英文计算机基础知识ppt课件.ppt

Chapter1IntroductiontoComputers 1 Chapter1Objectives Recognizetheimportanceofcomputerliteracy Definethetermcomputerandidentifyitscomponents Explainwhyacomputerisapowerfultool Recognizethepurposeofanetwork DiscusstheusesoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb Distinguishbetweeninstallingandrunningaprogram Identifythetypesofsoftware Describethecategoriesofcomputers Determinehowtheelementsofaninformationsysteminteract Identifythetypesofcomputerusers Discussvariouscomputerapplicationsinsociety 2 AWorldofComputers Whatiscomputerliteracy p 5Fig 1 1 Knowledgeandunderstandingofcomputersandtheiruses Computersareeverywhere 3 Howisacomputerdefined WhatIsaComputer p 6 Electronicdeviceoperatingunderthecontrolofinstructionsstoredinitsownmemory 4 WhatIsaComputer Whatistheinformationprocessingcycle p 6Fig 1 2 InputProcessOutputStorageCommunication 5 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisaninputdevice p 7Fig 1 3 Hardwareusedtoenterdataandinstructions 6 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisanoutputdevice p 8Fig 1 3 Hardwarethatconveysinformationtoauser 7 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisthesystemunit p 8Fig 1 3 Box likecasecontainingelectroniccomponentsusedtoprocessdata 8 TheComponentsofaComputer Whataretwomaincomponentsonthemotherboard p 8 CentralProcessingUnit CPU AlsocalledaprocessorCarriesoutinstructionsthattellcomputerwhattodo MemoryTemporaryholdingplacefordataandinstructions 9 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisstorage p 8 StoragemediaPhysicalmaterialonwhichdata instructions andinformationarestored StoragedeviceRecordsandretrievesitemstoandfromastoragemedium Holdsdata instructions andinformationforfutureuse 10 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisstoragemedia p 8 Digitalcameras Handheldcomputers Portable thinmemorycardsusedin 11 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisafloppydisk p 8Fig 1 4 Thin circular flexiblediskenclosedinrigidplasticshell AUSBflashdriveisportable andhasmuchgreaterstoragecapacity 12 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisaflashdrive p 9Fig 1 5 ProvidesmuchgreaterstoragecapacitythanafloppydiskorZip disk Smallandlightweightenoughtobetransportedonakeychainorinapocket 13 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisaflashdrive 14 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisaharddisk p 9Fig 1 6 ProvidesmuchgreaterstoragecapacitythanafloppydiskorUSBflashdrive Housedinsidethesystemunit 15 TheComponentsofaComputer Whatisacompactdisc p 9Fig 1 7 Flat round portablemetaldisc CD ROMCD RWDVD ROMDVD RW 16 WhyIsaComputerSoPowerful p 10 Whatmakesacomputerpowerful 17 NetworksandtheInternet Whatisanetwork p 10 CommunicationsMedia CommunicationsDevice Collectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedtogether 18 Toshare NetworksandtheInternet Whatarethereasonstonetwork p 10 Resources Hardwaredevices Softwareprograms Data Tosavetimeandmoney Information 19 NetworksandtheInternet Whatisaserver p 10Fig 1 8 Managestheresourcesonanetwork Aclientaccessestheresourcesontheserver 20 NetworksandtheInternet WhatistheInternet p 11Fig 1 9 Worldwidecollectionofnetworksthatconnectsmillionsofcomputers 21 NetworksandtheInternet p 12Fig 1 10 WhydousersaccesstheInternet Information Shopping BankingandInvesting Classes Entertainment Communications 22 