名词性从句讲练.doc

名词性从句名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句名词性从句和名词一样，在句中可担任主语，表语、宾语、同位语引导名词性从句的连接词有连接代词who , whose , whom , what , which连接副词when , where , why , how连接词that , whether , if , as if连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分，连接词在句中不充当句子成分I. 主语从句在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。例如：1. Who will go is not important.2. What we need is more time.3. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.4. That the earth is round is true.= It is true that the earth is round.5. Whether he will come hasnt been decided.= It hasnt been decided whether he will come.【注意】连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。6. Who let out the news remained unknown. = It remained unknown who let out the news.7. How this happened is still a question.8. It is not clear when we will start.9. Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone.= It is not clear to anyone why he didnt come here.10. Who / which is right isnt known to us.【注意】who , which , how , when , where , why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。另外，有的“It.主语从句”已成为固定结构。如：a. It is名词从句It is a pity that we cant go.b. It is形容词从句It is clear that Tom has returned.c. It is过去分词从句It is said / reported / believed / known.（翻译）据报道一家网吧昨夜着火了。It was reported that the Net Bar caught fire last night.II. 表语从句在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句。它一般位于主句系动词之后。Thats what we should do.The reason for my absence was that I was ill.（翻译）那就是他为什么今早没赶上火车。Thats why he didnt catch the train this morning.（翻译）那是因为他今早起晚了。Thats because he got up late this morning.1. be , seem , look, sound, appear等动词后均可跟表语从句：My suggestion is that we should go shopping.It seems that it is going to rain.2. as , as if /though也可引导表语从句It looks as if its going to rain.He looked just as he had looked ten years before.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.【注意】在表语从句中，当reason做主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用because。如：The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus.III. 宾语从句在句子中担当宾语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做宾语从句。1. 作动词宾语I dont know what I was thinking of.I wonder if I might give you a necklace.I expect (that) I shall be back on Sunday.【注意】在口语中，that引导宾语从句时常常省略。但两个that从句并列时后边的that一般不省略。若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it。He doesnt want it to be known that he is going away.I consider it necessary that he should do it again.【否定前移】当主句是I / we think , suppose , expect , believe , guess , imagine时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定的，常常把否定词not从从句中移到主句中。I dont believe they will win the game.I dont think you will help me with the chemistry experiment, will you?We dont expect he is coming.【注】此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we。而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。I dont think he can do it, can he?I dont think you are right, are you?在suggest insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、要求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，即should +动词原形，should常被省略。如I insisted that he (should) do it at once.She suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.2. 作介词宾语The teacher is satisfied with what I said.Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.3. 作afraid , glad , certain , sure等形容词的宾语Im afraid that I will be late.Im afraid (that) you dont understand what I said.Im surprised (that) I didnt see all that before.【注意】wonder（想知道），doubt（怀疑）的肯定句接if, whether引导的宾语从句，但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。I doubt whether if he will succeed. I do not doubt that he can recite the poem. Do you doubt that he will win? 4. 用it作形式宾语的情况1）和it作形式主语一样，我们常用it来做形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. He has made it clear that he will not give n. 2）由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语，因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须使用it作形式宾语。You may depend on it that I shall always support you. Ill see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 3)在take, hide, see to, insist on, depend on等动词以及一些表示爱好的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, dont mind, resent 等）之后，形式宾语it可直接跟宾语从句。I take it that hes not interested in the book.She hid it that she was married. I dont like it when you look at me like that!4). it不能作由连接代词 whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever引导的宾语从句的形式宾语。You may do whatever you will.Ill take whichever book interests me.We are ready to offer help to whoever needs it. 5. 宾语从句的语序和其他词性从句一样，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。How can I get to the station Can you tell me?Can you tell me how I can get to the station What does he like I wonderI wonder what he likes.Where were you born He askedHe asked me where I was born.比较：He asked me what was the matter. (the matter = wrong)He asked me what the matter（物质） was. 6. 宾语从句中的时态1在一般情况下，宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致，尤其是主句为过去时态时。He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation. 他说自解放以来他一直住在北京。He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English. 他明确地说他更喜欢学英语。2有时，宾语从句中时态也可以和主句不一致。You cant imagine how they were excited when they won the first place in the game.你无法想象他们获得比赛第一名时是多么的兴奋。Can you make sure where you have pu the gold ring 你能确定你把金戒指放哪儿了吗？3客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun. 迈克问地球是否绕着太阳转。Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。Whether与if在名词从句中的用法Whether可以用于所有的名词从句中，if只用于宾语从句中，两者都不能省略。（1）在引导宾语从句（动词宾语从句）时，whether和if可以互换，但如果出现or not则只能用whetherI dont know whether / if I can come.= I dont know whether I can come or not.（2）介词的宾语从句只能用whether引导We worried about whether he was in good health or not.（3）宾语前置时通常用whether引导Whether he will come, Im not sure.（4）引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时都用whetherThe question is whether you can do it yourself.（表语从句）Whether they will win is all the same to me.（主语从句）The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasnt been decided.（同位语从句）（5）和动词不定式连接时，只能用whetherI havent decided whether to go there or not.IV. 同位语从句如果担任同位语的是一个句子，则这个句子是同位语从句。一般位于名词如fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule之后，说明其具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will come back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised us everybody.They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.Where did you get the idea that I could not comeWe havent yet settled the question where we are going t spend our summer vacation.I. 【填词1】1. Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.2. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.3. It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.4. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.5. _ makes the book so extraordinary(出色的) is the creative(创造的) imagination of the writer.6. Its good to know_ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.7. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.8. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.9. From space, the earth looks blue. This is _about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.10. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.【填词2】1. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.3. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.4. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.5. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time.6. It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.7. It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.8. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.9. Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.10. I made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.11. The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.12. From space, the earth looks blue. This is _about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.13. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.II. 汉译英1. 我不知道他是否通过了英语考试。（pass the exam）_2. 你所告诉我的是非常重要的。（important）_3. 我把你所告诉我的记住了。（keep sth in mind）_4. 我认为明天不会下雨。（tomorrow）_5. 我怀疑这本小说是否值得一看。（doubt; novel; be worth）_6. 我不能肯定你是否对。（be sure）_7. 我认为会议不应该延期。（put off）_8. 众所周知中国足球队赢了这场比赛。(It is well