人教版高中英语必修一重点词汇句型.doc

U1add sth.up把加起来add sth.to sth.把加到/进里add up to加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)add to增加；增添upset upset upsetsth upset sb 某事使某人心烦不安sb upset sth 某人打翻某物sb be upset about sth ignorebe ignorant of 对不了解，无知out of ignorance 出于无知stay/keep/be calm保持镇静As far as I am concerned 就我而言Sb be concerned about sth 担心Sb be concerned in/with sth 涉及Concerning sth =Regarding sth 关于，某事go through a hard time 经历了一段困难时期go through the baggage 检查行李go through the newspaper 浏览报纸go through lots of money 花了很多钱set down the ideas on paper 把想法写在纸上set me down at the bus-stop 在车站让我下车a series ofon purpose=by design 故意by accident=by chance 偶然，碰巧in order (not) to in order thatso as (not) to so thatat dusk at dawnpower powerfulcome to power 当前do sth face to facea face-to-face talkdraw the curtain 放下窗帘dust-dustydirt-dirtysettle downsettle in sw 在某地定居settle an argument/ a matter 解决争端/问题suffer from因而痛苦, 患病suffer from loneliness 因孤独而痛苦suffer from a bad cold 得了重感冒遭受, 蒙受(痛苦、饥饿、寒冷、损失等)suffer a heavy loss遭受严重损失 suffer pain/hunger/cold/death 遭受痛苦;饥饿;寒冷;死亡sufferer n. 受苦者suffering n. 痛苦, 苦难recover from illnessbe tired of (doing) sth 厌烦做某事be tired from (doing) sth 因做某事很累pack upa pack of 一包have trouble with sb 与某人闹别扭have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sthfall in love with sbbe grateful to sb for sthswap A for BYou had to pay to get it repairedGet/have sth doneYour friend comes to school very upset.主语补足语While （you were） walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.主句与从句一致，切从句含有be动词，主语和be动词可一起省略Tell him that he should have studied.本该做却没做Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 定语从句Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 不定式作后置定语I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.定语从句I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to faceI am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. 现在分词作后置定语Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 定语从句She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. It作形式宾语I still find it hard to make good friends with them. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.U2重点单词和短语because of due to thanks to owing to as a result of on account of native adj. 本地的, 本国的 ones native land/country/language 故乡；祖国；母语 a native speaker of English 以英语为母语的人 be native to （动植物）原产于某地 n. 本地人；当地人；原产于某地的动植物 a native of ZhongXiang 钟祥人come up: 走上前来；被提出；（太阳、月亮）升起；发生 He came up to me and said hello to me Your question came up at the meeting The sun has come up Ill let you know if anything comes up come up with a good idea: 想出一个好点子base vt. 以为根据：base sth. on sth. 使以为依据/基础 base ones opinions on facts: 意见以事实为依据 be based on: 以为依据 n基础：make London the base for revolutionary work 使伦敦成为革命工作的根据地 basis n. 根据；基本原则 on the basis of 在的基础上 the basis of/for your opinion 你的看法的依据present v. 赠送；呈现；介绍；描述 present sth. to sb./present sb. with sth. 向某人赠送/颁发/授予/介绍某物 present sb. to sb. else 向某人介绍/引见某人 adj 现在的；在场地 be present at the meeting 出席会议everyone present 在场的各位the present situation目前的形式 at present/at the present time 目前；现在 for the present 眼下；暂时n. 赠品；礼物make use of 利用；使用 make full use of 充分利用 make good use of 好好利用make little use of 不充分利用 make the best (use) of 更好地利用；往好里做make the most of 更好地利用 His progress in study lies in the good use he made of his spare time We should consider what use can be made of such a materialsuch as: 用于列举，往往不能把事物全部列出，可以以“名词（,）such as+被列举的事物”和“such+名词+as+被列举的事物”形式出现 Sweet food, such as chocolate can make you fat =Such sweet food as chocolate can make you fatcommand V. 命令；指令；掌握 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command (that) sb. (should) do sth. 从句中用虚拟语气 n命令;指令；掌握have a good command of English. 精通/熟练掌握英语request V. 请求，要求request sth. from sb. 向某人索要某物 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 request that sb. (should) do sth. Its requested that 从句 据要求as requested 依据请求play an important/vital part/role in (doing) sth. 在中起重要/至关重要的作用play the leading role/part 起主要作用，起带头作用，演主角recognize vt. 识别；认出recognize sb./sbs voice. 认出某人/听出某人的声音recognize sth./sb. to be 承认某人是recognize sth./sb. as sth. 正式认可/接受某事/人为recognition n. 