the last leaf.ppt.ppt

thelastleafo henry williamsydneyporter o henry 1862 1910 chargedwithembezzlingfundsfromthebankintexas fledtohonduraswhenhiswifewasdying hereturnedtotexasin1897 heturnedhimselftotheauthoritiesandservedthreeyearsinprisonhebegantowriteshortstoriesusedthepseudonymo henry themaincharacters i mjustapoorartistlivingwithmybestfriendjohnsy it sgettingreallycold andjohnsyhascomedownwithpneumonia thedoctordoesn tgivejohnsymuchhopeofsurviving thisbreaksmyheart ifeelsosickandi mtired iknowiwilldiesoon ijustwanttoholdonuntilthelastleafoftheivybranchfalls soonthelastleafwllfall andiwilldie too whatisthisnonsense thelittlegirlthinksshewilldiewhenaleaffallsfromavine thisiscrazyimustdosomethingtoprotectthepoorlittlething averyquickpreviewofthefiction comments althoughohenrycertainlydidnotinventtheshortstory hemasteredthisformandperfectedthetechniqueofthesurpriseending ohenrybecameamasteratdoingthisbylayingtheconstructionfortheseendingsinthestoryitself hegiveshintstohisreadersoftheendingstocomebybrieflyincludingdetailsthatseemunimportantatfirstmemories butbecomeimmenselyimportantwhenthesurpriseendingis revealed anexampleofthisisinthestory thelastleaf wherereaderseescluesofwhattheoldartistlivingdowntownshasdonetosavethelifeofthegirlupstairs 尽管短篇小说这种文学形式并非欧亨利首创的 但他堪称这种文体的大师级人物 而且还将出人意料的结局这种技巧发扬至完美 在故事展开的过程中 他就开始为结局埋下伏笔 手法非常熟稔巧妙 通过那些初看似乎无关紧要的细节 设置 他不断给读者以小小的暗示 然而 直到故事真相大白的那一刻 读者才会意识到当初那些细枝末节是多么重要 最后一片叶子就是一个典型例子 在这篇小说里 读者其实可以发现很多蛛丝马迹 揭示了楼下的那位老画家是如何挽救那位姑娘的生命的 weknowtheoldmanhasbeenwaitinghiswholelifetopainthismasterpiece butwedon texpecthinto notuntiltheveryendingdowerealizethattheoldartisthasindeedfulfilledhisdreamwhileatthesametime fatallyinjuringhimselfinaselflessactofkindness o herryisamasteratleadingthereaderdownonepathofexpectation andthenshatteringtheseexpectation andthanshatteringtheseexpectationsatthesurprisingconclusionofthestory however justasin thelastleaf theseendingsarerarelyrandomactsofcruelfate instead theyarecarefullyconstructedbythemasterfulauthortoshowthereaderthehumanityofourfrailandsometimesfoolish butalsogenerousandkindnature 我们都知道 那位老人终生都在等待创出一部经典画作 可我们觉得是白日做梦 直到小说结尾 我们才意识到 他确确实实实现了梦想 同时却因为自己善良无私的行为身染重病致死 在小说中 欧亨利非常善于引导读者满怀期望地开始