形容词教案.doc

形容词概念形容词是用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质状态或特征的词。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构的词。形容词的由来除自然形容词外, 部分形容词可以在名词尾加上适当的词缀变成形容词，如： care - careful fun -funny sun - sunny difference difference 附, 名词变形容词的规则：1. + y a. cloud cloudy b. sun sunny c. noise noisy 2. + ful care careful help helpful 3. friend friendly sister sisterly 4. importance important difference different patience patient 5. + -less (无) care careless price priceless 注意：un- im- in- -less (均表示“不/无”.) 等不改变词性，但词义相反，如：happy unhappy comfortable uncomfortable expensive inexpensive polite impolite possible impossible * 6. difficulty - difficult honesty - honest anger angry hunger hungry 有些形容词还可以由动词+ -ing / -ed变来，如：come coming die dying interest interesting surprise surprising worry worried disappoint disappointed convince convinced Exercises 1 将下列名词变成形容词：wind rain snow fun importance difficulty difference thank use care beauty help noise sun health taste price (无价的) home （无家可归的）use (无用的) live care (粗心的) love brother honesty help(无助的) hunger 形容词的位置1.形容词位置: 通常用在名词前,代词后，连系动词后. 形容词作定语时通常前置, 但在以下情况, 形容词必须后置: 1) 修饰合成不定代词, something, anyone等. There is nobody absent today. 2) 以-able /-ble 结尾的形容词可置于形容词最高级或only修饰的名词后. 如: That is the only solution possible. 3) 成对的形容词可后置, 常用逗号给开. There was a large room, simple and beautiful. 4) 当 “形容词+介词/不定式” 构成的短语作定语时后置. The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 5) 当old, long, high, wide, deep 等词附有数量词短语作定语时后置. At that time she was only a girl five years old. I have once seen a snake about a meter long. Exx. 1. Is there anything new in todays newspaper? - No, _(没有新内容). 2. I have no _(可用的房间) for you. 3. People in the village, _(老的和少的), men and women, are fond of singing and dancing. 4. She saw a man _(大约两米高的). 4. 形容词的搭配: 形容词与介词的搭配不同，其后要求接的对象也不同，甚至意思也有所不同，有的搭配是固定的，构成短语后的作用相当于一个动词，如：be strict with sb be strict in sth be pleased with sb be afraid of be friendly to be angry with sth sb /at sth be interested in be surprised/ amazed at be excited at/about be disappointed at be thankful to sb be familiar with be careful of be sure / certain of get/be tired of 其他搭配: blind /dead dunk fast sleep much afraid much alike 形容词充当的句子成分（一）作定语1前置定语（1）形容词作定语一般需放在它所修饰的名词之前并尽量靠近被修饰的词。在这种位置上的定语叫前置定语。语序一般为“冠词（或其他限定词）+形容词+名词”。 He is an honest boy.（2）若有多个形容修饰名词，它们的位置要由它们与被修饰词的密切程度来决定。其排列顺序通常是：（县官大行令宴请国之材）限定词描绘性形容词大小+形状+新旧+颜色国籍、地区表材料质地的形容词名：县，即“限”，指限定词，如：the; a/an; this; that; your; my; 官，即“观”，指观点或评价性词，如：lovely; interesting; cute大，即“大”，指形状大小，如：large; big; small; little; round; 行，即“新”，指新旧令，即“龄”，指年龄及新旧，如：new; old; ancient; old宴，即“颜”，指颜色，如：red; green; orange; brown国，指国家或出处，如：Chinese; Japanese; home-made材，指材料，也就是用什么做的。如：glass; stone; wood举例：1.Chinese, glass, a, beautiful, table a beautiful Chinese glass table2.wonderful, my, garden, new, large my wonderful large new garden3. a, round, table, small a small round table4. a, old, dirty, brown shirt a dirty old brown shirt练习： Tony is going camping with _ boys. A.little two other B. two little other C.two other little D.little other two 答案：C. 由“限定词-数词-描绘 One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 答案A. 年龄+国家+材料。1. He likes going fishing. He usually uses a _. A. bamboo long fishing poleB. long bamboo fishing poleC. pole long bamboo and fishing D. bamboo fishing long pole2. 【1995全国】How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. A. few last sunnyB. last few sunny C. last sunny fewD. few sunny last3. 【2013上海】Its a _ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French4. 【2004浙江】_ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. Young strong ten Chinese5. 【2004江苏】The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. A. little white woodenB. little wooden whiteC. white wooden littleD. wooden white little6. 