ed形容词和ing形容词1.doc

ed形容词和ing形容词的用法区别一、传统的观点许多参考书认为：-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用，-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确，在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是：假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动，那么不仅他的课非常interesting，而且你会说他是一个 interesting man(有趣的人)。比较： Im interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。 He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。 He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。 另一方面，-ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会： a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕) a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕) an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动) an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动) 由于传统的观点说得太绝对，有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱，请看下面一题 ：_ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _？A. What, interesting B. What, interestedC. How, interestingD. How, interested 此题考查两方面的知识点：一是考查what do you think of与how do you like的用法区别(两者搭配不同，但意思相同)；二是考查interesting与interested的用法区别。若套用以上关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，则可能将答案锁定为D。但是错了，此题的最佳答案应是A。二、正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：1. 以后缀 ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音”，即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。请再比较并体会以下句子：He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。 I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。三、学练结合请做做以下试题，看你是否能克服原来的思维定势，能否跳出命题人的陷阱：1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry2. The little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _, she feels very _. A. disappointing;worrying B. disappointing;worried C. disappointed;worried D. disappointed;worrying3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, _. A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring4. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart. A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring5. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly 答案与解析：1. 选A。句中的that punishthe law是定语从句。句意是：因为他们小孩的违法行为而惩罚其父母，这样的法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。表示人“感到忧虑的”用由过去分词转换而来的形容词。2. 选B。句意是：由于她的儿子令人失望，她感到非常烦恼。表示“令人的”用 -ing 形容词；表示“感到的”用 -ed形容词。3. 选A。此题一方面考查形容词作状语(。此题一方面考查形容词作状语(当形容词用作状语时，表示意义上的增补，和句子主语在逻辑上有主谓关系)，另一方面考查形容词tiring与tired的用法区别，此处填tired表示“人感到疲惫的”，即选A。4. 选C。第一空填tiring，表示“使人劳累的”；第二空填tired，表示“感到劳累的”。5. 选B。第一空填frightened，其意为“感到害怕的”；第二空填trembling表示动作的进行。也就是说，frightened说明主语因而产生的情绪反应，从而影响到人的身体部位trembling。 ed形式及常见短语与 ing形式形容词归纳excited (be d about) / excitingsurprised (be d at) /surprisingamazed (be d at) /amazingembarrassed(be ed in) /embarrassingencouraged(be ed at / by) / encouragingfrustrated (be d of) / frustratinginterested (be ed in) / interestingthrilled (be ed at) / thrillingterrified (be terrified at/ of / with) / terrifyingpleased (be d with) / pleasing, = pleasantsatisfied(be satisfied with) / satisfyingfrightened (be ed at / of ) / frighteningtired (be d of) / tiring bored (be d with) / boringrelaxed (无固定搭配) / relaxingfascinated (be d by) / fascinatingannoyed (be ed with) / annoyingmoved (be d by) / movingworried (be worried about) / worryingconfused (be confused about) / confusing练习：一 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空1. The children were _after the trip. （tire） 2. The trip was_. （tire）3. The _children went to bed early after the trip. （tire）4. The _trip lasted a whole day. （tire）5. The trip made the children_. （tire）6. The bad weather made the trip_. （tire）7. Toms parents are _ at his _ results of the exams（disappoint）8. _and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint）9. It is _that he didnt pass the examination（disappoint）10. When hearing the_ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were_to look at each other. （surprise）11. He was _ about his _ son. （worry）12. Im not _with his interpretation of this sentence. （satisfy）13. He was _with the _person. （annoy）14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a_ look on his face. （frighten）15. The situation here is _and we are_. （encourage）答案：1. tired 2. tiring 3. tired 4. tiring 5. tired 6. tiring 7. disappointed, disappointing) 8. Disappointed 9. disappointing10. surprising; surprised 11. worried; worrying 12. satisfied 13. annoyed; annoying 14. frightened 15. encouraging; encouraged二 巩固练习：1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _to arrive.（2008全国卷I）A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected2. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008上海高考) Terry? Never! He _ tents and fresh air!A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates3. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东高考)A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked4. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建高考)A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen5. Some of the people who _ to the party cant come now. (2008 烟台模拟)A. had been invited B. have been invited C. are invited D. invited6. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worried C. worryingD. worry7. The little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _, she feels very _. A. disappointing; worrying B. disappointing; worried C. disappointed; worried D. disappointed; worrying8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, _. A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring9. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart. A. tired; tiredB. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring10. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembly 11._ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _？A. What, interestingB. What, interested C. How, interestingD. How, interested 答案：1-5 ADCDB 6-11ABACBA基础知识梳理1形容词的用法和位置1）形容词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，放在连系动词之后。如：Computers are very useful in our everyday lifeLeaves turn yellow in autumn2）形容词作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，通常放在名词之前，不定代词之后。如：This is an unhealthy dietThere is nothing important in todays newspaper3)形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，与其构成复合宾语。如：You should keep your classroom clean and tidyI found it difficult to get on well with the manager2副词的用法和位置1）副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义，副词可分为下列六大类：（1）时间副词。常用的有：ago，before，now，then，soon，already，yet等。（2）地点副词。常用的有：here，there，up，down，above，below，inside，outside等。（3）疑问副词。常见的有：where，when，why，how等。（4）程度副词。常见的有：very，much，so，too，quite，enough等。（5）方式副词。多由“形容词+ly”后缀构成。如：carefully，quickly，easily，quietly等。（6）频度副词。常用的有：always，often，sometimes，usually，hardly，never等。2）副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当定语、表语等。如：Its snowing heavily outside（状语，修饰动词）I have never heard such a beautiful voice（状语，修饰动词）unluckily, he failed in this physics exam again（状语，修饰整个句子）He was too excited to say a word（状语，修饰形容词）Class is over（表语）The weather here is different from that of Singapore(定语)3）程度副词通常位于被修饰的形容词副词之前，但enough则要放在后面。如：It was much more freezing today than yesterdayHe ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with himWe got up early enough to catch the first bus4）频度副词通常位于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，但一般不放在句末。如：I have never been late for classYou must always work like that5）几个副词同时出现时，其顺序一般为：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词(也可位于句首)。我爱你，不光因为你的样子，还因为和你在一起时我的样子；我爱你，不光因为你为我而做的事，还因为为了你我能做成的事；我爱你，因为你能唤出我最真的那部分，我心里最美丽的地方被你的光芒照得通亮。为你，我愿意成为最美好，换掉之前所有旧的生命，在黑暗中，解读着星辰与月亮，愿生命中的每一秒都与你相守。明天，未来，永远，无可救药的爱着你。So I think weve said all there is to be saidAll the words keep bouncing around in my headOh I feel so numb Please just take me homeSeems like all the talking it took us nowhereAll I really want is the touch of your handI wont speak a sound If you take me home If you hold me closeWords have lost their meaningSilence is our haven I love you more You and meSkin to skin So it all beginsIf I start to scream from the top of my lungsIt would make no difference Id still be aloneIt would leave you numb The words would echo