的基本公共服务体系。实施就业优先战略，贯彻劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业和鼓励创业的方针，努力实现充分就业。全面建成覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，完善社会保险制度、社会救助体系和基本医疗卫生制度。优化妇女发展环境，推动妇女平等参与经济社会发展，平等享有发展成果。china is steadily promoting equal access to basic public services, enhancing governments capacity in providing social security and seeking to establish a sound and sustainable basic public service system that meets chinas national conditions and covers both urban and rural areas. china is implementing a job-first strategy and the policy of promoting self-reliant employment, market-regulated employment and government-backed employment and business start-ups in an effort to achieve full employment. china has put in place a social security system that covers urban and rural residents and improved the social insurance system, social aid system and basic medical and health care system. china will continue to improve the environment for womens development, and promote womens equal participation in economic and social development and equal share in development fruits.我们坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，积极应对气候变化，实行节能减排目标责任制，淘汰落后的高耗能、高污染生产能力，大力推广低碳、节能、环保技术和产品，发展循环经济，健全节能减排法律法规和标准，把资源节约和环境保护贯穿于生产、流通、消费、建设各领域各环节。加强水资源保护和管理，建设节水型社会。加大环境保护力度，完善城镇生活垃圾收运网络和污水处理设施，不断提高水质和空气质量。保护和修复自然生态，加强森林、湿地、荒漠等生态系统建设和生物多样性保护，加强自然保护区建设和管理。china remains committed to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment. china has taken measures to respond to climate change, put in place an accountability system for meeting energy-saving and emission-reduction targets, phase out energy-intensive and highly polluting production facilities, promote low-carbon, energy-saving a