七选五技巧.doc

三元整合导学模式英语学科导学稿编号班级 组别 姓名 座位号 主编人：唐海霞 审稿人：高三英语备课组 编写时间：2017-03-09 1、 课型：阅读课2、 学习目标：掌握阅读理解专题之 “七选五”解题步骤与技巧4、 学习重点和难点:理解“七选五”题目旳题目类型及各类解题技巧5、 课时安排：4课时6、 教学步骤： 一、命题解读1.考查方式： 给出一篇缺少5个句子的短文和7个选项。要求考生根据文章内容，选出正确的句子填入相应空白处。有两个多余选项。 2.考纲解读： 主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明） 3.选材特点： 短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右。 4.设空类型 主旨句 （标题类，主题句类）过渡性句子（文章结构）细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义） 二、命题规律及考查趋势：考点题量分布2012课标全国12013课标全国12014课标全国12015 课标全国12016 课标全国1主题句0 0 2 2 过渡句1111细节4 4 2 2 三、解题步骤：（在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。) 1. 先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题,然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数词）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。三、细节类题型解题技巧【EX1】On the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family,A.The following are its advantages.B.However,there may be a number of disadvantages.C.Consider a distance education.D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.【EX2】Dont fear people _. The reason most people dont take risks,or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.A. Focus on your own talents and strengthsB.Never let others opinions guide your choices.C.Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.【EX3】The scientists say that the human life has changed greatlyOur bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses 72 So they are called diseases of civilizationMany cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.AStone Age people lived a simple life.BBut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.CIn that case, they would live much healthier.DAncient people also got lots of physical exercise.EThese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.F People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.GModern people used to suffer from diseases of civilization. Summary: 七选五解题技巧1词汇复现 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。【EX4】 Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. C. Different people feel stress in different ways E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends. Summary: 七选五解题技巧2同范畴词 同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 【EX5】 73 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, A. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. B. He said that laughter is much healthier than anger. C. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. 【EX6】72 .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._73_E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.G. Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. Summary: 七选五解题技巧3：代词提示 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 it:单数名词或整个句子； they/them:复数名词； one:单数可数名词；that:不可数名词或句子； this:单数名词或句子； these/those:前句的复数名词。四、过渡类题型解题技巧【EX7】_ .Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.A. You must write your notes on separate paper. B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. First, the simple act of writing something own makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. 【EX8】As you take notes,you may want to use your own shorthand. When you do be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time._8_A. Use words ,not completed sentence.B. There are three pratical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on separate paper.D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.【EX9】Finally,you never know what wonderful ideas might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._9_A. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illness.B. Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.Summary：逻辑关系的衔接 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A, 并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First, then/next,.；In the first place， in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。B, 递进关系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。C, 解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。五、篇章结构类题解题技巧若考察空为小标题，则根据所在小段落的内容进行总结归纳。注意标题的简洁性！【EX10】_1_Telling someone that you cant remember his name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say, Im working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again? A.If you cant remember someones name, you may tell him the truth B. Admit you dont know C.Recite and repeat names D.Let others help you remember their names.若考查空非小标题，则根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1)如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。2)如果问题在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。【EX11】（2010新课标全国卷） 73_When a person is asking a question , show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.A.Show your true interest. B.Restate the question with respect .C.Some ideas can be quite concrete.【EX12】(2011辽宁卷）Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical are blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain . _ 74_A. This can be especially harmful to the aged.B. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading .C. In other words ,when you take care of your body ,you take care of your brain .备考战略：注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找信号词，回到选择项中筛选。经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合, 逻辑及结构六、走进高考（2016）Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B. Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C. Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D. Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E. Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforother words.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet. （2015）Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . That is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore, 37. Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. Learn to really trust yourself.A. It is putting confidence in someone.B. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.C. Remember that you can expect the best in return.D. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.E. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.F. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.(2014) The jobs of the future have not been invented,36By helping themdevelop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeplycurious.37Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time? 2. Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and