How to write an argumentative essay.ppt

howtowriteanargumentativeessay 2 contents typesofwritinggeneralstrategiesforwritingbeforewritingwhilewritingafterwriting 3 typesofwriting 1 description 描写文 2 narration 记叙文 3 exposition 说明文 4 argumentation 议论文 4 generalstrategiesforwriting readthedirectionscarefullytobesurethatyouunderstandthetopicexactly organizeyourresponseclearly youshouldthinkofhavinganintroduction bodyparagraphsthatdeveloptheintroduction andaconclusiontoendyouressay useexamples reasons facts orsimilardetailstosupportyourgeneralstatement sticktovocabularyandsentencestructuresthatyouknow 5 beforewriting step1 decodethetopicstep2 developsupportingideas 6 beforewriting decodethetopicthefirstandmostimportantstepwhenwritinganessayistodecodethetopictodeterminewhattheintendedoutlineis writingtopicsgenerallygiveveryclearcluesabouthowyouranswershouldbeconstructed itisimportanttofollowtheclearcluesthataregiveninthetopicwhenyouareplanningyouranswer 7 beforewriting essaytopic somepeoplepreferlargeweddingswithlotsofpeople whileothersprefersmallweddingswithonlyveryclosefriendsandfamily discusstheadvantagesofeachtypeofwedding thenindicatewhichyoupreferandwhy 8 beforewriting paragraph1 introductoryparagraph mentioningtheadvantagesoflargeandsmallweddings paragraph2 firstsupportingparagraph listinganddiscussingtheadvantagesoflargeweddings paragraph3 secondsupportingparagraph listinganddiscussingtheadvantagesofsmallweddings paragraph4 conclusionparagraph whetheryoupreferlargeorsmallweddingsandwhy 9 beforewriting developsupportingideasafteryouhavedecodedawritingtopictodeterminetheoverallorganizationofyourresponse youneedtoplanhowtodevelopyourideas youneedtoprovideasmuchsupportaspossiblefortheideasinyouressay usingreasonsandexamplesandmakingyouransweraspersonalaspossible tohaveaneffectiveessay youneedstrongsupport 10 beforewriting essaytopicwhyisitimportanttoyoutolearnenglish supportyourresponsewithreasonsandexamples introduction myreasonsforlearningenglish 11 beforewriting supportingparagraph1 foreducationalopportunities examples goingtouniversityabroad goingtograduateschoolabroad reason necessarytolearnenglishinordertostudyabroad personalstory theopportunitythatihavetogetagraduatedegreeabroadwithascholarshipfrommycompany 12 beforewriting supportingparagraph2 forprofessionalopportunities examples gettinganentry leveljobinamultinationalcompany advancingtoahigherpositioninthecompany reason necessarytolearnenglishinordertosucceedinamultinationalcompany personalstory thelow entry leveljobinamultinationalcompanythatigotafteriwasinterviewedinenglish 13 beforewriting conclusion theeducationalandprofessionalopportunitiesthatresultfromlearningenglish 14 whilewriting writetheintroductoryparagraphwriteunifiedsupportingparagraphswritetheconcludingparagraph 15 writetheintroductoryparagraph thepurposeoftheintroductionisfirsttointerestthereaderinyourtopicandthentoexplainclearlytothereaderwhatyouaregoingtodiscuss whenfinishedwithyourintroduction thereadershouldbeeagertocontinueonwithyouressay andthereadershouldhaveanexactideaofyourtopicandhowyouaregoingtoorganizethediscussionofyourtopic youdonotneedtogivetheoutcomeofyourdiscussionintheintroduction youcansavethatfortheconclusion 16 writetheintroductoryparagraph twopointsaboutwritingintroductoryparagraphsbegintheintroductionwithbackgroundinformationabouthowthetopicrelatestoyouinordertogetthereaderinterestedinyouressay endtheintroductionwithastatementorstatementsthatshowthereaderhowtherestoftheessaywillbeorganized 17 writetheintroductoryparagraph essaytopicdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement tosucceed youshouldfocusmoreoncooperationthanoncompetition supportyourresponsewithspecificexamples 18 writetheintroductoryparagraph asastudentintheuniversity ifindthat whileonmanyoccasionsitisbeneficialtocooperatewithotherstudents itismostimportantformealwaystocompetewithotherstudentsforthetopgradesinthecoursesitake thefollowingtwosituationsfrommyuniversitystudiesindicatetheimportanceofcompetitiontoastudentinmyposition 19 writetheintroductoryparagraph thefirstpartofthisintroductioninformsthereaderthatthewriterisauniversitystudentwhoregularlycompetesfortopgrades