新概念英语第三册课堂笔记.doc

新概念英语第三册课堂笔记Lesson 1 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮【New words and expressions】 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里 puman. 美洲狮 spotv. 看出，发现 pick out,see,recognise,catch,sight ofspot=see : 强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现find : 强调发现的结果find out：查出事实真相discover：做出重大发现notice：注意到observe：观察watch：观察活动中的人或画面A tall man is easy jto spot in the crowd.He has good eye for spotting mistakes.n. 斑点There is a white spot on the shirt.on the spot1.立刻，马上（at once ,immediately)Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2.at the place of the action 在现场Wherever she is needed,she is quickly on the spot. evidencen. 证据不可数名词When the police arrived,he had already destroied the evidence.evidence=proofin evidence: 显而易见的He was in evidence at the party.evidently ，evidently accumulatev. 积累，积聚强调积累的过程As the evidence accumulates,experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处collect 搜集，采集assemble 集合，集会，vt.装配hoard vt. 大量的储存hoard upstore upamass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter obligev. 使感到必须feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事be obliged to do sth. 被迫做某事 huntn. 追猎；寻找run after 强调追赶、追求seek/pursue 追寻chase 追赶hunt forsearch 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物 blackberryn. 黑莓 human being 人类 cornerv. 使走投无路，使陷入困境n.角落at the corner of the streetin the corner of the roomon the corner of the desk经常使用被动语态The thief was cornered at lastThe problem cornered me. trailn. 一串，一系列（vt.)trail：followThe police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding printn. 印痕 clingv. 粘clungShe is always clinging to her mother.He clung to the hope that he would succeed.stick 粘住； stick to 坚持； sticky 粘的 convincev. 使信服convince sb.of sth.和宾语从句that搭配使用没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced somehowadv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因by some means,in some way ,for some reason unknownsomewhat : a little disturbv. 令人不安disturbing: 令人不安的disturbed: 感到不安的exciting：令人激动的excited：感到激动的Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录音，然后回答以下问题。Where must the puma have come from? Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.参考译文 美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。 搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。【课文讲解】at large:逃遁的，没有被控制的 详细地（in detail) 总体来讲（as a whole)在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果写议论文的时候要注意把握观点Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.life-like: 栩栩如生的一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修缮名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前定语从句只是对于被修缮词的补充说明、修缮；同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容定语从句的引导词： 指人：主语who; 宾语who/whom; 定语 whose 表达事物：that（也可以指人）/which 时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语：why同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语等，关系词用that而不是which 时间when； 地点whereAn idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.I have no idea what has happened to him。定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句take sth.seriously :deal with sth.seriouslytake sth.lightlyas: 随着过去分词做定语声称曾经做过某事：claim to have done sth.I still remember the school where I studied English.confirm: be sure,be certainsearch=hunt把某物留在后面：leave behind英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者complain of /about 抱怨on + 名词：强调动作正在进行on the rise :在上升on the increase: 在增加on the watch: 在观看on the match: 在比赛中on the fishing trip: 在钓鱼的途中on holiday: 在度假fully: completely,entirelyin the possession of sb.=in sb.s possession 归某人所有in possession of sth. 拥有某物take possession of 拥有The beautiful car is in my possession/in the possession of meI am in possession of the beautiful carThe person in possession of the big house is excited.It is disturbing to think that.熟读并背诵第一自然段at largetake something seriouslycling toleave behindcomplain ofin the possession of/in possession offeel obliged to investigatea woman picking blackberriesa businessman on fishing tripgo on for several weeksin the quiet countryside【Special Difficulties】Exerises A1. at/for2. to3. to4. in5. onExercises B1. He is the man we have heard about so much.2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed3.Whom did you receive a letter from?Whom 不能省略定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom,在非正式用法当中可以省略省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom,Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面look at :注视look for: 寻找，介词不能前置live in : 居住，介词可以前置This is the old house in which he lived.This is the old house he lived in.4.This is the road we came by?5.Where is the pencil you were playing with?