承认，认出beyond/out of recognition 认不出来a large number of fluent English speakers 许多英语讲得流利的人the number of people learning English 学习英语的人的数目make sense 有道理；有意义；讲得通In some important ways they are very different from one another.At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. 过去分词作后置定语 It was base more on German than the English we speak at present. 定语从句English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. 定语从句The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. 现在分词作后置定语The fly agreed immediately without a second thought.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.过去分词作后置定语Those who report the news were expected to speak excellent English.定语从句You will hear differences in the way people speak. 掌握way作先行词的关系词When people use words and expressions different from the standard language.The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.U3prefer vt. 更喜欢prefer coffee to tea. 更喜欢咖啡而不是茶prefer doing to doing 更喜欢干而不愿干 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿干而不愿干prefer that sb (should) do 更宁愿某人干preference n. (两者之中) 较喜欢的东西；偏好；偏爱 have a preference for 对偏爱have no particular preference 没有特别的偏好persuade vt. 说服；劝服、 persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做 persuade sb. not to do=persuade sb. out of doing 说服某人停止做；劝阻某人做 persuade sb. of sth. 或persuade sb. + that 从句 使某人相信 persuasive adj. 有说服力的6、schedule: n. 时间表；进度表 ahead of schedule 较预定的时间提前on schedule 按照预定的时间，按时behind schedule 迟于预定的时间；拖后vt. 为安排时间 schedule the meeting for that night会议的时间定在那天晚上 be scheduled to do sth. 预定做某事10、determine vt.& vi.确定；决定；使下定决心determine to do 决定做某事determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事determine on early startdetermined adj 已决定了的；坚定的；坚决的be determined to do sth 决定干某事a determined look 坚定的表情 a determined man 意志坚定的人determination 决定；决心with determination 坚决地a man of great determination 意志坚定的人at an altitude of =at a height of 在高度at 表示“在处/时；以”at a price of 以的价格 at a speed/ rate of 以速度 at a length of 在长度at a depth/ width of 在深度，宽度 at a distance of 在远的距离at the cost of 以为代价make up ones mind 下决心read ones mind 看出某人心思keep ones mind on 专心于speak ones mind 直言不讳bear/ keep sth. in mind 记住某事give in (to sb./ sth.) (向)屈服；让步；投降 give off 发出（蒸汽、光、热等）give out 分发；筋疲力尽pace. n. 一步；速度；步调keep pace with 跟齐步前进attitude, n. 态度；看法take a friendly attitude to/ towards us. 对我们采取友善的态度hold a positive/ negative attitude 持积极/消极态度insist v. 坚决要求；主张insist on (sbs) doing sth. 坚决要求（某人）做insist on (my) giving up smoking 坚决要求（我）戒烟insist + 从句He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是正确的He insisted that he should be set free. 他坚决要求他被释放view. n. 视野；视力；景色；看法；观点be/ go out of view 从视野消失come into view 进入视线admire the view 欣赏景色from my point of view 依我看来take the view that 从句， 持有观点 V. 考虑；观看view sb. as sth. 把看作24、put up the tents. 搭起帐篷put up your hands 举手put up the post 张贴海报put up ten people for night 为十人提供食宿过夜Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 强调句she insisted that she organize the trip properly. 虚拟语气 When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 主动被动态情况It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province. 现在分词作伴随状语The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven Spielberg, he made up his mind to become a director too. 作连词Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us. 过去分词作后置定语At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds .We can hardly wait to see them.U4burst (burst, burst) vi. 爆裂；爆发 burst into a place=break into a place 突然闯进 burst in 突然插嘴；打断 burst into tears/ laughters/ flames 突然大哭/大笑/起火 burst out crying/ laughing/ singing 突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来 n. 一阵 a burst of laughter/ applause 一阵笑声/掌声 a burst of anger 怒火的迸发at an end 结束；终结in the end 最后；终于 at the end (of sth.) 在结尾处；在（）结束的时候 by the end of this month 在本月末ruin n. 废墟；毁灭；遗迹be/ lie/ stand in ruins 成为一片废墟the ruins of Yuanmingyuan 圆明圆遗迹v. 毁灭；使破产/灭 ruin ones health 毁坏某人健康ruin ones hope 使某人希望破灭destroy (destroyed, destroyed) vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 destroy the building 毁坏建筑destroy/ ruin ones hope 使希望破灭 destruction n. 破坏；毁坏track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹keep track of 记录；掌握的线索shock: n. 