论庞德对中国古典诗歌中意象的翻译--以《华夏集》为例从译者地位的角度进行分析.pdf

论庞德对中国古典诗歌中意象的翻译论庞德对中国古典诗歌中意象的翻译 以 华夏集 为例从译者地位的角度以 华夏集 为例从译者地位的角度 进行分析进行分析 on ezra pound s translation of images in chinese classical poetry an analysis on the translation of images in cathay from the perspective of translator s status 学科专业 外国语言学及应用语言学 研 究 生 吕行 指导教师 杨福玲 教授 天津大学文法学院 二零一三年五月 独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果 除了文中 特别加以标注和致谢之处外 论文中不包含其它人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果 也不包含为获得 天津大学天津大学 或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料 与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的 任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意 学位论文作者签名 签字日期 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解 天津大学天津大学 有关保留 使用学位论文的规定 特授权 天津大天津大 学学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索 并采用影印 缩印或扫描等复制 手段保存 汇编以供查阅和借阅 同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明 学位论文作者签名 导师签名 签字日期 年 月 日 签字日期 年 月 日 i 摘摘 要要 对于庞德翻译理论及译作的研究在国内外学术界并不罕见 在众多翻译理论 家中 庞德是极其特殊的一位 主要表现在两点 首先 庞德提出了自己的翻译 理论 同时也是一位译者 翻译理论大多来自翻译实践 其次 不同于其他翻译 了理论家 庞德的翻译理论并没有形成体系 而是散见于其发表的文章中 作为 译者 庞德曾翻译大量中国古代诗歌 其译作最大的特点是保留意象 而忽略诗 歌形式 音律等其他因素 具有很强的改写特点 华夏集 作为庞德翻译的代 表作 得到了诸多学者的研究 尤其是从意象角度进行分析 更为多见 译者地位这一理论由来已久 许多学者对此提出了自己的观点 译者地位的 发展是与翻译理论共同发展的 从最初的隐身译者到原作的服务者 再到译者在 翻译过程中与原作者同样具有主体性 译者地位的发展经历了诸多阶段 目前 多数学者认为 在翻译实践中 应当给予译者一定的创作空间 对原作进行一定 程度的再创作 运用译者地位理论分析译作在翻译理论研究中还并不多见 鉴于 此 本文将运用这一理论分析庞德的译作 本文认为 庞德将译者地位提升到了 前所未有的高度 即译者同原作者一样是文章的主人 应当对文章在译入语读者 中的呈现负责 在诗歌翻译中 译者应当充分发挥主体性 不应受到原诗限制 要以意象为中心 用意象的力量让译作读者体会到诗的意境 译者应当对原诗做 必要的改写 去掉不必要的修饰 直接将意象呈现出来 体现诗的精髓 本文对庞德译作的研究也是从意象角度出发 选取 华夏集 当中的两首译 作进行具体分析 主要从庞德在意象翻译中如何体现译者主体性这一点进行分 析 在回顾译者地位这一理论的基础上进行论述 最终得出结论 即庞德对中国 古诗意象进行翻译的过程中 充分发挥了译者的主人公地位 不拘泥于原作 对 原作进行大胆改写 重意象而轻形式 其译作是译者中心地位的完美体现 关键词 关键词 埃兹拉 庞德 华夏集 意象翻译 译者地位 ii abstract ezra pound is widely known as a poet and a pioneer of imagism his imagist thought has inspired a large amount of modern poets since he is regarded as father of american poetry his poetry has attracted plenty of research even until present but his two other identities a translator as well as a translation theorist should not be neglected either as a translation theorist he did not establish a theoretical system his translation methodology and thoughts are mostly extracted from his translation practice and his creation in translation enjoys both praise and critique cathay is one of pound s masterpieces which contain nineteen translation works of chinese classical poems pound s translation ideas could be obviously seen in this work affected by his imagist thought he paid more attention to the translation of images instead of trying hard to maintain the line structure or sound effect the theory of translator s status has been proposed and researched for long different scholars have different interpretations on it today most scholars have made an agreement on the fact that translators should be given proper freedom for re composition a translator is not invisible any more nor is he she the servant of the source text the thesis notices that there is not much research on pound s translation works from the perspective of translator s status and that pound s translation of chinese classical poetry image translation in particular is just a perfect reflection of his idea that the translator is the host of a literary work to be translated that is a translator has the right to make changes to the original work if necessary the thesis selects two translated poems from cathay that could reflect pound s viewpoints of translator s status and makes detailed analyses on them thus drawing a conclusion that pound s translation of images could perfectly represent a translator s subjectivity key words ezra pound cathay image translation the translator s status iii contents 摘摘 要要 i abstract ii contents iii introduction 1 chapter 1 literature review 3 1 1 literature review of ezra pound s translation theory 3 1 2 literature review of ezra pound s translation works 4 1 3 literature review of translator s status 5 chapter 2 an introduction to ezra pound and his translation of chinese classical poetry 7 2 1 ezra pound and imagism 7 2 1 1 ezra pound as an imagist 7 2 1 2 the significance of image in pound s literary works 10 2 2 ezra pound s translation theory 11 2 2 1 ezra pound as a translation theorist 11 2 2 2 vortex and vortecism 12 2 2 3 juxtaposition and superposition 13 2 2 4 pound s categorization of poetry and the translatability of each type 15 2 3 ezra pound s translation of chinese classical poetry 17 2 3 1 images in chinese classical poetry 17 2 3 2 ezra pound s