新译林英语8B-unit2-Travelling知识总结.doc

新译林英语8B-unit2-Travelling知识总结 导读：8B unit2 Travelling一. 词汇拓展 1. beautiful adj. beauty(n.) 美人，美丽 2. sail v. sailing(n.) 帆船运动 3. fly v. flight(n.) 航班 4. die v. dead (adj.) 死的 5. direct adj. directly(adv.) 6. indoor adj. outdoor(反译林版牛津英语8b unit4 travelling单元知识点总结 测试卷及答案8B unit2 Travelling一. 词汇拓展 1. beautiful adj. beauty(n.) 美人，美丽 2. sail v. sailing(n.) 帆船运动 3. fly v. flight(n.) 航班 4. die v. dead (adj.) 死的 5. direct adj. directly(adv.) 6. indoor adj. outdoor(反义词) 二.重点短语 1 到作一次旅行 go on a trip to 2 一定很有趣 must be great fun 3 带出去几天 take out for a few days 4 把带在身边 bring sth with sb 5 快点；加油 come on 6 旅游景点 tourist attractions 7 的象征 a symbol of 8 去滑雪 go skiing 9 去远足 go hiking 10 看美丽的风景 see the beautiful view 11 拍照 take photos 12 欢迎到welcome to 13 写信给write to sb 14 玩得很高兴 have a fantastic time 15 整天 the whole day 16 乘地铁 by underground 17 在入口处 at the entrance 18 高速运行 move at high speed 19 一家快餐店 a fast food restaurant 20 对感兴趣 be interested in 21 不停地拍照 cant stop taking photos 22 迪斯尼人物的游行 a parade of Disney characters 23 下午晚些时候 later in the afternoon 24 一天中最精彩的部分 the best part of the day 25 向挥手致意 wave to 26 一路上 all the way 27 像魔术一样 be like magic 28 精彩的狮王表演 the great Lion King show 29 买一些纪念品 buy some souvenirs 30 在结束时 at the end of 31 观看烟火 watch fireworks 32 在烟火映衬下看起来很闪亮look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks 33 一共，总计 in all34 一次刺激的旅行 an exciting trip35 把某物给某人看 show sth to sb 36 一队人 a line of people37 排队等候 wait in line 38 一次有意义的经历 a meaningful experience 39 一次真得令人高兴的假日 a really delightful holiday 40 多姿多彩的服饰 colourful costumes 41 一名成员 a member of 42 到深圳旅游 travel to Shengzhen 43 全年 all year around44 在即将到来的假日 in the coming holiday 45 依次/轮流做某事 take turns to do sth46 计划出国旅游 plan to travel abroad 47 希望做某事 hope to do sth 48 希望某人做某事 wish sb to do sth 49 飞往某地 fly to 50 新鲜的空气 fresh air 51 宜人的天气 pleasant weather 52 名胜古迹 places of interest53 我们去香港旅游的日子 the day of our trip to Hongkong 54 三个半小时 three and a half hours= three hours and a half55 鸟瞰香港的景色 have a birds-eye view of Hongkong 56 一座高楼耸立、夜晚灯光闪烁的现代化城市a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening 57 文化中心 cultural centre 三.重点句子1. Ive been there many times.2.Let me take you out for a few days.3.I dont think itll be a holiday for me.4.I couldnt stop taking photoswith them.5.It must be fun. 6.Its a famous theme park and includes four different parks.7The children clapped and screamed with joy when they saw their favorite characters.8.The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless.9.I can check it for you when I talk with my dad.10.The weather in Hong Kong was quite different from that in Beijing.11.It was really wonderful to have a birds-eye view of Hong Kong- a modern cityof tall buildings with lights shining in the evening.12.The castle looked shiny and beautiful under the fireworks.13.The performers waved to people while they marched across the park, singing anddancing all the way.14.We were screaming and laughing through the whole ride.15.My dad bought some stationery for my cousin.16.They have never been to Hong Kong.17.Kit ty has gone to Hong Kong with her family.18.My cousin has been in Beijing for a month.19.Kitty has had her purse for a year.20.The lamb has been dead for quite some time.21.My parents got married fifteen years ago. 22. They have been married for more than fifteen years. 23.I have to return it because I have kept it for too long. 24.The best part of the day was when the elephants took bananas from the visitors.四.词句解析 1.speed n. 速度 点拨 at a speed of 以的速度 at top speed 以最高速Our speed averaged out at 50 km an hour. 我们的平均速度是每小时 50 公里。He drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour. 他以每小时 60 英里的速度开车。 拓展 speed vt.& vi. 急行，加速，超速 speed up 加速 slow down 减速Wed better speed up if we want to get there on time. 如果我们想准时到达那里，我们最好加快速度。 2.except, besides 和 except for (1)except 表示“除去，不包括”，指“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除 去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。