【Supplementary Written Exercises】要求陈述原因1.Experts from the zoo felt obliged.正确答案：Din common-simliar2.（A)只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 （B) large cat3. (C) 答案正确 做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意 文章最后一句话总结了大意句型结构题和词汇题是关键4. C选项正确 think makemake somebody do,be made to do 在主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略 被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整5.把say改成claimPeople claimed to have seen the puma. D正确清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6.与原句中的when意思要一致 when引导的时间状语从句表示.就 结构形式和as soon as相一致的B答案正确 主动On observing her,it immediately ran away.7.unless-if.not/except on the condition thatwhen=ifexcept可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可是when/if引导的从句形式D正确8.must be只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致D正确情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配9.on more than-only within=not more than10.in a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地B正确 in a trap 表示落于陷阱中at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的11.B正确 fishes for pleasure12.A正确 on his own=aloneLesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 equal v. 等于A equals B与.相匹敌 None of us can equal her,either in beauty or as dancer Mary is quite equal to John in brains.be equal to: 有能力、有力量来做某事 to- 介词 vicarn. 牧师 raisev. 募集，筹（款）提高、饲养、供养、种植、召集、招募、提出、发出 torchlightn. 电筒光Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录音，然后回答以下问题。Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why? Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. One night, however, our vicar work up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. Whatever are you doing up here Bill? asked the vicar in surprise. Im trying to repair the bell, answered Bill. Ive been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise. You certainly did give me a surprise! said the vicar. Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, Im glad the bell is working again. Thats the trouble, vicar, answered Bill. Its working all right, but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do about it. Well get used to that, Bill, said the vicar. Thirteen is not as good as one, but its better than nothing. Now lets go downstairs and have a cup of tea. 参考译文 我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事筹集资金。但始终未能筹足资金把教堂的钟修好。教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜打点报时，但很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。 一天夜里，我们的牧师突然被惊醒了，大钟又在“打点”报时了！他一看表，才1点钟，可是那钟一边敲了13下才停。牧师拿着一支电筒走上钟楼想去看看究竟发生了什么事情。借着电筒光。他看见一个人，马上认出那是本地杂货店主经比尔.威尔金斯。 “你究竟在这上面干什么，比尔？”牧师惊讶地问。 “我想把这口钟修好，”比尔回答说。“好几个星期了，我天天夜里到钟楼上来。嗯，我是想让你大吃一惊。” “你确实使我大吃了一惊！”牧师说，“也许同时你把村里所有的人都吵醒了。不过，钟又能报时了，我还是很高兴的。” “问题就在这里，牧师，”比尔回答说。“不错，钟能报时了，但是，恐怕每到1点钟，它总要敲13下，对此我已无能为力了。” “大家慢慢就习惯了，比尔，”牧师说。“13下是不如1下好，但总比1下也不敲强。来，咱们下楼去喝杯茶吧。”【课文讲解】现在进行时和always等频度副词的搭配表示说话人带有的情感色彩Tome is always doing homework.Tom always does his homework.He is always making noises.one or another: 表示某种，这样或那样I have to get enough money to have my house repairedhave the church clock repairedhave something done找某人来做某事have the plane repaired have hair cut某人所遭受到的意外某种情况主语必须是发出动作的人His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.used to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了He used to smoke every day.however用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾，要用逗号分隔开来He said that it was so ,he was mistaken,howeverHe said that it was so,however,he was mistaken.I know his story,however,I wouldnt like to tell you.I know his story,I,however,wouldnt like to tell younevertheless nonethelessstart: 惊跳，惊奇before：.才Armed with a torch.现在分词和过去分词的用法 looking分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致in the torchlight非正式用语中whom可以省略掉recognized somebody as: 认出某人是regard somebody as,think of somebody as,treat somebody ashave on somebody aswhatever: ever用来加强语气night after night: 一夜连着一夜day after day year after year week after week bus after busdid 肯定句中常用do,did,does加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前as well 用在句尾相当于to,主要用于肯定句中，但比to所表达的语意更优秀 still用于句首，用逗号分隔开来表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此，但是get used to,be used to,be accustomed to,get accustomed to 都表示习惯于 get强调渐近的过程， be强调习惯了的状态【Special difficulties】in prep. 表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用在句中起状语作用in surprise;in astonishment;in alarm;in embarrassmentin amazement;in despair;in dismay; in anger; in disappointmentin prep. 