translation of cathay 19 2 3 3 strategies commonly used in pound s translation of chinese classical poetry 22 chapter 3 a review over the theory of translator s status 27 3 1 lawrence venuti s theory of translator s status 27 3 2 basil hatim while on the other hand critics criticize his failure in being faithful to the original work in his translation he seems to extracts the images in the poems and recombines them into a similar poem instead of translating it literally due to his unique translation style pound s translation theory and translation works also deserve in depth exploration 1 1 literature review of ezra pound s translation theory different from other translators or translation theorists pound not only does translation but also makes research on translation theory but his translation theory is not as systematic as that of the other translation theorists most of his translation thoughts come from his own translation practice and are scattered in his essays later scholars summarize his translation ideas and try to figure out the characteristics as for research on ezra pound academic research on ezra pound and his translation theory are commonly seen both at home and abroad but western scholars tend to investigate his literary works especially poetry they seem less dedicated to his translation works or translation theories this might be due to their lack of 天津大学 2013 届外国语言学及应用语言学专业研究生毕业论文 4 knowledge of chinese language and chinese literature in pound s age actually pound s contribution to translation is by no means inferior to his contribution to literature among all translation theorists pound is a special one which can be reflected mainly in two respects 1 pound proposed his own translation theories but he himself was also a translator who translated a number of chinese ancient literary works 2 his translation theories are not put into a system but are scattered in his prose and papers as a result most of the research on pound s translation theories is trying to establish a framework of his scattered theoretical fragments while research on his translation works are generally made from the perspective of images among scholars abroad the most influential one might be t s eliot since he collected most of pound s poems and essays providing initial sources for later scholars despite the fact that essays on pound s translation and translation theory have emerged in large amount in recent decades both at home and abroad influential works on pound s translation are still countable mary pasterson cheadle s work ezra pound s confucian translations 1997 analyzed the confucian ideology embodied in pound s translation works zhu chaowei in his work construct and reflect 2005 made an analysis on pound s translation theory mainly from the perspective of skopos theory and pointed out some misunderstandings of pound s translations 1 2 literature review of ezra pound s translation works as has been mentioned there are not as much research on pound s translation works abroad as that at home chinese scholars make more research on pound s translation works among them yip wai lim and xie ming have made great contribution the former made his research mainly from the perspective of the relationship between pound and chinese ancient poetry in his work ezra pound s cathay 1969 his research on cathay stands out among the great deal of research on cathay especially his analysis on the translation of images the latter is more concentrated in pound s translation theories in xie ming s academic work pound as a translator 2001 he elaborates his understanding of pound s translation theories pointing out the creativeness and uniqueness of his translation theories and translation 天津大学 2013 届外国语言学及应用语言学专业研究生毕业论文 5 strategies most of the contemporary academic research refers to yip wai lim s and xie ming s viewpoints there is another group of scholars who make research from the perspective of pound and chinese culture with wu qiyao as a representative his work pound and chinese culture 2006 makes an analysis of pound s influence on chinese literature and culture ezra pound s translation especially his translation of chinese poetry and translation theory seem to continue enjoying plenty of research in summary research has been made on pound s translation theory and analysis of pound s translation works but perspectives seem to be limited and not so many dissertations would like to choose pound as the theme since it is hard to dig out something novel but there are still valuable works that offer important