The company is open every day except Sundays. 除了周日，这家公司每天都营业。You may drop in at any time except at noon. 除了中午，你任何时候来都可以。 (2)besides 表示“除了之外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递 加的概念，含义是肯定的。We all passed the exam besides Tom. 除了汤姆外，我们也都及格了。 (3)except for 也表示“除以外”，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定， 起部分修正主要意思的作用。Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。 3.have/has been to, have/has gone to 和 have/has been in (1)have/has been to 表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”。They have been to Beijing twice. 他们去过北京两次了。 (2)have/has gone to 表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，指可能在去的路上， 可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上。 He has gone to Beijing. He will be back in two months. 他去北京了，两个月后回 来。 (3)have/has been in 表示“在某地”。He has been in Beijing for three weeks. 他已经在北京三周了。 4.die, dead, death 和 dying (1)die 是动词， 意为“死，死亡”，是短暂性动词， 不能与表示一段时间的状语 连用。My grandpa died two years ago. 我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer. 那位老人死于癌症。 (2)dead 是形容词， 意为“死了的，无生命的”，表示状态，可以与表示一段时间 的状语连用。The tree has been dead for ten years. 那棵树死了有十年了。 (3)death 是名词，意为“死亡，去世”。 The memorial hall was built one year after his death. 他去世一年后，那座纪念馆建 成了。 (4)dying 是 die 的现在分词形式，用作形容词，意为“垂死的，即将死去的”。The poor dog had no food. It was dying. 那条可怜的狗没有食物，奄奄一息了。 5.for example 和 such as (1)for example 表示“例如”，一般只以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，作插入语， 用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。 (2)such as 也表示“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia and Canada. 许多国家都讲英语，例如澳大利亚和加拿大。 6.I dont think itll be a holiday for me. 我认为这对于我来说将不是假期。 点拨 句型“I dont think宾语从句”是含有否定转移的主从复合句，意为“我认 为不”。 该句型的主语必须是第一人称；形式上否定主句，翻译时否定 从句。 I dont think its right to make such a hasty decision. 我认为如此仓促地作出决定是 不正确的。 拓展 (1)该句型改为反意疑问句时，必须以宾语从句为准进行变化，而且宾语从 句要视为否定句，即把主句的 dont 所表示的否定拉回到宾语从句中来，采取“前 否后肯”的规则变化。I dont think you are right, are you? 我认为你是不对的，不是吗？ (2)有类似用法的动词还有 believe, suppose, expect 等。 I dont suppose they will say sorry to her, will they? 我认为他们不会对她说对不 起，是吧？ 7.I ran after them and couldnt stop taking photos. 我追赶他们，忍不住一直拍 照。 点拨 (1)cant stop doing sth 意为“忍不住做某事”。类似结构有 cant help doing sth，意为“情不自禁地做某事”。 The mother couldnt stop crying when her son was saved.当她的儿子被救时，妈妈忍 不住哭了。 (2)take photos 拍照片； take a photo/photos of 拍的照片。Some students are taking photos of the river.一些学生正在拍那条河流的照片 五.语法现在完成时常见两种句型： 主语have / has beenfor 短语 It is一段时间 since 从句 例如：He has been in the League for three years.或 It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。 延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性 动词。 延续性动词 表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 终止性动词 也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种 动作发生后立即结束。如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy 等。 4、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示”段时间”的状语连用。表示” 段时间”的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的”点时间”状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain 为延续性动词，而 at eight 表示”点时间”，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动 词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助 come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如： -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then youve known each other for more than two years. -Thats right. 5、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的 die、come 为终止性动词，不能与表示”段时间”的状语连用。那么，应 如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead,move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。(2)将句中表示”段时间”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种 正确表达方式。(3)用句型”It is+段时间+since.”表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型”时间+has passed+since.”表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时 间的状语连用。如： He hasnt left here since 1986. I havent heard from my father for