开心学英语小学六年级毕业复习资料语法与句型.doc

小学六年级英语毕业复习资料（一）时态一、一般现在时: 表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。 结构：1. 动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如Tony ，he ，she ），动作词用第三人称单数形式，即加s 或 es ; 在主语前加do, does帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加dont, doesnt 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词：is , am , are ； is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。3. 情态动词can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形； can, may, should，must 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；can, may, should, must后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。 4. 肯定祈使：动词原形 + 其它 否定祈使句：Dont +动词原形 + 其它 5感叹句： What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! What+(形)名 How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! How+形A. 肯定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 We come from China.(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 He comes from China.主语+be (is, am, are)+其它 We are from China.主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+V+其它 She must go.B. 否定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+dont +V+其它 We dont come from China. (第三人称单数) 主语+doesnt +V+其它 He doesnt come from China.主语+be (is, am, are) not+其它 I arent from China.主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它C一般疑问句：Do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 Do you come from China?Does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 Does he come from China? be (Is, Am, Are)+主语+其它 Are you from China?情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它 She cant go.D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 Where do you come from? 特殊疑问词+does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 Where does he come from? 特殊疑问词+be (is, am, are)+主语+其它 Where are you from?特殊疑问词+情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它 Can she go?二、现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作。 结构：1. be动词( is , am , are) + 动词ing (现在分词)； is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。A. 肯定句:主语+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它 They are coming here. B. 否定句：主语+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它They arent coming here.C. 一般疑问句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主语+ Ving+其它 Are they coming here?D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（is, am, are）+主语+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。 结构：1. 动作词用过去式(ed ) ； 在主语前加did帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加didnt帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词的过去式：was , were； was , were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；was , were后面加上not帮助否定句。A. 肯定句：主语+Ved+其它 We came from China 主语+be (was, were)+其它 We were from China. B. 否定句：主语+didnt +V +其它 We didnt come from China. 主语+be (was, were) +not+其它 We werent from China.C一般疑问句：Did +主语+V +其它 Did you come from China? be (Was, Were)+主语+其它 Were you from China?D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ did +主语+V +其它 Where did you from? 特殊疑问词+ be (was, were)+主语+其它 Where were from?四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。 结构：1. be going to + 动词原形 is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。