materials for later study like those mentioned above the thesis also refers to works by xie ming yip wai lim zhu chaowei t s eliot etc 1 3 literature review of the translator s status the theory of translator s status has long been a widely debated issue in the field of translation theory many scholars in spite of different genres have been continuously proposing arguments a representative of them is lawrence venuti who in his book the translator s invisibility a history of translation presented the development of translator s status when translation first appeared as a job translator was supposed to be invisible since he was only a tool to reproduce what the author wanted to say then the translator was treated as a servant of the source text in charge of assisting the author to show his ideas in front of target readers when the translator s significance was further noticed the translator was upgraded to the center position contributing a great deal to the presentation of the source text under this scope many scholars interpret their thoughts of translator s subjectivity a detailed overview is made in chapter 3 though the list may not cover all the interpretations of the translator s status it could already reflect the tendency that scholars are gradually making a consensus on the translator s subjectivity a translator should never be constrained in the original text and should be given the opportunity to rewrite the text but the boundary of translator s free space gives rise to new issues to be discussed 天津大学 2013 届外国语言学及应用语言学专业研究生毕业论文 6 despite all the discussions the theory has been employed in analysis of translation works translation works such as a dream in red mansions zhang ailing s novels arthur waley s translation works etc have all been analyzed from the perspective of translator s status the thesis is intended to combine pound s translation and the theory of translator s status the author sees that pound s translation especially image translation is a comprehensive reflection of his viewpoints towards translator s status thus an analysis of pound s image translation in his masterpiece cathay from the perspective of translator s status is made in this thesis in hope of enriching and broadening the research perspectives on ezra pound s translation theory and translation works 天津大学 2013 届外国语言学及应用语言学专业研究生毕业论文 7 chapter 2 an introduction to ezra pound and his translation of chinese classical poetry 2 1 ezra pound and imagism in the twentieth century the american literature circle witnesses an emergence of modern poets their modern style was entirely opposed that in the victorian age since ezra pound became a leader of imagism the term imagism is closely linked to the name ezra pound he infused fresh ideas to poetry and was regarded as one of the beginners of modern poetry in america his ideas of imagism broke the clich of poem composition a poem should look like a poem in line structure and sound format he successfully switched people s attention to the images of a poem instead of the gaudy outlook his poems in imagist style left great influence for later generations 2 1 1 ezra pound as an imagist in the 1920s there was a large scale literary movement in america which was strongly against victorian poetry this movement was the famous movement of imagism in poetry it emphasized concise wording and direct images zhang 2001 39 the movement pioneered by pound not only promoted imagism in america but also motivated the development of modern poetry pound therefore played a fairly important role in the history of american poetry 2 1 1 1 ezra pound s definition of image images are commonly seen in poetry many poets are masters of images an individual image may not contribute much to a poem but the collaboration of several images usually creates an atmosphere and further arouses a kind of emotion in the readers mind however what is an image is it just the object described in a poem ezra pound who was good at depiction once gave a definition of image in a few 天津大学 2013 届外国语言学及应用语言学专业研究生毕业论文 8 don ts in 1913 an image is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time pound 1913 25 in his definition three points should be elaborated first an image is in essence a complex that is to say an image incorporates more than one thing to say that an image is only the object being described is inaccurate second an image is both intellectual and emotional it is a combination of rationality and sensibility in a poem there may be several objects but not all of them can be called images