【2005北京】 This _ girl is Linds cousin.A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish2后置定语（1）作不定代词的定语修饰someone, something, anyone, anything, nobody everyone, nothing, no one, 等不定代词时，要后置。 There is nothing new. She must have met something dangerous.（2）前缀以a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置。 常见的有afraid, alive, alike, asleep, awake等 The man awake at that time was Mr. Smith.（3）形容词短语作定语时要后置。这些形容词短语多是由 “形容词+介词短语/不定式短语”构成。 It is a problem difficult to solve.（4）形容词成对使用时，由and/or连接的并列形容词成对使用时后置。 Everyone, young or old, will do it.（5） 表示方位、时间和数量等习语、词组连用时后置 This is a river two hundred miles long. It is a bridge eight metres wide.2. 有些形容词既可以做前置定语也可以做后置定语, 但意思不同, 要注意区分. 常见的有: the responsible man (可依赖的) the man responsible (应负责的) the present members (现在的) the members present (在场的) the absent students (心不在焉的) the students absent (缺席的) the concerned teachers (忧心忡忡的) the teachers concerned (有关的) （二）作表语1在连系动词后要用形容词作表语：常见的连系动词有:be，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，get/become/grow，remain, 而行为动词则要用副词修饰。 The cake tastes delicious. He looks very tired.2只能用作表语的形容词：大多数形容词可以用作定语或表语，但有些形容词只能用作表语。（1）以“a-”开头的形容词 和content, ill, drunk, sure, liable, unable, well等词。 (以a-开头的词)：asleep, awake, alike, afraid, alive, alone, glad, ready, sorry, sure, ill, well (指健康状况好), ashamed, afloat(漂浮不定的), worth 等, 它们除了做表语外还可以做宾语补足语, 但不能做前置定语. 如： That cat is ill. That is a ill cat.(错) That is a sick cat (正确). That is an asleep baby. (错) That is a sleeping baby. (正确). He fell asleep in a short while. (正确). The driver was found alive after the terrible traffic accident. She was the only person awake that night. The film is worth e true keep silent go bad get lost turn green stay fresh look nice sound reasonable feel soft taste delicious smell terrible remain untouched fall sick become better and betterPracticecome fall go keep look remain stand seem smell1. Some of the dreams of the founders of the nation did not _come_ true. 2. How to protect the rights of the Aborigines best _remains_ a challenge for the Australian government. 3. Those old castles and churches made of stone still _stand_ after hundreds of years. 4. Please _keep_ quiet. Im trying to put the baby to sleep.5. To some people Sydney Opera House _look_ just like seashells.6. Grandmother _fell_ asleep before my friends came to say good-night to her.7. The meat you bought last week _smell_ terrible. It _goes_ bad.8. The chairwoman _looks/ seems_ very surprised about the question I asked her.（2）有些形容词是以-ly结尾的，我们容易把它们误认为是副词，如lovely，friendly，orderly，motherly, lonely，likely，lively，ugly: （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 但有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等： The Times is a weekly paper. The Times is published weekly. （3）作表语但不用人做主语的形容词 convenient, possible, impossible, necessary, It is important to learn English well.（三）作补语（主语补足语或宾语补足语）在动词consider, find, believe, think, make, get, leave, set, keep等词后常用形容词作主语补足语或宾语补足语。 Money was also thought important. The room was found empty. I consider Jim honest. I must get the breakfast ready.（四）作状语 在描绘性文字中，形容词（短语）或形容词化分词有时起状语作用，说明主句所述的原因、时间或主语所处境况或意义增补。（1）表原因表原因的形容词（短语）或形容词化分词多放在句首，相当于原因状语从句，句子的主语亦是其逻辑主语。 Thirsty and hungry (=As he was thirsty and hungry), he went to the farmers cottage to ask for something to eat.Frightened (Because she was frightened), she asked me to go with her.1. 【2013上海】The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really _.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried2. The old hostess stood _ for a moment when she saw a beggar appear before her suddenly. A. surprisingB. surprised C. surprisedlyD. to surprise3. 