2. will+ 动词原形will放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；will后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。A. 肯定句：主语+will +V +其它 He will dig a hole.主语+ be going to +V +其它 He is going to dig a hole. B. 否定句：主语+will not +V +其它 He wont dig a hole.主语+ be not going go +V +其它 He isnt going to dig a hole. C一般疑问句：Will+主语+V+其它 Will he dig a hole? Be(Is, Am, Are) +主语going to +V+其它 Is he going to did a hole? D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+主语+V+其它 What will he do? 特殊疑问词+be(is, am, are) +主语going to +V+其它 What is he going to do?五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：1. be动词( was, were) + 动词ing； was, were 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；was, were后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。A. 肯定句:主语+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.B. 否定句：主语+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasnt digging a hole.C. 一般疑问句：be（Was, Were）+主语+ Ving Was he digging a hole?D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（was, were）+主语+ Ving What was he doing（二）时态意义与结构一览表：时态时态意义与动词主语动词形式常用时间肯定句否定句(特殊)疑问句一般现在时1.表示现在的状态。be动词三单isis not (疑问词) is +主语always,often, nowusually,sometimes,ever, never, in the morningin the afternoon,in the evening,at night,on Sunday,everyonce a week,twice a month,3 times a yearIamam not(疑问词)am+主语you,复areare not(疑问词)are+主语2. 表示经常性习惯性的动作、兴趣爱好或能力。情态动词所有主语can +Vcan not +V(疑问词)can +主语+Vmay +Vmay not +V(疑问词)may+主语+Vmust +Vmust not +V(疑问词)must+主语+Vshould +Vshould not +V(疑问词)should+主语+V行为动词三单Vsdoesnt +V(疑问词)does +主语+V非三单Vdont +V(疑问词)do +主语+V3.祈使句be无BeDont beBe quick. Dont be worried.行为无VDont +VListen to me. Dont push.4.感叹句What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers!How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are!一般过去时表示过去了的动作或状态。be动词单youwaswas not(疑问词) was +主语yesterday,this morning,before that,last复+youwerewere not(疑问词)were+主语行为所有主语Veddidnt +V(疑问词)did +主语+V现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。行为动词三单is +Vingis not +Ving(疑问词) is +主语+Vingnow,Listen!Look!WheresIam +Vingam not +Ving(疑问词)am+主语+Vingyou,复are +Vingare not +Ving(疑问词)are+主语+Ving过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。行为单youwas +Vingwas not +Ving(疑问词)was+主语+Vingyesterdaythis morningat that timeat nine 复+youwere +Vingwere not +Ving(疑问词)were+主语+Ving一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。1be所有主语will+ bewont+ be(疑问词)will+主语+ betomorrow,this evening,later,in a minute,after that,next行为Will+ Vwont +V(疑问词)Will+主语+ V2行为动词三单is going to+Vis not going to+V(疑问词)is+主语going to+VIam going to+Vam not going to+V(疑问词)am+主语going to+Vyou,复are going to+Vare not going to+V(疑问词)are+主语going to+V（三）句子的分类1. 陈述句 A肯定陈述句： 主语+be+其它+句号 主语+V（Vs, Ved）+其它+句号 主语+情态动词+V+其它+句号B否定陈述句： 主语+be not +其它+句号主语+dont(doesnt, didnt)+V+其它+句号 主语+情态动词+not+V+其它+句号 2. 