四级作文.doc

I. 常见作文类型：a. 议论文（出现次数最多，根据提纲又可以分为几小类： 利弊类/观点类；现象类；综合类）b. 书信类c. 演讲稿之类d. 图表作文II 写作注意事项及范文：A. 议论文类(Argumentation)：紧扣提纲，三段式，120字。1. 第一类， 利弊类: 陈述某种事物的利与弊或人们对某种事物或现象的两种完全不同的看法或观点。这一类的作文一般每段的第一句都是该段的中心句，即三段分别摆出正方、反方和你的观点，在中心句之后陈述各自的理由或该事物的利弊。前两段在字数上基本相当。你的看法最好取上面两种观点中的一个，不要中立，避免骑墙。Model Test One Working as Interns Before GraduationOutline: 1.有些大学生认为有必要在毕业前去实习 2. 但也有人持不同意见 3. 我的看法Some undergraduates think that it is necessary for them to work as interns before graduation. Nowadays, apart from academic results of undergraduates, recruiters tend to pay more attention to their capabilities, such as the communication ability, the skill of solving issues quickly and effectively, etc. Thus more and more undergraduates are eager to seek internships to improve their individual competitive power before the arrival of job-hunting period.However, some other students hold a different opinion. They believe that the main task of undergraduates is studying. Working as interns takes up so much time that some students even skip classes to work as interns. Without solid knowledge foundation, their practical skills can hardly be further developed.In my opinion, undergraduates had better work as interns before graduation. Working as interns can not only put the knowledge learned in class into practice, but also improve undergraduates social skills. It is a good way for them to prepare for adaption to the future work as well as the society.2. 第二类， 现象类：陈述某种社会现象及其产生的原因或给我们带来的问题、不良后果和你对这种现象的看法。这一类的作文，第一段应简洁，用两三句话摆出这种现象，但最好不要出现phenomenon这一词。第二段是全文的中心，一般有两种情况：分析产生这种情况的原因，可以列举2到3个；或分析这种现象的危害性，列举几条。第三段是你的看法，这一部分也很重要，因为这些现象一般都是不太好的，所以在第三部分一般都会让你提出解决该问题的几方面的途径。Model Test Two Private CarsOutline: 1.随着人们生活水平的提高，社会上私家车越来越多了 2. 特别是在大城市，私家车的激增带来了一些问题 3. 我的看法和提议 As the living standards of Chinese people have been greatly improved, more and more people have been able to afford a private car.Thus, in already densely populated big cities in particular, the proliferation of private cars has brought many problems. For example, more private cars make roads more crowded; the emissions of cars pollute the environment; cars consume much energy.In my opinion, some measures have to be taken to restrict negative effects the proliferation of private cars has brought. Firstly, the government had better adopt some policies to control the number of private cars on roads. Secondly, public transport should be greatly developed to lessen the importance of private cars. Thirdly, people ought to be encouraged to buy cars with low energy consumption and fewer emissions. Fourthly, owners of private cars ought to make use of their cars in a more proper and reasonable way.College Students Job-huntingOutline: 1. 近年来，大学毕业生找工作是越来越难了2. 分析造成这种现象的原因 3. 提出解决的可行方案 In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to get a job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated, knowledgeable, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full play. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon? There are several reasons for this. To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high. All they want is “good” jobs which could offer good salary, comfortable working conditions, high social status among others. Consequently, most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider not “good”enough. Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.A solution to the problem requires efforts on both the society and the students. The companies should value the students talent and knowledge while the latter should not merely aim at material gains. They should be down-to-earth in building up their career. Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.Model Test Three Reading Online or OfflineOutline: 1. 现在越来越多的人在网上阅读杂志、报纸、书籍等 2. 仍有很多人在阅读传统的文字内容 3. 你对此的观点 With the development and popularity of Internet and computers, more and more people begin to read online. They read online magazines, online newspapers and even e-books.However, there are still lots of people who stick to the traditional way of reading, namely, reading p-books offline. They buy magazines and newspapers at news stands and books from bookstores.In my opinion, it takes time to totally break peoples connection with p-books by this different way of reading online. For one thing, p-books are part of the whole reading experience, from selecting to collecting. Mostly, it is a kind of psychological satisfaction. People are linked to p-books by emotion, reading habit and psychological dependence. For another, reading online is harmful to eyes. Whats more, people are unable to write or scribble words on what they are reading if its online. It is very much possible that reading online and reading offline complement each other with their own features, but neither of them can replace the other.3. 