英语论文-Discussions on the Emotional Education in English Teaching.pdf

毕业论文 设计 1 discussions on the emotional education in english teaching discussions on the emotional education in english teaching 1 1 introduction 1 2 the scope of research for the emotional factors 2 2 1 motivation 3 2 2 self confidence 5 2 3anxiety 5 2 4 empathy 6 3 the emotional influence from teachers 7 3 1 loving and trusting students 8 3 2 being earnest and responsible for teaching 9 3 3 being honest about his weaknesses and ignorance 9 4 the principles and practice of emotional education in english teaching 10 4 1 the principles of emotional education in english teaching 10 4 1 1 making happiness a medium of education 10 4 1 2 making emotion a medium of education 10 4 1 3applying encouragement and praise 11 4 2the practice of emotional education in english teaching 11 4 2 1analyzing motivation and inspire students 12 4 2 2 developing students learning potential ability 13 4 2 3 making students feel very pleasant in class 13 4 2 4 creating the emotionalatmosphere 14 4 2 5 creating the learning atmosphere 15 4 2 6 classroomactivities 15 5 guidelines for emotional education in english teaching 16 5 1allowing some students to keep silent in class 16 5 2 having tolerantattitude towards students 16 5 3 being patient to students 17 5 4 keeping in high spirits 17 5 5 teachers praise should not exceed a certain degree 18 6 conclusion 18 references 19 毕业论文 设计 2 1 introduction for a long time english teaching in our country has excessively laid special emphasis on functions of cognition but neglected emotional factors on english learning teaching aims are only confined to the mastery of knowledge as is known to all teaching activities are proceeded between teachers and students teachers only consider their professional skills and the contents they teach comparatively they seldom observe students emotional experience it seems that there is an invisible wall between teachers and students so that students can t communicate their ideas and feelings with teachers so it is hard for teachers to have lessons in an effective way emotion in terms of psychology and physiology is a reflection to the stimulus from outside environment for example when students are treated wrongly they feel disgusted worried or scared this is an expression of emotion emotion is another terminology of feelings with a positive or a negative effect on english learning when individual viewpoints and life experiences differ teachers should pay attention to students emotional factors compared with traditional education emotional education has become more and more important teachers emotion can also affect students english learning teachers play guiding roles in exciting the students emotion in order to give a positive influence on students english learning teachers should guide students emotion towards positive orientation meanwhile teachers should apply successfully emotional education in english teaching and set a good example for students to follow 毕业论文 设计 3 2 the scope of research for the emotional factors during the english teaching activities some students are active optimistic interested in the subjects they respect teachers and communicate with teachers actively on the other hand some feel anxious bored about the subjects they fear teachers even dislike them there are so many emotional factors that cause this phenomenon such as motivation self confidence and anxiety krashen calls them the affective filter factors but in the actual english teaching there are some other factors that influence it which includes attitude inhibition self esteem extroversion and introversion empathy classroom transactions and cross cultural processes and so on the following four aspects are the main factors that affect the foreign language teaching 2 1 motivation corder s phrase given motivation any one can learn a language implicates the importance of motivation in language learning according to h douglas brown 1987 114 motivation is commonly thought of as an inner drive impulse emotion or desire that moves one to a particular action more specifically human beings universally have needs or drives that are more or less innate yet their intensity is environmentally conditioned the description captures the essence of motivation that is to say motivation which consists of several variables such as need and interest can be intrinsic or extrinsic and it is an important fact researchers also investigated the construct of motivation while gardner 1985 10 holds that motivation is a combination of effort plus desire to achieve the goal of learning the language plus favorable attitudes toward learning the language ausubel 毕业论文 设计 4 proposes six fold concept of motivation which comes from desires or needs of human organisms the need for exploration the need for manipulation the need for activity the need for stimulation the need for knowledge and the need for ego enhancement maslow also listed hierarchical human needs which are possible factors in account for motivation all the needs above contribute in stimulating learners and thus impel them to the fulfillment of needs in learning there are two kinds of classifications of motivation the first kind is intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation from the perspective of general psychology motivation can be divided into two types intrinsic motivation which there is no apparent reward except the activity itself and extrinsic motivation which emphasizes the role of extrinsic rewards and punishment many researchers are strongly in favor of intrinsic motivation because intrinsically motivated behaviors result from personal needs and it reflects learners personal choice decision free will interest and individual evaluation of self and task keller 1984 cited in ellis1994 identifies interest as one of the main elements of motivation maslow 1970 also claimed that intrinsic motivation is clearly superior to extrinsic according to his hierarchy of needs people will