休克；打击；震惊；令人震惊的事 be a great shock 沉重的打击 an electric shock 电击 The bad news left us speechless from shock 坏消息使我们震惊得说不出话来。vt & vi (使)震惊；震动 be shocked by/ at 对感到震惊a shocking accident 令人震惊的事故rescue: n & vt. 援救；营救 rescue sb. from 从危险中救出 a rescue team 救援队 come/ go to ones rescue 营救某人rescuer n. 营救人员trap vt. 使陷入困境 trap sb. in the mud= get/ be trapped in the mud被困在泥巴里面trap sb./ sth. into (doing) 诱使某人/某物（做）n. 陷阱；困境 set a trap 设圈套bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏bury ones face/ head in sth. 把脸/头伸到里去bury oneself in= be buried in 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 陷入了沉思burial n. 埋葬；葬礼judge n. 裁判员；法官； work as a judge: 当法官/裁判vt. 断定；判断；判决；认为 judge sth. from/ by sth. 由来判断judging from/ by sth. 由来看（作状语） judge sb. to be 认为某人As far as I can judge 据我判断judge the case 审理这个案件judgement n. 判决；审判；判断 make a judgement on sth. 对作出判断express vt. 表达；表示 express thanks/ thoughts 表达感谢/思想n. 快车，速递rise(rose risen) vi.增长；站起；起床 n.上涨；涨工资rise by 20% 增长了20% rise to 200. 增长到200rise from the chair 从椅子上站起来Early to bed and early to rise is good to your health早睡早起对身体有好处ask for a rise 要求涨工资get a rise 升级；涨工资run out of；用光（不用被动)think little/ nothing of 轻视；忽视；对满不在乎think much/ highly of 重视；看重；对高度评价reach v. 延伸；达成（协议）；得出结论；伸手够到某物；与取得联系The woods reaches as far as the river 森林延伸至河边reach an agreement 达成协议reach a conclusion 得出结论reach him by telephone 用电话与他取得联系 reach out for sth 伸手去拿n. 够着；达到 out of the reach of sb. 在某人伸手够不着的地方within the reach of sb. 在某人伸手够得着的地方above/ beyond the reach of sb. 超出某人的能力It sounds/ looks/ feels/seems as if. 听/看/感觉起来/看来好像without warning 在没有任何先兆的情况下the disaster-hit/stricken areas 受灾地区Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 现在分词作伴随状语It seemed as if the world was at an end! 掌握其用法It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 定语从句In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. Thousands of families were killed of injured reached more than 400,000.another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. All hope was not lost. 部分否定The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.Unit 5重点单词和短语quality. n. 质量；品质；性质 be of high/good/ low/ poor quality 质量高/低 a man of fine qualities: 一位有很多好品质的男子 quantity 数量 qualify v. 使具体资格（品质）mean adj. 吝啬的；自私；卑鄙的 Its mean of sb. to do sth. 做某事真是太自私/卑鄙了 be mean to sb. about/ over sth. 在某方面对某人很吝啬devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于 devote oneself to sth./ doing sth. 献身于；专心做某事 devote ones life/ time/ money/ energy to sth./ doing sth. 把本人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于 devoted. adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；喜欢 a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 a devoted mother 一位贤妻良母principle n. 法则；原则；原理 stick to ones principles 恪守自己的原则 against ones principle 违背某人的原则out of work=be out of a job 失业 out of control 失去控制out of patience 失去耐心out of reach 够不着out of date 过时 out of sight 看不见out of money 钱花光out of mind 心不在焉out of order 坏了；混乱vote vt & vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决 vote on 就投票vote for/ against 投票赞成/反对 vote to do 投票表决帮某事； vote + that 从句blow up; 使丧气；炸毁get the tire blown up 给轮胎打气blow up a bridge 炸毁一座桥equal adj. 相等的；平等的；be equal to 与相等；等于；能胜任v. 等于；比得上 n. 同等（对等）的人；对于；匹敌者equal sb in sth = be an equal to sb in sth.在某方面与某人匹敌/势力相当equally adv.be in trouble 在危险；受罚；痛苦；忧虑等的处境中get into trouble 遇到麻烦;出事have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 take great trouble to do sth 不辞辛苦做某事turn to 求助于；致力于；转向；变成；转变到turn to sb. for help/ advice 向某人求助/救give up medicine and turn to writing 放弃医学转向写作lose heart 丧失勇气或信心lose ones heart to 爱上；喜欢上lose oneself in 迷上 lose ones temper 发怒excape. vi & vt 逃脱；逃走；泄露escape punishment / being punished 逃避惩罚 escape from. 从逃跑/脱n. 逃跑；逃脱 make ones escape逃走have a narrow escape 死里逃生；勉强逃脱beg v. 请求；乞求 beg sb. to do sth. 乞求（某人）做某事beg sb. for sth. 向某人要某东西reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏reward sb. with sth. 用酬谢某人reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因而酬谢某人set up a laboratory 建立一个实验室set out to do sth. 开始干；着手于set about doing sth 开始干（做）某事set off 引爆，使爆炸，动身be sentenced to 被判处（徒刑）fight (fought, fought) vi & vt. 打仗；打架；与进行斗争或奋斗；对抗fight for freedom 为争取自由而斗争fight