疑问句 A一般疑问句：be+主语+其它+问号Do(Does,Did)+主语+V+其它+问号情态动词+主语+V+其它+问号B特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+其它+问号特殊疑问词+do(does,did)+主语+V+其它+问号特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+V+其它+问号 3祈使句 A肯定祈使句：动词（原形）+其他+标点 B否定祈使句：Dont+动词（原形）+其他+标点4感叹句： What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! What+(形)名 How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! How+形（四）句式变换的方法陈述句改否定句改一般疑问句划线部分提问1句子中有be动词is,am, are，was,were的：在be动词is,am, are,was,were后面加上not：将be动词is,am, are,was,were放在句子前面：用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问，再写is,am, are,was,were1.Im ten.2.They are red.3.Its nine oclock.4. She was at home.5.They were crying.Im not ten.They arent red.Its not nine oclock. She wasnt at home. They werent crying.Are you ten?Are they red?Is it nine oclock?Was she at home?Were they crying?How old are you?What color are they?What time is it?Where was she?What were they doing?2句子中有情态动词的：在情态动词后面加上not:将在情态动词放在句子前面：用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问，再写再写情态动词She can draw.She cant draw.Can she draw?What can she do?3句子中只有行为动词的：在行为动词前加dont, doesnt,didnt被帮的动词用原形：在句子前面加助动词do, does，didnt被帮的动词用原形：用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问，再加助动词do, does，didnt被帮的动词用原形：I like pears.He likes ants.Ben has a bike.Lisa got a puppy.I dont like pears.He doesnt like ants.Ben doesnt have a bike.Lisa didnt get a puppy.Do you like pears?Does he like ants?Does Ben have a bike?Did Lisa get a puppy?What do you like?What does he like?Who has a bike?(注意)What did Lisa get?（五）描写天气的句型 A. There be+名词， There will be+名词。(名词：snow, wind, rain, cloud, sun) 如：There is rain. There was rain. There will be rain. B. It be+形容词，It will be+形容词。(形容词：snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, hot, cold, warm, cool, fine) 如：It is rainy. It was rainy. It will be rainy. C. It +Vs或Ved， It+be +Ving It+ will +V。(名词：snow, wind, rain)如：It rains. It rained. It is raining. It will rain.表格表示如下：词性 一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时过去进行时一般将来时问句Whats the weather like today?What was the weather like yesterday?What will the weather be like tomorrow?答句名词There is rain. There is snow.There was rain. There was snow.There will be rain. There will be snow.形容词It is rainy. It is snowy.It was rainy. It was snowy.It will be rainy. It will be snowy.动词It is raining. It is snowing.It rains. It snows.It rained. It snowed.It was raining. It was snowing.It will rain. It will snow.（六）形容词比较级和最高级一 形容词比较级：1. 指两个人或物相对比。 2. 标志词：than 3. much 用来修饰形容词比较级，放在比较级前面。 4. 事物之间的比较用What, Which; 人物之间比较用Who 如： He is taller than me. He is much taller than me. She is much more beautiful than me.二形容词最高级：1. 指三个或三个以上的人或物作对比 2. 标志词：in, of 3. 最高级前面一般加定冠词the 如：He is the tallest of the three. He is the tallest in our class.（七）缩写与分写1 (not缩写成-nt或-t )isnt =is not arent=are not dont=do not doesnt=does not didnt=did notwasnt=was not werent=were not mustnt=must not shouldnt=should not cant=can not 2. （is缩写成-s）hes=he is shes=she is its=it is names=name is thats=that is whats=what is whos=who is wheres=where is hows=how is Tonys=Tony is 3. (are缩写成-re)theyre=they are were=we are youre=you are therere=there are whore=who are whatre=what are wherere=where are 4 . 其它Im =I am Lets =Let us wont=will not注：月份与星期缩写形式用单词前面三个字母。 如：Sunday=Sun. January=Jan.am not 不能写成amnt this is 不能写成 thiss （七）一些特殊词或词组的用法一冠词a, an, the 的用法。1. 不定冠词 a 、an ：用于单数可数名词之前，表示未被特指的或第一次被提到的人或物；a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前。 _book _desk _apple _orange _uncle _unicorn _umbrella _eraser _idea _hour _house _red _apple _elk _old book _good idea _island _airplane _English teacher 2. 定冠词 the ：用于所有名词前，表示特指的或前面提到的人或物，也可以表示世上独一无二事物。