ultimately motivate to achieve self actualization once the basic needs are met whether the extrinsic rewards are presented or not however emphasizing the importance of intrinsic motivation does not mean that extrinsic motivation is not important the relationship between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation is just like that between internal and external causes which cooperate with each other another kind of classification of motivation is proposed by gardner and lambert in the field of second language acquisition in their studies a positive correlation of motivation and attitude with achievements in english learning was found they proposed an integrative instrumental duality by examining motivation as a factor of a number of 毕业论文 设计 5 different kinds of attitudes instrumental motivation refers to motivation to acquire a language as means for attaining instrumental goals furthering a career reading technical material translation and so forth an integrative motive is employed when learners wish to investigate themselves within the culture of the second language group to identify themselves with and become apart of that society brown 1987 115 the two types of motivation are not necessarily mutually exclusive brown 1987 116 they combine together to serve as a powerful predicator of success in language learning it s arbitrary to say one is superior to another 2 2 self confidence self confidence is another important affective factor for english teaching it is the basis of psychology that one gets to success and self rate to worthiness no matter cognition or affect self confidence is crucial to them a large number of researches have been shown that while students self confidence is protected and encouraged their cognitiveactivitiesarebest sowhetherteacherscancultivatethestudents self confidence or how much they can cultivate will decide whether the teachers can have successful lessons a successful teacher must firstly foster the students enthusiasm and confidence about their study 梁梧生 2005 2 3 anxiety anxiety is a kind of psychology which means learners feel scared nervous fidgety and afraid of making mistakes during their studies anxiety is quite possibly the emotional factor that most commonly hinder learners from making progress it is associated with negative feelings such as uneasiness frustration self doubt apprehensive and tension arnold 1999 8 heron 1989 33 makes reference to the anxiety which 毕业论文 设计 6 arises out of a group situation that are relevant to the language classroom can students be accepted liked wanted can students understand what is going on can students be able to do what they have come to learn ellis 1994 481 484 mentioned three kinds of anxiety dispositive anxiety once anxiety and situational anxiety dispositive anxiety is a more long runned anxiety it s also one aspect of character once or state anxiety happens in a moment it is the product of the combination of dispositive and situational anxiety situational anxiety is a kind of anxiety mood which happens in practical situation or events such as attending public speech taking exams and so on generally speaking anxiety usually root in students competitive nature because students are ambitious they like comparing themselves with classmates if they find that others have more ability or perform better than themselves then anxiety will come out another reason is culture impact that students worry about they lose themselves in the target culture under the circumstances of classroom students often meet three anxieties worry about they can not be fluent or right when communicating with the target language afraid of taking exams and bring low estimation about themselves as for the effect of anxiety some experts divide it into two kinds facilitative and obstructive anxiety the former activates the students to overcome difficulties challenge the new study tasks and strive to overcome the feeling of anxiety while the latter leads to the students avoid the source of anxiety ellis 1994 479 482 arnold and brown have different point of views they support that when anxiety is presented in classroom there is a down spiraling effect anxiety makes us nervous and afraid and thus contributes to poor performance worry wastes energy that should be used for memory and processing on a type of anxiety it should be a extent about anxiety although it is difficult to decide the anxiety level people often have anxiety before learning a new curriculum or a language but if one worries about he can t master it well 毕业论文 设计 7 maybe it can result a longer time motivation for him so our ideas about anxiety should not only stop on the disadvantages 戴曼纯 2000 2 4 empathy the definition of empathy is the process of putting yourself into someone s shoes a student should not give up his own feeling or understanding even not need to agree with the positive aspects of others it is simply an appreciation possibly in a detached manner of the identity of another individual or culture it is closely related to cultural relatively which frees us from our conditioning and helps us to recognize that our way is not the only way and possibly not even the best way arnold 1999 in this case empathy is good for the language study and communication which can promote the harmony between teachers and students 3 the emotional influence from teachers teachers are engineers of the human spirit who shoulder the social responsibility of fostering talent and are the professional contingents in education 袁士朴 齐德峰 刘 新义 1998 356 teacher s speech behavior and facilitating role have a great influence on the formation of the students world outlook on life students will be deeply influenced by their teachers good character or strong points such as keenness for work devotion to the educational cause kindness to students rich knowledge assiduity friendliness etc they will voluntarily follow their teachers as example and will never forget some good teachers if a teacher gives a very successful lesson the