第三类， 现象观点综合类：摆出一种现象，阐述人们对这种现象不同的认识：相反的观点或两种对立的认识, 最后再提出你的看法 Chinese Festivals and Western Festivals in ChinaOutline: 1. 越来越多的中国人庆祝西方的节日2. 有人认为中国人就应该庆祝中国自己的节日3. 你对此的看法 Western festivals have gained greater popularity than before in China. More and more people are willing to ceremoniously celebrate western festivals, such as Christmas, Thanksgiving day, etc. On the contrary, other people believe that we Chinese should celebrate our own festivals only, like Spring Festival and Dragon-boat Festival. In my opinion, both Chinese festivals and western festivals are opportunities for peoples reunion. Due to the fast pace of life, neither family members nor friends have much spare time to get together. Western festivals provide more opportunities for people to reunite besides Chinese festivals. It is true that not all the people who celebrate western festivals know the true meaning of the festivals they celebrate, but the happy feeling when they are with family and friends could be more significant. In a word, theres nothing wrong with the celebration of western festivals, but just dont forget our own traditional festivals.B. 书信类作文(letters)：主要注意信的格式和开头的称呼，内容按给出的提纲写就可以了。Example:1. 某公司在英文报纸Beijing Today上诚聘一名市场营销经理，主要要求如下: 大学本科及以上学历，专业不限;英文CET-4以上，口语优秀者优先;有良好的沟通能 力，性别不限;有相关工作经验者优先. 2. 如果你是李明，请给该招聘公司人力部门写一封求职信。 A Letter of Application for the Position.Dear Sir or Madam: I was pleased to see your ad in Beijing Today for a sales manager. In July, I will receive my Bachelors degree in Electronics Engineering from Fudan Uninversity, and I would like to apply for the post. I believe I could do satisfactory work for your company because both my education and work experience have been in line with the duties you outlined in your ad. As indicated in my resume, may main degree course is concerned with basic electronic topics. But I also have taken such courses as Marketing, Consumer Behavior Strategies and Psychology, and all available opportunities to increase my knowledge in both fields. The fact that Im qualified for your job is not only owing to my academic achievement but also to the experience I gain in an electronic project last summer. As for my English ability, I have passed the national CET-6 with excellent results and have worked two summers as an English interpreter at Beijing Travel Service. If you feel that I might fit your requirements, I would be available for an interview any time at your convenience. Im looking forward to hearing from you. Sincerely yours, Li MingC.演讲类：注意开头和结尾的客套话Model Test Five White PollutionOutline: 1. 白色污染的含义及其产生的原因2. 列举白色污染所带来的危害 3. 我们应该怎么办Good morning, honored professors and fellow students. Its my pleasure to stand here to give the speech. The topic of my speech is White Pollution.White pollution refers to plastic pollutions, which is caused by the abandoned plastic products. Plastic products release toxic gas into the air, and also will pollute the water. Those plastic products which cannot be decomposed will cover large areas of ground for a long time, for instance, 100 to 200 years.To reduce white pollution, we must use plastic products, especially plastic bags as few as possible. We can use baskets and cloth bags to take the place of plastic bags. Also, we can reuse plastic products, for example, we can use the plastic bags from the supermarkets for the rubbish, rather than throw these bags away immediately.White pollution is just around us, and the responsibility to reduce white pollution is rightly on our own shoulders. Lets take actions.Thats all, thank you.D. 图表作文: 这类作文一般会给出图表和提纲，首先必须读懂图表，搞清楚表中对比的两方面。该类作文的写作步骤为：第一部分，对图表中的相关内容进行说明，特别是体现了一种什么样的关系，接下来可以应用一些数据进行说明； 第二部分多为分析这种现象产生的原因，好多时候需要借助我们自己的知识；第三部分可能是谈你的看法或提出解决的方案。公办外国其他九年义务教育96.5%3.5%0%大学及以后教育9.5%89.5%1%1. 上图所示为2002年在北京，上海，广州三大城市统计的九年义务教育和大学及以后教育阶段接受公办教育和外国教育的赞同比率，请描述表的内容2. 简单分析其原因3. 你的态度和看法参考词汇：Nine-year compulsory educ