italsoshowsthatthewriterbelievesthatcompetitionismoreimportantthancooperation fromthelastsentenceoftheintroduction itcanbedeterminedthatthewriterwillcontinuetheessaybydiscussingtwosituationsfromtheuniversitythatdemonstratetheimportanceofcompetition 20 writeunifiedsupportingparagraphs agoodwaytowriteaclearandeffectivesupportingparagraphistobeginwithasentencetointroducethemainideaofthepassage supportthemainideawithstrongdetails andconnecttheideastogetherinaunifiedparagraph 21 writeunifiedsupportingparagraphs devicestoconnectideasinaunifiedparagraph 1 repeatingakeyword 2 rephrasingthekeyword 3 referringtothekeywordwithapronounorpossessive 4 addingtransitionexpressionsorsentences 22 sample1ifyouwanttobeagoodemployee onecharacteristicthatyoumusthaveisaclearunderstandingofthejobyouhave firstofall youmustknowwhatyourresponsibilitiesareinthepositionyouhold forexample youmustknowexactlywhattasksyoumustdoinyourjob youmustalsoknowexactlyhowthesetasksshouldbedoneandwhentheyshouldbedone afterthis youmustunderstandtheorganizationalrulestofollow suchaswhentotakebreaksorwhattodowhenyouaresick anditisimportantforyoutounderstandtheseclearly inadditiontounderstandingyourdutiesandtherulesyoumustobserveinyourjob youmustalsohaveaclearunderstandingofwhichdecisionsyoucanandcannotmake sometypesofdecisionsmaybeyourstomake whileotherkindsofdecisionsmaybeuptoyoursupervisor insummary foryoutobeagoodemployee itisimportantforyoutounderstandalloftheseaspectsofyourjob 23 writeunifiedsupportingparagraphs sample2ofalljefferson smanytalents oneiscentral hewasaboveallagoodandtirelesswriter hiscompleteworks nowbeingpublishedforthefirsttime willfillmorethanfiftyvolumes histalentasanauthorwassoondiscovered andwhenthetimecametowritethedeclarationofindependenceatphiladelphiain1776 thetaskofwritingitwashis millionshavethrilledtohiswords weholdthesetruthstobeself evident thatallmenarecreatedequal 24 writetheconcludingparagraph thepurposeoftheconclusionistocloseyouressaybysummarizingthemainpointsofyourdiscussion whenfinishedwithyourconclusion thereadershouldclearlyunderstandyourexactideasonthetopicandthereasonsyoufeelthewaythatyoudoaboutthetopic theideasinyourconclusionshouldbecloselyrelatedtotheideasthatyoubeganintheintroduction whileintheintroductionyoushouldindicatewhatyouintendtodiscussintheessay intheconclusionyoushouldindicatetheoutcomeorresultofthediscussion 25 writetheconcludingparagraph essaytopicdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement tosucceed youshouldfocusmoreoncooperationthanoncompetition supportyourresponsewithspecificexamples 26 writetheconcludingparagraph ifihadnotcompetedsostronglyinthesetwosituations mylifewouldbeverydifferentfromwhatitistoday iwouldneverhavebeenadmittedtothetopuniversityinmycountry andiwouldcertainlyneverhaveearnedascholarshipformystudiesthere itisbecauseibelievestronglyincompetitionthatiwasabletosucceedinthisway 27 afterwriting editsentencestructureeditwrittenexpression 28 editsentencestructure directions findandcorrectthesentencestructureerrorsinthefollowingessay theessaydiscussesthefollowingtopic somepeopleprefertotakevacationsinquiet naturalplaces whileothersprefertospendtheirvacationtimeinbigcities discusstheadvantageofeachtypeofvacation thenindicatewhichyoupreferandwhy 29 editsentencestructure 1 whatyouneedtodobeforegoingonavacationitistodecidewhereyouwillgoonyourvacation youmaydecidetogotoaquietplacewithaquietandnaturalsetting insteadyoumaydecidetogotoabigcitywithafast pacedlife eachofthesetypesofvacationsomethingtooffer 3errors 30 editsentencestructure 2 thereasonsthatitcanbeagoodideatogotoaquietandnaturallocationforavacationtheyarenumerous firstofall avacationinanaturalsettingallowingyoutorelaxandslowdownthepaceofyourlifeforawhile insteadofhurryingfromplacetoplaceasyouareusedtodoing youcanspendyourtimedoingnothingmorethanenjoyingthebeautyofthelocation then afterarethoroughlyrelaxed whatyoucandoitistotakepartinoutdooractivitiessuchashikingorswimming allofthiswillleaveyoucompletelyrelaxedandfreeofstressbytheendofyourvacation 5errors 31 editsentencestructure 3 itcanbenicetogotoaquietandnaturalspotforavacation howeveritcanalsobequiteanadventuretogotoabigandfast