students may keep it in mind for 毕业论文 设计 8 quite a few years students especially the younger ones would like to have a close relation with their teachers they often regard their teachers highly as the old and their relatives teachers should set up a friendly relationship with the students a teacher with a caring attitude towards the students is more likely to win the trust and cooperation from the students if the students are afraid of the teacher or trying to keep a respectful distance from the teacher how can we expect them to participate in the classroom activities so the teacher must be sensitive to the students needs he must love them trust them and be patient to them in turn the students respect the teacher and would be more cooperative so teachers should set a good example for students and instruct by perception and example every time and everywhere 3 1 loving and trusting students a teacher who cares and shares the needs joys and sorrows of the students certainly wins their trust and respect in front of students the teacher often stands at a superior position but remember that every student no matter how young he is has his own dignity so try to address them by name and avoid criticizing them in public for instance many teachers believe that they should keep a student who is absent minded in class alert by giving abrupt questions to them in fact this method has no positive effect and only hurts the students feeling because he thinks that the teacher just want to embarrass him in front of the class ferster 1975 teachers should trust every student the premise of trustworthiness is respect teachers should have the same attitude towards different students students should be trusted respected and taken good care of the youngsters are pure enthusiastic and always active if they are respected trusted and encouraged they will fully develop their 毕业论文 设计 9 intelligence and have a high zeal for study in the process of teaching teachers should try their best to enable every student to have a chance to display their capability teachers should show their trustworthiness to students they should believe that every student has his own capability what s more teachers should treat the students as friends in this case they are more likely to establish a good relationship with the students and win their trust in trustful eyes of teachers students are willing to learn in turn teachers are willing to teach 3 2 being earnest and responsible for teaching a teacher should be earnest and responsible for his work students can easily find out whether a teacher is responsible for or cares for his work before the teacher goes into the classroom he must have fully prepared his lessons after class he must carefully mark the exercise books and give specific comments on their work at times the teacher should have an individual talk with each student of his class about the weaknesses the students have and the progress the students have made this kind of talking should be about honesty emotion encouragement and inspiration during the talking teachers should encourage the students to overcome their weaknesses 3 3beinghonestabouthisweaknessesand ignorance english teachers should be honest about their weaknesses and ignorance if he does not know something he would like to admit it frankly but he always tries to make it up after class for instance if a student asks a question he cannot answer or he is not sure of he would tell him that he will consult reference books or ask experts and he will tell him later on to acknowledge one s ignorance does not lose his face on the contrary it shows 毕业论文 设计 10 his confidence and modesty barber 1984 4 the principles and practice of emotional education in english teaching 4 1 the principles of emotional education in english teaching there are three principles in emotional education in english teaching that is making happiness a medium of education making emotion a medium of education applying encouragement and praise 4 1 1 making happiness a medium of education teaching in happiness is the core one of emotional teaching principles which can create relaxed pleasant learning atmosphere and increase students interest in english learning but nowadays many teachers and students consider english as the subject which has to be passed in the entrance of college examination a large quantity of words grammar principles of pronunciation make students feel bored it is necessary for teachers to arrange teaching content suitably try their best to create excellent condition and environment in english application for example teachers should hold english party english evening english songs competition story telling english corner english film or tv show in this way students will not consider english as a barrier any longer 毕业论文 设计 11 4 1 2 making emotion a medium of education teaching in emotion is an important one of emotional teaching principles emotion can transfer signal and has the function of influence consequently teacher s main emotion should be happy which can be helpful to create relaxed pleasant emotional atmosphere let students take part in the learning activities in happy condition when teachers come into classroom with a big smile students will feel intimate and warm in this case students will absorb new knowledge easily if teachers come into classroom with unhappy expression students will feel stressed and constrained and this would cause students to have psychological barrier hinder students absorbing new knowledge at the same time a teacher should conduct himself sedately and keep in high spirits all the time for their fine mental attitude may have a great influence on every student present consequently teachers should pay attention to their spirit condition because it directly affects the moods of students 4 1 3applying encouragement and praise interest is a good teacher and confidence is the basic of success but where does interest and confidence come from they mainly come from successful experience or from psyc