only those containing emotional meanings are real images third an image is burst out in an instant of time it means that the emotion should be aroused in a short interval if an image arouses one s feeling after a while it cannot be called an image or not a perfect image pound gave a further explanation it is the presentation of such a complex instantaneously which gives that sense of sudden liberation that sense of freedom from time limits and space limits that sense of sudden growth which we experience in the presence of the greatest works of art eliot 1968 4 this explanation extends the definition to a broader range of things an image can be included in any work of art only if it has the above three features then what s the function of an image why do poets try hard to create images in their poems how does a poem look like without an image the importance of images is detailed in other sections in chapter 1 but from pound s explanation of image one point can be clearly inferred image is above the language it can construct a picture that words themselves cannot construct 2 1 1 2 imagism and its characteristics the year of 1912 is an extremely important year in the history of poetry in the us in 1912 mabel dodge luhan who had been living in italy for as long as ten years determined to launch enlightenment movement in the us zhang 2001 39 also in 1912 harriet monroe opened up poetry a magazine of verse in chicago zhang 2001 39 the birth of the magazine not only helped many young poets publish their poems containing fresh conceptions but also output american ideology into european culture that had been long dominating the world ezra pound 天津大学 2013 届外国语言学及应用语言学专业研究生毕业论文 9 living in london back then played an indispensable role in the movement in december 1912 he published an article in poetry a magazine of verse which argued that imagist poets strongly opposed to those long meaningless and tedious poems zhang 2001 39 some were not able to write even one perfect verse line but could write a fairly long poem this should not be praised the article was pound s most initial declaration against traditional poetry imagism had already shown its modernity when it was being incubated it violates the victorian conventions whether in terms of literature or other types of art imagism to some degree belongs to modernism a british philosopher and poet thomas ernest hulme also the founder of imagism argues that poets are supposed to construct images rationality should be expressed by prose while poetry ought to present for the readers a direct perception zhang 2001 39 the interpretation of imagism is correspondent to pound s definition of image poets create images to reveal an abstract conception by appreciating the images readers can perceive the abstract notion that the poet intends to express imagism contradicts victorian conventions in literature the former does not emphasize the form or rhyme of a poem instead a poem should be able to arouse emotion if a poem is elaborately structured in lines and form but has no indication it cannot be called a poem in its true sense as opposed to traditional poetry poetry of imagism does not express through the poems themselves but by superposition and juxtaposition of images zhang 2001 39 these two methods are quite similar to those frequently employed in painting the readers are regarded as the hosts of interpretation instead of a group to be instructed or poured out therefore an entire process of constructing images requires both the poet s composition and the readers interpretation usually poetry of imagism uses simple words and concise expressions avoiding flowery language zhang 2001 39 most of the poems are composed out of daily life and take a plain way of expression in terms of rhyme and rhythm imagism stresses an internal rhythm zhang 2001 39 that is poetry should be composed in accordance with the musicality of language but not strictly follows a certain rhyme format especially 天津大学 2013 届外国语言学及应用语言学专业研究生毕业论文 10 the iambic pentameter 2 1 2 the significance of image in pound s literary works ezra pound is a leader of imagism though he is not the founder of it in 1914 pound published his first imagist poetry anthology des imagistes an anthology pound 1914 in this anthology he proposed his arguments of imagism which were widely accepted by young poets who were opposed to conventional poetic rules pound proposed some of his ideas towards imagism in the anthology first poetry should employ accurate words easy to understand instead of euphuistic on