pacedcityforavacation themainreasonthatitcanbeagoodideatotakeavacationinabigcityitistotakepartinsomanyactivitiesthatareunavailableinyourhometown onabigcityvacation numerousculturaleventsthatmightnotbeavailableinyourhometown suchastheatricalperformances concerts andartandmuseumexhibits theyareavailable onabigcityvacation willalsohaveaccesstosomeoftheworld sfinestrestaurantsandshopping afteryourbigcityvacationhasended youwillhaveawholerangeofnewexperiencesthatarenotpartofyourdailylife 5errors 32 editsentencestructure 4 forme thetypeofvacationthatidecidetotakeitdependsonmylifepriortothevacation iworkasalegalassistantinalawoffice thisjobisoftenrepetitiousanddullbutissometimesquitefranticjustpriortoamajorcase afteraslowandboringperiodofwork alliwantistoheadtoafast pacedvacationinabigcity however ifmyjobbeenfranticandbusypriortomyvacation thenwanttoheadtoaquietandbeautifulplacewhereicanrelax enjoycompleterelaxation thus ienjoydifferenttypesofvacation thetypeofvacationdependsonthepaceofmylifebeforethevacation 6errors 33 editwrittenexpression directions findandcorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingessay theessaydiscussesthefollowingtopic somepeopleprefertoworkforacompany whileothersprefertoworkforthemselves discusstheadvantagesofeachposition thenindicatewhichyoupreferandwhy 34 editwrittenexpression 1 somethingveryimportantforstudentstodecideastheyneartheendoftheirstudiesarewhethershouldtheyworkforanothercompanyorgointobusinessforthemselves asauniversitystudent thisdecisionaboutmyfutureareonethatifacesoonmyself tome eachofthesepositionshaveclearadvantages inparticulardependingonthestageofyourcareer 4errors 35 editwrittenexpression 2 thereisnumerousadvantagestoworkingforanothercompany particularlyearlyinyourcareer oneoftheadvantagesarethatworkinginsomeoneelse scompanyprovideasituationwiththesecurityofaregularpaycheckandlessresponsibilitythanyouwouldhaveyouweretobetheownerofthecompany also notuntilyoustartyourownbusinessyouneedtocomeupwiththefinancestobackthecompany thus allofthisindicatethatitisbettertoworkforotherpeopleearlyinyourcareerwhileyouaregainingtheknowledgeandexperienceyouneedtostartyourowncompany 6errors 36 editwrittenexpression 3 then laterinyourcareer itmaybeadvantageousforyoutogointobusinessforyourself themainreasonforgoingintobusinessforyourselfarethatinyourowncompanyyouareabletodecideonwhatdirectiondoyouwantyourcompanytogo however onlywhenyouhavegainedenoughknowledgeandexperienceareitagoodideatogointobusinessforyourself thisiswhenwillyoubereadytodealwiththeresponsibility pressure andfinancialneedsofowningacompany 4errors 37 editwrittenexpression 4 nothingaremoreimportanttomethanhavingmyowncompanyoneday however whatseemsverycleartomenowisthatbeginningmycareerworkinginsomeoneelse scompanyarebest inthissituation notonlyicanworkwithmoresecurityandlesspressure buticanalsobuildupmyfinancialresourcesandlearnfromothers then ishouldmanagetogainenoughexperience knowledge andconfidenceandbuildupmyfinancialresources ihopeeventuallytoopenmyowncompany wherecanidetermineexactlyhowwouldilikethecompanytooperate 6errors 38 editwrittenexpression directions findandcorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingessay theessaydiscussesthefollowingtopic doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement theprimaryreasontogetaneducationistosucceedfinancially supportyourresponsewithreasonsandexamples 39 editwrittenexpression 1 iamauniversitystudent andiamstudyingintheuniversityforanumberofreasons ofcourse oneofmyreasonsforgoingtoschool studyinghard andobtainauniversitydegreeistosucceedfinancially themoremoneyimake itwillbebetterforme however financialsuccessisnotmymostimportantestreasonforgoingtotheuniversity instead iamgoingtotheuniversityforamuchbroadreasonthanthat ibelievethatauniversityeducationwillgivemeamuchrichandbetterlife notjustinafinancialway 5errors 40 editwrittenexpression 2 onewaythatauniversityeducationmakesyourlifeenjoyableristogiveyoutheopportunitytohaveacareerthatyoureallydesireandappreciative havingacareerthatyoulikeismuchbetterthanajobthatjustpaysthebills i forexample amstudyingtobeamarinebiologist iwillhavet