提高短文改错技巧.doc

提高短文改错技巧 错误类型包括词法、句法，行文逻辑等。实践证明，本题要求指出并改正的错误大都是中学生英文写作中的常见病。本试题的答题时间一般为10分钟左右。 二、运用四查法改错 四查法即：瞻前顾后查名词，与时俱进查动词，启承转合查连词，文通理通查逻辑。 四查法基本锁定了短文改错试题中的错误多发地带，以帮助考生尽快发现错误并将其改正。 （1.） 瞻前顾后查名词。考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误。瞻前，即看该名词之前是否缺限定词？该用何种限定词？尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况。当名词前有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意。如： My teacher advised me to keep my diary, I followed her advice. 顾后，即警惕名词词尾是否要发生变化？换句话说，是否该用复数形式？如： .they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. （ 2. ） 与时俱进查动词。考生应认真分析英语动词所使用的时态、语态正确与否。尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，与时俱进地推敲、选择使用正确的动词时态形式。如： The time passes quickly. Evening came. （ 3. ） 启承转合查连词。为使文章结构严谨，应有各种启承转合的连词在文中运用。这些连词的使用，在结构上和意义上都要通顺流畅，恰如其分。某些连词在文中影响深远，因此在诊察这个连词的时候，要做到眼观六路，上挂下连，不但要弄清楚它在本句中的作用，而且要注意到它在上下文中的影响。如： I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 4. 文通理通查逻辑。简言之，文通即行文合乎英文词法、句法；理通指行文逻辑符合人们一般的认识规律，即符合常理。如： .I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 短文改错的功夫说到底是属于写的功夫。也就是说，短文改错的能力源于书面表达的能力。因此，加强英文写作，提高书面表达的能力才是根本问题。本文介绍的四查法不但在短文改错中具有实战意义，而且可以帮助考生在做书面表达题时少出错或不出错，各种道理不言而喻。 NMET 2003 北京春季Many teachers worry about the effects of televisions on youngpeople. According to studies, any children spend more time76._watching television than they spend in school. Because so77._much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of78._read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries79._much about the radio program young people listen to,80._although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder about81._the effects of television commercials. On one year the 82._average child will see 25 000 television commercials, all83._planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want84._things that they dont real need.85._ NMET 2002 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, its famous76._mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather77._was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of78._the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we79._climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples80._and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture81._since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly82._Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top83._of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84._good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my85._head touched the pillow. NMET 2002 北京 What should you do when your parents become angry? If your76._parents got mad, try to have a conversation with them.77._about it Remembering not to shout at them. They usually78._will try to change, but they will take some time because79._they get angry all their life ,and that is all they know. You80._might have to change for your method a couple of times.81._Do any nice things for your parents that they dont expect82._like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean83._the floor If this doesnt work, bring in friend that you 84._feel comfortable, and have him or her help you.85._ NMET 2002北京春季 My brother Tom was very selfish when he was a little boy.He did not want share things with other people. For76._example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them77._in a secret place where I couldnt find. Then he78._ate it all ,by himself. He never helped other.79._He said he is busy. That is, a game of80._tennis making him very busy. He did not care81._if something he did made people angry. For82._instance, on one night he played strong and83._loudly music till four o clock in the morning. But84._he is difference now. He often helps grandma with85._housework, helps mom with cooking and helpshis classmates with their lessons. NMET 1996Today I visited the Smithsmy first time visit86._to a American family.They live in a small87._town.It was very kind for them to meet me88._at the railway station and drove me to their home.89._The Smiths did his best to make me feel90._at home.They offered me coffee and other91._drinks.We have a good time talking and laughing92._together.They eager to know everything about93._China and asked me lots of question.In fact,94._they are planning to visit China in next year.95._答案解析86.