张衡 翻译 作业.doc

张衡张衡是中国古代杰出的科学家。公元78年他诞生在河南南阳，少年时代生活比较贫困。但他努力学习，读了大量书籍，十多岁就能写出很多出色的文章。他长期观察日月和行星的运行规律，知道月亮本身不发光，只是反射了太阳光。他还正确解释了“冬天日短夜长，夏天日长夜短”的道理。张衡在他写的书中，提出了“空间和时间都是无限的”理论。他画出了中国第一张完备的星图，记录了2500颗恒星，还记录了它们的亮度和出没时间。他的观测，与我们今天在同一个地点看到的星空相近。公元117年，张衡创造了一台浑天仪。这是一个大铜球，靠水力来转动，铜球转动的速度恰好和地球自转的速度相等。看着浑天仪，就知道哪颗星正在升起，哪颗正在落下。这是世界上第一台用水力转动的天文仪器。张衡最著名的发明创造是制作世界上第一台地动仪。地动仪上有八条龙，对着八个方向。龙嘴是活的，每条龙的嘴里都有一颗铜球。有一天，正对西方的龙嘴突然张开，铜球落了下来。张衡判断洛阳的西面发生了地震。几天以后，果然得到报告，那一天那里发生了地震。张衡在公元139年逝世。Zhang HengZhang Heng, a great scientist in ancient China, who was borned in Nanyang Hnan province in A D 78. The poor family in his childhood didnt stop the progress of studying hard and confronting with difficulties he read a great number of books. When he was ten around he could write lots of excellent articles.The long time observing about regulations of stars gave him the knowledge that the moon can just reflect rather than shining itself. He also gave the right explanation of longer nights and shorter daytime in winter while just the opposite in summer. He offered the theory both the space and time are limitless. In his books. The first full-fledged star atlas which includes 2500 stars was made by Zhang Heng, it also recorded the brightness and appearing and disappearing time of these stars. The observation of Zhang Heng of stars was the same as todays in the same place.In A.D. 117, Zhang invented an armillary sphere which was a rotating copper ball driven by waterpower and its rotation speed was the same as the earths spins. When you watch the armillary sphere the rising and falling of stars can be clearly predicted. This was the first water-driven astronomical equipment in the world.The most famous invention of Zhang Heng was the first seismograph in the world, which was set with eight dragons with their heads toward eight directions. Each dragons mouth, which carried a copper ball, could open and close. One day the dragon which faced the west suddenly opened up and dropped the copper ball. Zhang Heng believ