【2008北京】 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredlyD. hungrily and tired4. 【2009浙江】_ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai A. To be triedB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired （2）表时间形容词（短语）表主句所发生的时间，放在句首。其作用相当于一个时间状语从句。 Ripe(=When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet.（3）说明主语的境况或意义增补形容词（短语）表示主语所处境况或意义增补时，常放在句末。相当于一个和主句并列的句子。Holmes found the man lying on the floor, dead (=and he was dead).One woman was lying in bed, awake (=and she was awake).-ed形容词与-ing形容词-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“（某人）感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“（某事物）令人”或“令人的（事物）”。He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。（他感到恐惧）He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带着令人恐惧的神情。excite 使人兴奋excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的surprise 使吃惊 surprised 感到吃惊的 surprising令人吃惊的amaze使惊奇amazed 感到惊奇的amazing令人惊奇的embarrass使窘迫embarrassed感到窘迫的embarrassing令人窘迫的frustrate使沮丧frustrated 感到沮丧的frustrating令人沮丧的interest使感兴趣interested 感到有兴趣的interesting令人感兴趣的thrill使兴奋thrilled感到兴奋的thrilling令人兴奋的terrify使恐惧terrified感到恐惧的terrifying令人恐惧的please使高兴pleased 感到高兴的pleasing令人高兴的satisfy使满意satisfied感到满意的satisfying令人满意的frighten使害怕frightened 感到害怕的frightening令人害怕的tire使疲倦tired 感到疲倦的tiring 令人疲倦的bore使厌烦bored 感到厌烦的boring令人厌烦的relax使放松relaxed 感到放松的relaxing令人放松的fascinate使神魂颠倒fascinated感到神魂颠倒的fascinating令人神魂颠倒的annoy使恼怒annoyed感到恼怒的annoying令人恼怒的move使感动moved 感到感动的moving令人感动的练 习. 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空。1. The children were _ after the trip. (tire)2. The trip was _. (tire)3. The _ children went to bed early after the trip. (tire)4. The _ trip lasted a whole day. (tire)5. The trip made the children _. (tire)6. The bad weather made the trip _. (tire)7. Toms parents are _ at his _ results of the exams. (disappoint)8. _ and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint)9. It is _ that he didnt pass the examination. (disappoint)10. When hearing the _ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were _ to look at each other. (surprise)11. He was _ about his _ son. (worry)12. Im not _ with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy)13. He was _ with the _ person. (annoy)14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a _ look on his face. (frighten)15. The situation here is _ and we are _. (encourage)16. I find the shopping very _. I get very _ in supermarkets. (bore)I am _ in science. I think its very _.17. (interest)18. I dont find basketball _. I only get _ when I watch football. (excite)19. He said he was _ (please) with the progress of economy, but I found some of what he said was _ (worry). 单项选择。1. From his _ voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.A. satisfactoryB. satisfying C. satisfiedD. satisfaction2. 【2002春】 Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.Mm, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasantD.pleased; pleasant3. 【2003北京春】Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring【2004重庆】Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents4. _. A. worriedB. to worriedC. worryingD. worry5. He had never spent a _ day.A. more worryB. most worrying C. more worryingD. more worried6. 【2006安徽】Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. A. interestedB. interesting C. interestinglyD. interestedly7. How did you find your visit to the museum?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected.A. far more interestingB. even much interestedC. so more interestingD. a lot much interested8. Poor boy! His _ looks and _ hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; tremblingB. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembly 9. What seemed most _ to me was that no one thought of his own safety.A. surprisedB. surprise C. surprisingD. to surprise. 1. tired 2. tiring 3. tired 4.tiring5. tired 6.tiring7.disappointed; disappointing8. disappointed9. disappointing10. surprising; surprised11. worried; worrying 12.satisfied13. annoyed; annoying14. frightened15. encouraging; encouraged16.boring; bored17. interested, interesting18. exciting; excited19. pleased; worrying. 1.C2.D3.A4.A5.C 6.A7.A8.B9.C副词副词 1. 副词主要修饰动词，very, quite, really, pretty, rather, terribly (很，可怕地) 等也可以修饰形容词和别的副词。如：He runs quickly. It will be terribly cold tomorrow. 2. 有的副词还可以修饰全句，如：Luckily, his son was saved by the kind-hearted lady. 比较：1） He got very happy.(got变得，联系动词) He played very happily.(played 玩，行为动词) 2）The song sounded very wonderfully.(错) The song sounded very wonderful. (对) The singer sang very wonderful. (错) The singer sang very wonderfully. (对) 3. 形容词和副词可以相互转化：大多数形容词可以在词尾加上ly变成副词（有一定的规则），也有少部分形容词和副词相同（如fast adj.快的；adv. 快地. hard adj.难的，硬的；adv.努力），个别形容词和副词根本不同（如good adj.好 well adv.好） 考点1. 根据所作的句子成分选用形容词和副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词，这时，副词作状语；作定语、表语和补语时一般用形容词。可简单归结为：形作“定表补”；副修“副句形动”(可谐音记为“付诸行动”)，常做状语。常见的使用形容词的情况：作表语、定语、补语。He is a careful boy.（作定语，用形容词）He is careful.（作表语，用形容词）You must keep your eyes closed. （作宾语补足语，用形容词）。常见的使用副词的情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词)This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词用副词）He runs very slowly.（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词）. 用括号内词的形容词或副词形式的适当形式填空, 并说明为什么用这种形式。1. This math problem is _ and I can work it out _.(easy)2. There was a _ wind last night, it blew _.(strong)3. The boys have a _ time, theyre playing _.(happy)4. The_ girl sings very _. (beautiful)5. “Ive missed it,” Robert said _. (angry)6. _（surprising）, he returned safe and sound (安然无恙地) the next morning.7. _ (hope), he can get on well with all his classmates in the new school.8. _, he didnt fail in the exam.(luck)9. He was _ ill and I was _ sorry for that. (terrible)10. It was _ (extreme) cold that day and the meeting was _ (especial) important.11. He is an _ singer and he sings _ well. (incredible). 选择括号内的形容词或副词填空。The hikers were walking (1.slow/slowly) up the mountain path. Suddenly, they saw a large creature above them. It looked very (2. strange/strangely), with a large head and thick black hair. The creature screamed (尖叫) （3. loud/loudly. ）It sounded (4.horrible /horribly), like the scream of a mad person. Then the creature ran (5.quick/quickly) behind a rock. When the hikers got there, they saw big footprints in the snow and some black hair on the rocks. The hair was dirty and smelled （6. terrible/terribly）. The hikers (7. careful /carefully) took photos. From that moment they started to feel (8.anxious/anxiously) and they slept (9.bad/badly) that night. When they got back home, they developed (冲洗) the photos. There was nothing there, only snow and rocks!. 单项选择。1. 【1991全国】These oranges taste _. A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well2. 【2006上海春】Some experts think that language learning is much _ for children as their tongues are more flexible. A. easyB. easierC. easily D. more easily3. 【2009福建】It seems that living green is _ easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. A. exactlyB. fortunatelyC. surprisinglyD. hardly 4. What do you think of the plan? I feel _ that we ought to give it up at once.A. strongB. strongerC. stronglyD. it strong5. 【1993全国】She doesnt speak _ her friend, but her written work is excellent. A. as well asB. so often as C. so much asD. as good as6. 【2004上海】He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. A. as flue