答案：将time划掉解析：此题考查序数词的用法。my first visit即为“第一次访问”，故time多余。87.答案：a改为an解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。American为元音开头的单词，前面要用不定冠词an。88.答案：for 改为of解析：此题考查介词的用法。It is kind of sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“某人能如何做真是太好了”。该结构强调的是“某人好”，表示赞扬。而It is + 形容词 + for sb.to do sth.的意思是做这件事对某人如何。89.答案：drove改为drive解析：此题考查动词不定式的基本用法。and后接不定式to meet和drive作真正的主语。drive前省略了动词不定式符号。90.答案：his改为their解析：此题考查代词的用法。the Smiths意为“史密斯一家人”，所以物主代词要用their。91.答案：该行无错误解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。at home是上句的表语，make me feel at home的意思是“使我感觉在家里一样”，没有错误。They offered me coffee and other (drinks).构成谓语+双宾语的结构，也没有错误。92.答案：have 改为had解析：此题考查动词时态。整篇短文都是在讲过去发生的事，所以是一般过去时。93.答案：eager前加were解析：此题考查形容词的用法。eager为形容词。be eager to do的意思是“急于做某事”。94.答案：question改为questions解析：此题考查名词的数。lots of后接可数名词复数。95.答案：将next year前的in 划掉解析：此题考查介词的用法。next year的意思是“明年”，前面不加介词。 NMET 1995Dear Mr.and Mrs Smith,I want to thank you again for have me in your81._home for the summer holidays.I had always82._wanted return to the village after moving away83._and it is really great to see most of my old friends again.84._I told Mother,Father,Sister all my friends85._here that a great time I had.Ill never forget86._the steamboat ride.I never knew about a ride down87._a river could be so much exciting.I also enjoyed the88._evenings when we spent together.And I cant forget89._the good food you cooked for I.It was wonderful.90._I hope that both you two could come and visit us91._some times soon.Father and Mother would love to92._see you.Maybe you could come during a winter93._holidays.Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas94._Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.95._答案解析81.答案：将for之后的have 改为having解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。for 是介词，后接动名词。82.答案：该行无错误解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。该行前半句与前一行构成完整的句子，后半句与下一行构成完整的句子，都没有错误。83.答案：wanted之后加to解析：此题考查动词不定式的基本用法。want 后接to do作宾语。84.答案：is 改为was解析：此题考查动词时态。从上下文的时态分析，该行应用一般过去时。85.答案：all之前加and解析：此题考查连词的用法。and连接Mother,Father,Sister和all my old friends作宾语。86.答案：that 改为what解析：此题考查感叹句的用法。感叹句在句子中作told的宾语，为宾语从句。“what +（形容词）+ 名词”构成感叹句。87.答案：将about 划掉或改成that解析：此题考查宾语从句的用法。knew后接陈述句形式的宾语从句时，用that连接，that在从句中只起连接作用，可以省略。88.答案：将much 划掉解析：此题考查副词的用法。so修饰形容词或副词。so much修饰名词或代词。89.答案：将when划掉，或将when改写为that / which解析：此题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。此时需分析定语从句的句子成分。spent为及物动词，先行词the evenings作它的宾语，所以要将when划掉，或将when改写为that / which。90.答案：I改为me解析：此题考查代词的用法。人称代词在介词for后应用宾格形式。91.答案：将both划掉解析：此题考查代词的用法。both与two重复。注意：该行不能将two划掉，因为both放在人称代词前时，要加介词of，构成both of you。92.答案：times改为time解析：此题考查名词的数。time是不可数名词，some time的意思是“某时”。some times的意思是“某些次（倍）”。93.答案：将a改为the解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。从上下文的内容可知，这里指的是“今年寒假”。94.答案：将go 改成come解析：此题考查动词的词义。go表示远离说话人的方向；come表示向说话人靠近。从上下文的内容可知，Uncle Ben也回来过圣诞节。95.答案：将wonderfully改为wonderful解析：此题考查形容词和副词的基本的用法。形容词放在名词前作定语或放在系动词后作表语；副词用来修饰动词或形容词或副词。time是名词，前面应用形容词。 NMET 1994There is public library in every town in Britain.81._There are branch library in many villages.82._Anyone may borrow books,and it cost nothing to83._borrow them.In some places you may borrow many84._books as you want,in other places where you85._are limited to a certain number,of that some86._may be novels.Books may be keep for four weeks.87._Newly-published novels are always in great demand,88._and some books,for example,books for history,89._science,cooking and gardening are also populer.90._If the book you will want is out,you may ask for It91._to be called back for you,and whether you pay92._the cost of send a postcard,the librarian will93._write to you,and let you to know when the book you94._want has returned and is ready for you to pick up.95._答案解析81.答案：public之前加a解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前，表示数量或类别。library为可数名词，表示泛指时，前面要加不定冠词a。82.答案：library改为 libraries解析：此题考查名词的数。本行单独成句，有There are与in many villages双重提示，library必用复数。83.答案：将cost改为costs解析：此题考查保持主谓一致。短文通篇叙述一般客观事实，谓语动词均用一般现在时，主语为单数第三人称，谓语动词后要加s。84.答案：many之前加as解析：此题考查asas的用法。要与下一行联系起来分析判断，as many books 与后文中的as you want 构成as.as固定结构。85.答案：划掉places与you之间的where 解析：此题考查考生对句子结构的判断。需读完全句（4行），前后对照，才能判断出其是否正确。上行中In some places是地点状语，本行中in other places也是地点状语，后接you are limited to ，句子完整，意思明确。插入where引导定语从句修饰places，则句子结构不完整，即只有状语