NetworksandtheInternet WhatistheWeb p 13 AWebsiteisacollectionofrelatedWebpages AWebpagecontainstext graphics sound video andlinkstootherWebpages YoucanshareinformationbycreatingWebpagesorpostingphotosonaphotocommunity Billionsofdocuments calledWebpages availabletoanyoneconnectedtotheInternet 23 ComputerSoftware Howdoyouinstallasoftwareprogram p 14Fig 1 13 Aprogramisaseriesofinstructionsthattellsthecomputerwhattodo 24 ComputerSoftware Whatissystemsoftware p 15 OperatingSystem OS isasetofprogramsthatcoordinatesallactivitiesamongcomputerhardwaredevicesandallowsuserstorunapplicationsoftware UtilityProgramsallowtheusertoperformmaintenance typetasksusuallyrelatedtomanagingacomputer itsdevicesoritsprograms Programsthatcontroltheoperationsofthecomputeranditsdevices 25 ComputerSoftware Whatisapplicationsoftware p 16Fig 1 15 PresentationGraphics Spreadsheet Database WordProcessing Programsthatperformspecifictasksforusers 26 ComputerSoftware Whatisaprogrammer p 17Fig 1 16 Someonewhodevelopsapplicationorsystemsoftware Programmerwritesinstructionstodirectcomputertoprocessdataintoinformation Javascriptprogram ResultingInternetapplication 27 CategoriesofComputers p 18 Whatarethecategoriesofcomputers 28 ComputerSoftware Whatisagraphicaluserinterface GUI p 14Fig 1 14 AllowsyoutointeractwiththesoftwareusinggraphicsandiconsControlshowyouenterdataandhowthescreendisplaysinformation 29 PersonalComputers Whatarethetwomostpopularseriesofpersonalcomputers p 19Figs 1 18 1 19 PCandcompatiblesusetheWindowsoperatingsystem AppleMacintoshusestheMacintoshoperatingsystem MacOS 30 PersonalComputers Whatisadesktopcomputer p 19Fig 1 18 Designedsoallofthecomponentsfitonorunderadeskortable 31 PersonalComputers Whatisanotebookcomputer p 20Fig 1 20 Portable smallenoughtofitonyourlapAlsocalledalaptopcomputerGenerallymoreexpensivethanadesktopcomputer 32 HandheldComputers WhatisatabletPC p 20Fig 1 21 Especiallyusefulfortakingnotes Resemblesaletter sizedslate Allowsyoutowriteonthescreenusingadigitalpen 33 HandheldComputers WhatareWeb enabledhandheldcomputers p 21Fig 1 23 Allowyoutochecke mailandaccesstheInternet Web enabledtelephoneisa smartphone 34 HandheldComputers Whatisahandheldcomputer p 21 35 HandheldComputers Whatisapersonaldigitalassistant PDA p 21Fig 1 23 ProvidespersonalorganizerfunctionsCalendarAppointmentbookAddressbookCalculatorNotepad 36 Servers Whattypesofserversarethere p 22and23Figs 1 25 1 27 MidrangeserverPowerful largecomputerthatsupportsuptoafewthousandcomputers MainframeVerypowerful expensivecomputerthatsupportsthousandsofcomputers SupercomputerThefastest mostpowerful mostexpensivecomputer Usedforapplicationsrequiringcomplexmathematicalcalculations 37 ElementsofanInformationSystem Whatareinformationsystemelements p 24Fig 1 28 PeopleProceduresDataSoftwareHardware 38 ExamplesofComputerUsage p 25Fig 1 29 Whatarefivecategoriesofcomputerusers 39 ExamplesofComputerUsage Whatsoftwareisavailableforahomeuser p 26Fig 1 30 40 ExamplesofComputerUsage p 28Fig 1 33 Localareanetwork LAN ProductivitysoftwareSpecialtysoftwareWebusageE mail Whatsoftwareisavailableforasmalloffice homeoffice SOHO user 41 Hardware ExamplesofComputerUsage Whatisavailableforamobileuser p 29Fig 1 35 SoftwareProductivityPresentationPersonalinformationmanager 42 ExamplesofComputerUsage Whataretheneedsofthelargebusinessuser p 30Figs 1 37 1 40 Webaccess Publickiosk Telecommuti