表示以、用；用于语言，书写材料，色彩或声音等方面in English; in pencil; in ink; in a few words; in such a hight voice; in oil; in red; in codein 表示状态、情况或处境in trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in a hurry; in debt; in love with sb. in tears; in good order; in good repair;in good health ;in poor health; in the bad mood; in the good mood;in haste; in a favor of excitement; in poverty; in luxuryUse a phrase with n in place of the words in italics.very quickly -in a hurryeventually -in the end be seen - in sightwith a pen/with a pencil - in ink/in pencilwhich they share - in commoncrying - tears【Choose the correct answers】1. because _the bell had been out of order.(was damaged)_2. because _it was an unusual time._3. because _he was grateful for._为表示感谢：be grateful for/be thankful for不辞辛劳地做某事：take the trouble to do sth.【Structure】4.B.in the past 是过去时态的标志；always用在实意动词之前5.D.强调句式结构it was not until.that. 直到才It was not until midnight that snow stopped.6.B.宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序7. .C.突出结果或者对现在的影响，现在完成时8.A.to介词，表示习惯于9.B.fund 基金； cash 现金； scholarship 奖学金；investment 投资10.A.run a shop 经营商店11.A.night after night=every night12.C.still 尽管如此，依旧，仍然just the sameIts raining,still I must go outstill连接性副词，相当于in spite of that,even though,just the sameyet 但是，然而I have failed,yet I shall try again.This picture is not too valuable,still I like itLesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 goddess(tile)n. 女神 archaeologistn. 考古学家 Aegeanadj. 爱玲海的 explorev. 考察，勘探The archaeologists are exploring the cave.exploration n.explorer n. 探险家 promontoryn. 海角 prosperousadj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的our finance is prosperousthriving 昌盛的，兴旺的booming 蓬勃的，景气的flourishing 繁茂的，健康的 civilizationn. 文明high level of civilization高度文明civilize v. storeyn. 楼层 drainagen. 排水 worshipn. 祟拜respect;admireWho do you worship in the world?warship n. 军舰战船 sacredadj. 宗教的，神圣的holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的sacred music 圣乐sacred promise 神圣的诺言 fragmentn. 碎片 remainsn. 遗物，遗迹，废墟 classicaladj. （希腊和罗马）古化的classical music 古典音乐classical education 人文科学教育classic adj. 第一流的This is the classic example of love at the first sight.classic n. 杰作，经典之作 reconstructv. 修复re-重新，再次construct 构造，建造，组织build house 造建造物put up a tentconstruct a sentenceconstruct a broken statuaryerect: build high buildingserect monument 建造纪念碑erect clock tower 建造钟楼setup; establish; found 建立setup students unionestablish a school/rulefound a countryconstruction n.constructive adj. 有教育意义的constructor n. restv. 倚放，放置 hipn. 屁股，臀部hip n. 口在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj.通晓的，见闻广的Mary is a real hip.The guy isnt a hip.joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的Eg.: These two are joined at the hip.shoot from the hip 信口开河Eg.:Sorry,I said that I shouldnt have shot from the hip. full-lengthadj. （裙衣）拖地长的a full-length dress 拽地长裙 gracefuladj. 优雅的a graceful ladyelegant(behavier) identityn. 身份Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录音，然后回答以下问题。How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess? Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses - often three storeys high - were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.参考译文 不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。 考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。却使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。【课文讲解】an interesting discovery : 强调discovery,体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出主动语态难以突出重点 archaeologists made an interesting discovery英文表达：事件、结果、影响、效果为主语、强调对客观事实的陈述An American team explored a temple which.which引导定语从句，修饰限定templewhich stands in an ancient city on.which = that; stand = lie,situate(vt.),locate(vt.)An American team explored a temple which is located/situated in.An American team explored a temple which lies instand 表示高高坐落于，矗立于She stands 1.75m./A great tree stands on the mount.The city at one time must have been prosperous,for it.for 引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息because 引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因Eg.:The day broke for the birds were singing.at one time 表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志，oncemust have been 对过去事实肯定的推测enjoyed a high level of civilization 享有高度文明with.a young man with broad shoulders/an old lady with balck hairbeautifully decorated 过去分词做定语a beautifully dressed lady 衣着漂亮的女士/a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场 a white painted door 被刷成白色的门现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系a boy climbing the tree/the students reading in the roomThe city was even equipped with.for .were foundbe equipped with 配备，装备the car was equipped with air conditioning.for 引导原因状语从句beneath the narrow streets /under the narrow streetsprep. beneath=under 正下方He is standing under/beneath the umbrellaunder在进行中：under control 控制之中；under discussion讨论之中under repairs修理之中below 在下方，强调在斜下方She is sitting belo