动名词作主语和宾语.doc

动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语）动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前作主语1.谓语用单数。Climbing mountains is really fun.Swimming is my favorite sport.Reading is an art.Getting up early is a good habit.例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？-_ her new bicycle.A. As she lost BLost CLosing DBecause of losing2. 使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾。Its no use doing Its no good doingIts a waste of time doing 例：Its no good_ (wait) here.Its no use _(argue) with her.Its no good _(smoke), youd better give it up.Its a waste of time _(wait) here.No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).作宾语习惯上接动名词作宾语的动词【附记忆口诀】其后习惯上要跟动名词作宾语的常见动词有以下词汇：, admit, appreciate, avoid, burst out, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, (cant) help, imagine, keep (on), mind, miss, practise, prevent, put off, resist, risk, (cant) stand, stop, suggest, understand 等。如：用法举例：He admitted having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。It was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。She burst out crying (laughing, singing). 她突然哭(笑，唱)起来。Ive often considered studying abroad. 我经常在想出国留学。They have put off leaving. 他们已推迟动身。She enjoys helping her parents with the housework. 她喜欢帮她母亲做家务。There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱做这项工作。Please excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我误拆了你的信。There was a deadly silence after she finished speaking. 她说完话后是一片沉默。Please forgive my interrupting. 请原谅我打扰了。The doctor told me to give up smoking. 医生叫我戒烟。Can you imagine living without electricity? 你能想象没有电的生活吗?My shoe laces keep coming undone. 我的鞋带老是松开。Nobody mentioned going there helping her. 没有人提到要去那儿帮助她。We dont mind waiting. 我们不介意等候。He just missed being struck. 他险些儿被打着。They are practising singing the new song. 他们正在练习唱新歌。We decided to put off leaving. 我们决定推迟动身。Were willing to risk losing our jobs. 我们愿冒失业的危险。He suggested going together in one car. 他建议大家一起坐一辆汽车去。I just cant understand his him stealing the money. 我简直无法理解他为什么要偷钱。后面只能用动名词做宾语的动词记忆口诀考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练 否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险 不禁介意准逃亡 难以忍受始反对 想要成功坚持忙习惯放弃有困难 导致专心防道歉解析：第一句包含的动词有：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon,第二节包含的动词有：admit, delay/put off, fancy,第三句包含的动词有：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,第四句句包含的动词有：deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate,第五句包含的动词有：forbid, imagine, risk第六句包含的动词有：cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape.第七句包含的动词有：cant stand(难以忍受），set about 开始，着手，object to,第八句包含动词有：feel like（想要），succeed in (成功)，stick to(坚持) ，insist on（坚持，强调，坚决要求） ，be busy (in)（忙于做某事）第九句包含的动词有：be used/accustomed to(习惯于)， give up（放弃）, have difficulty/trouble (in), （做某事有困难）第十句包含的动词有：lead to（导致）, devote to（将奉献给；把专用于） , prevent from（ 预防，防止），apologize for（为道歉）, ,此外，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in),thank you for, pay attention to, aim at 目的在于，旨在；瞄准；企图 ,accuseof 控告；谴责 ， get down to, etc.例如：I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island（上海高考）While shopping, people sometimes cant help being persuaded into buying something they dont really need (上海) I cant stand working with Jane in the same office, she just refuses to stop talking while she works.(北京)接动名词作宾语的动词速记口诀Mrs.PBlackmissedabeefbag.（P.布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋。）妙语诠释该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：M=mind，r=risk，s=succeed in，P=practice，B=be busy，l=look forward to，a=admit， c=canthelp，k=keep on，m=miss，i=insist on，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，a=avoid，b=be worth，a=advise，g=give up.例: Our monitor suggested _a discussion of this subject.Ato have Bshould have Chave Dhaving(2)只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen 碰巧， offer 主动提出， promise 答应， agree 同意，refuse拒绝， decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装， fail 未能够， learn 学习， wish希望，hope，希望 expect，期待，期望 afford 负担得起。(3)接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，cant bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止。注1：v-ing形式表示经常性、概括性的动作，不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。如：She likes singing, but she doesnt like to sing today注2：在begin, start, continue后跟v-ing形式和不定式作宾语没有区别，但start，begin本身为进行式或后接realize, wonder, understand等心理活动的词时，常用不定式作宾语。如：I began to realize that I was wrong(4)下列单词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过Remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过Regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过Try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做Go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做例：1. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting2.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well，now I regret _that.Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done(5)need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如：The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing/to be discussed.(6)permit, allow, forbid, require(要求)doing sth./ sb to do sth.跟人作宾语后，必须用不定式作补语。例如：This room wont allow smoking.在这间屋里不准吸烟。We do not allow anybody to smoke here.这里不许吸烟。例：What do you think of the book？ -Oh，excellentIts worth _a second time Ato read Bto be read Creading Dbeing read动名词的时态和语态动名词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式所表示的动作或是与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或是在句中谓语动词动作之后发生；而它的完成式所表示的动作则一般发生在句中谓语动词动作之前。例1：While shopping，people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really needAto persuade Bpersuading Cbeing persuaded Dbe persuaded例2:Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party Ahaving not been invited Bnot having invitedChaving not invited Dnot having been invited动名词的复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Janes being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)Whats troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=Whats troubling them is that they have not enough food.)在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling（Key：C；换成your calling也对）例:What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospitalAhis not allowingBhis not being allowedChis being not allowedDhaving not been allowed选择最佳选项：1is a good form of exercise for young and oldA.Walk B.Walked C.To walk D.Walking2You were brave enough to raise objections at the meetingWell, now I regret thatAto do Bto be doing Chave done Dhaving done 3I dont regret even if it might have upset her Ato tell her what I thought Bto have told her that I thoughtCtelling what I thought Dtelling her what I thought4The library needs , but it will have to wait until SundayAcleaning Bto clean Cclean Dbeing cleaned5I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days Asail Bto sail Csailing Dto have sailed6I must apologize for ahead of time Thats all right Aletting you not know Bnot letting you knowCletting you know not Dletting not you know7What do you think of the novelOh, its really Awell worth reading Bvery good to readCworthy reading Dworth to be read8Whats troubling them is enough experienced workersAthat they having no Bthey not haveCtheir not having Dnot