（注：形容词最高级前用the） _moon _earth _sun _Great Wall 3. 名词前用a、 an、 the，但名字前不能用a、 an、 the。练习：用a、 an、 the填空。1. Thats _ island. _ island is big.2. I have _ new book. Jenny has_ old book.3. Yesterday I studied English_ hour.4. This is _ bag. _ bag is Toms.5. _ man is Lisas father.6. Tom wants to be _ scientist. He wants to go to _ moon.7. Jenny has _ uncle and _ cousin.8. I have _ eraser. _ eraser is in my bag.9. _ boy is Toms brother. He is _ good student.10. There is _ English book on _ desk. _ English book is Toms.11. I have _ book, It is _ English book. And it has _good story. _ book is in my bag.12. There is _ cat under the tree. _ cat is playing.13. This is _ orange. Thats _ big orange.14. _ Lisa went to visit _ Great Wall in China.二be动词的用法1. be动词的现在式有：is, am,are 2. be动词的过去式有：was, were A. is 用于所有的单数，I、you除外。 Awas是is,am的过去式Bare用于所有复数和you。 Bwere是are的过去式 Cam与I连用。三助动词do, does, did的用法:A. 在疑问句、否定句中帮助动词，被帮助的动词要用原形。 B. do用于非第三人称单数的一般现在时，后面的动词用原形。C. does用于第三人称单数的一般现在时，后面的动词用原形。D. did用于所有一般过去时，后面的动词用原形。四many(许多，大量), much(许多，大量)，a lot of(许多，大量), lots of(许多，大量)，plenty of(许多，大量)的用法: Amany修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。Ba lot of=lots of=plenty of, 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。五how many（多少）, how much（多少）的用法： Ahow many修饰可数名词复数，how much修饰不可数名词。 Bhow much可以用来问价钱。六some（一些）, any（一些，任何）的用法： A修饰可数或不可数名词。Bsome用于肯定句中，any用于否定句或疑问句中。 C当疑问句是表示建议、请求、请客或希望得到肯定答复时，用some。 如：Can I have some balloons? 我可以要一些气球吗？（请求） Would you like some coffee? 你想要一些咖啡吗？（请客）七have, has， there is, there are 的用法：Ahave, has表示某人或某物拥有，have用于非第三人称单数 has用于第三人称单数. I have two books. A dog has four legs. Bthere is, there are 表示某个地方存在有。Cthere be 结构be动词的选择要根据句子的第一个名词确定，即就近原则。如： There are two books and a pen on the table. There is a pen and two books on the desk.八like（喜欢）, love（爱）， be like（像一样）的用法： Alike+Ving=like to+V, love+Ving=love to+V 如： I like swimming.=I like to swim. I love camping.=I love to camp. BWhat be .like? 怎么样？如： Whats the weather like? Its sunny. What are your shoes like? They are dirty. 但： What do you like? I like apples.九 Worry（担心）, worried（担心的） 的用法： Dont worry.=Dont be worried.十一be动词is, am, are, was, were与助动词do, does, did 的用法: A. 句子中没动词的时候，用be动词。 B. 在有行为动词的疑问句或否定句中，用助动词，后面的动词用原形。 如：_ you at home yesterday? _ you go home yesterday?十二put on（穿） 与wear（穿着）的用法：put on 强调穿衣的动作，wear强调状态。如：Please _ the coat. She is _ a yellow today.十三look for（寻找） 与find（找到）的用法：look for强调找的过程，find强调找的结果。十四后面加动词原形的词：1. 态动词can. may. will. must. Should2. .助动词do. does. did3. 其它let. to. help十五时间介词in, on , at的用法：1. 具体到某年、某季节、某月，用 in; 2. 具体到某天，用 on;3. 具体到几点，用 at.（七）重点句型一介绍人物（What, Who）、问候(How)、礼貌用语。1. Whats your name? -Im Tony. My names Tony. 你的名字是什么？我是托尼。2. Whos she? Shemy mother. 她是谁？ 她是我的妈妈。 Whos that boy? Hes my friend. His names Ben. Look,thats my teacher. 那个男孩是谁？ 他是我的朋友。 他的名字是本。 看，那是我的老师。 How about me? Youre my friend. 那么我呢？ 你是我的朋友。3. 第一次见面问候： Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 很高兴认识你。 也很高兴认识你。 How do you do? How do you do? 你好吗？ 你好吗？4. 老朋友见面问候： How are you? Im fine, thank you. 你好吗？ 我很好，谢谢。 And you? Im fine, too. 你呢？ 我也很好。5. 问候对方家人： How is your mother? Shes fine, thanks. 你妈妈好吗？ 她很好，谢谢。6. 道谢： Thank you. / Thanks. /Thank you very much./ Thanks a lot. 谢谢。 谢谢。 很感谢。 很感谢。 - Youre welcome. Thats (Its) OK. Thats (Its) all right. Not at all. 别客气。 没关系。 没关系。 没关系。7. 道歉： Sorry. - It doesnt matter. Thats (Its) OK. Thats (Its) all right. Not at all. 不要紧。 没关系。 没关系。 没关系。二介绍某物：1Whats this (that)? Its a desk. 这(那)是什么？ 它是一张书桌。2. What are these(those)? Theyre apples. 这些(那些)是什么？ 它们是苹果。 3Is this (that) a panda ? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 这是一只熊猫吗？ 是，它是。 不，它不是。 4Are these(those) grapes? Yes, they are. No, they arent.这些是葡萄吗？ 是的，它们是。不，它们不是。5This(That) is an ant. This(That) isnt an ant. 这(那)是一只蚂蚁。 这(那)不是一只蚂蚁。6These(Those) are ants. These(Those) arent ants. 这些(那些)是蚂蚁。 这些(那些)不是蚂蚁。三建议（Let）、命令、请求 (Can, May)、能力（can）。1 建议： Lets go swimming. OK. / All right. / Thats a good idea. 让我们去游泳吧。 好的。 好的。 好主意。2. 命令 ： Touch your nose! Dont close your eyes!触摸你的鼻子！ 别闭上你的眼睛!3. 请求 ： Let me have a look. OK. Can(May) I have a peach? Sure. Here you are. No. Sorry. 我可以要一个桃子吗 当然。给你。 不，对不起。Can you take out the trash，please ? Sure . Ill take it out . Sorry . Im busy now .你可以拿走垃圾吗? 当然可以.我会拿走它的。对不起。我现在很忙。Can you hang up my clothes , please ? Sure . Ill hang them up in a minute .你可以挂起我的衣服吗？ 当然可以。一会儿我会挂起它们4. 能力 ：Can you sing? Yes, I can. No, I cant. 你会唱歌吗？ 是的，我会。 不，我不会。 Can he sing? No, he cant sing. But he can dance. 他会唱歌吗？ 不，他不会唱歌。 但他会跳舞。 What can Gogo do? He can fly. He flies to the park every week. 高高能做怎么？ 他能飞。 他每个星期五都飞去公园。四喜欢某物(what, like)，喜欢做某事(what, like doing)。 1喜欢某物(what, like)：What do you like? I like milk. 你喜欢什么? 我喜欢牛奶。 Does Jenny like milk? Yes, she does. She likes milk. 珍妮喜欢牛奶吗？ 是的，她喜欢。她喜欢牛奶。 Do they like mike? No, they dont. They dont like milk. 他们喜欢牛奶吗？ 是的，他们不喜欢。他们不喜欢牛奶。2. 喜欢做某事(what, like doing)： What do you like doing? I like reading comic books.你喜欢做什么? 我喜欢看漫画书。Does Jenny like reading comic books? Yes, she likes reading comic books.珍妮喜欢看漫画书吗？ 是的，她喜欢。她喜欢看漫画书。Do they like reading comic books? No, they dont like reading comic books.他们喜欢看漫画书吗？ 不，他们不喜欢看漫画书。五想要某物(what, want)，想做做某事(what, want to do)。1喜欢某物(what, want)：What do you want? I want a guitar. 你想要什么? 我想要一个吉他。Does Jenny want a guitar? Yes, she does. She wants a guitar. 珍妮想要一个吉他吗？ 是的，她想要。她想要一个吉他。 Do they want a guitar? No, they dont. They dont want a guitar.他们想要一个吉他吗？ 不，他们不想要。他们不想要一个吉他。2. 喜欢做某事(what, want to do)： What do you want to do? I want to see a movie. 你想做什么? 我想看电影。Does Jenny want to see a movie? Yes, she does. She wants to see a movie. 珍妮想看电影吗？ 是的， 她想。她想电影吗。 Do they want to see a movie? No, they dont. They dont want to see a movie.他们想看电影吗？ 不，他们不想。他们不想看电影。五天气（某物）怎么样。（what , be like） What was the weather like yesterday? It was sunny. 昨天的天气怎么样? 是晴朗的。 What will the weather be like tomorrow? It will be sunny. 明天的天气将会怎样？ 将会是晴朗的。 What are your shoes like today? They are dirty. 你的鞋子今天怎么样？ 是脏的。 What were your shoes like yesterday? They were clean. 你的鞋子昨天天怎么样？ 是干净的。五问时间。1. 星期(What day)： What day is it today? Its Sunday. 今天是星期几？ 是星期天。 What day was it yesterday? It was Saturday.昨天是星期几？ 是星期六。2.日期(Whats the date) : Whats the date today? Its July 13th .今天是什么日期？ 是七月13日。What was the date yesterday? It was July 12th .昨天是什么日期？ 是七月12日。3. 几点(What time) : What time is it now? Its ten oclock. 现在几点了？ 十点。 What time did you go to school this morning? I went to school at 7:00. 你今天早上几点上学？ 我七点上学。4. 什么时候(When) : Whens winter