江苏高考英语试题单项填空考查热点与应试策略.doc

“突出语境，强化语意，注重运用” 江苏高考英语试题单项填空考查热点及应试策略江苏省扬州中学 江苏省高考英语试题自主命题思路继续保持一贯的风格：突出语篇、强调应用、注重交际，着重考查学生在听、说、读、写各个方面的实际运用能力。但又体现了“稳中求变，变中求新，立足语篇，突出语境”这一指导思想。试卷内容贴近生活、贴近时代，知识覆盖面广，因此试卷具有较高的信度、效度，难度也比较适中。这样的命题一定会有利于高校选拔人才，有利于中学实施素质教育，有利于推进基础教育课程改革。为帮助老师、同学对2006年江苏高考英语试卷进一步了解，调整、指导2007年高考英语的复习教学，现对试卷中的单项填空题考查热点及应对策略略作评析，仅供参考。I. 考查重点 该大题主要考查学生在语境中综合运用词汇、语法、习惯用语和日常交际用语的能力。其测试内容如下：考查内容数量及题号动词时态1（27）语态1（23）词组辨析1（25）情态动词1（21）非谓语动词 2（30、32）主谓一致1（34）从句定语从句1（29）状语从句1（31）宾语从句1（35）代词1（22）形容词比较级1（33）副词1（26）介词1（24）情景对话1（28）如试题及上表所示，考查内容基本涵盖中学阶段所学知识，但是：（1）动词是考查的重点。如试卷中的25题表明，动词短语的识记及辨析能力一直是高考的必考题，也是学生失分较多题。（2）注重特定语境中的语法和词汇知识的运用考查。强调应用、注重交际，纯语法规则的考查题较少，考查理解能力和逻辑推理能力的试题较多。充分体现了英语课程标准中“改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授，忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向”的新思想。（3）加大题干句子结构的复杂程度，融结构考查与理解考查于一提，读句能力的要求有明显提高。（4）交际题型多达5道 (为近年最多的一次)，占33.3%，充分体现了注重交际的教学导向。II. 原题拷贝2006年江苏高考英语单选题解析21. - I think Ill give Bob a ring. - You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. willB. mayC. have toD. should【解析】D情态动词should的最基本用法，用以表示劝告或推荐。22. My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. A. oneB. the oneC. heD. someone【解析】B本题考查同位语，冠词，代词用法。调整一下语序变成：My most famous relative of all was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather, the one who really left his mark on America.不难看出the one who really left his mark on America做my great-grandfather的同位语，又因为所填的代词被定语从句修饰，所以要加定冠词。23. - I dont suppose the police know who did it. - Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questionedB. is being questioned C. is questioningD. has questioned【解析】B本题考查时态、语态。注意最后一词now，故用被动语态地进行时态。24. This new model of car is so expensive that it is _ the reach of those with average income. A. overB. withinC. beyondD. below【解析】C本题考查介词。表示在能力上超出，应用beyond. beyond the reach of those with average income.意为“超出平均收入人的购买能力”。再如：超出某人的想象力beyond ones imagination；超出某人的理解力，某人无法理解beyond ones understandings. over一般用来表示时间，数量上的超过，或者空间上越过一段距离。25. - Are you going to have a holiday this year? - Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _. A. offB. outC. behindD. over【解析】C本题考查动词短语的识记及辨析。leavebehind有两层意思。一是表示：把抛在后面。如：Britain is left behind in the race for new market英国在开发新市场方面被抛在后面。二是表示：永久离开。如：She knew that she had left childhood behind.她知道童年已经一去不复返了。本句中表示永久离开这个地方。leave sth. off意为“停止”； leave sth. out意为“排除，忽略”；leave over意为“推迟”。 26. The committee is discussing the problem right now. it will _ have been solved by the end of next week. A. eagerlyB. hopefullyC. immediatelyD. gradually【解析】B本题考查副词词意辨析。正在讨论这个问题，所以到下周是有希望解决好。27. Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achievedB. has achievedC. will achieveD. had achieved【解析】B本题考查动词时态。依据what worries us is that some of them are returning.可判断是到目前为止，所以用现在完成时。28. - It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me. - Well, you know what they say. _. A. There is no smoke without fireB. Practice makes perfect C. All roads lead to RomeD. No pains, no gains【解析】D本题考查英语谚语。由上文可知，是“不劳无获”。29. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A. whoB. thatC. asD. which【解析】D本题考查定语从句。which指代上文所提到的整个句子。30. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said【解析】A本题考查分词作伴随状语。31. _ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover. A. Even ifB. If onlyC. WhileD. Once【解析】D本题考查状语从句，Once用作连词引导状语从句表示“一旦，一经”，符合句意。 Even if意为“即使，假使”；If only意为“假如就好了”从句中常用虚拟语气；While意为“当时候，与同时；尽管”。32. - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. having been【解析】C本题考查动词imagine的用法：imagine doing.，此处用被动式：being done 。33. I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. A. a bit lessB. any lessC. much moreD. a little more【解析】A本题考查形容词的比较级。 less talking和more work.相对应。any 修饰比较级，常用于否定句和疑问句中，故不选B。34. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. isB. areC. wasD. were【解析】A本题考查冠词。表示一身兼两职后接单数动词，注意时间状语tomorrow afternoon故不选C。35. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that【解析】C本题考查宾语从句。whether和if引导宾语从句的区别，if 表示“是否”不可引导介词后的宾语从句，此时只能用whether。III. 试题特征近年来江苏高考英语单项选择题中基础知识题占一定的比例，试题难度有所降低，但几乎所有的基础知识题的设置都有一定的语境，或需要参照一定的语境，而不是对基础知识孤立的考查。试题设计坚持语境化命题原则，纯语法规则的试题减少，考查英语能力、理解能力及逻辑推理能力的试题增加；知识覆盖面广，同时突出语境，注重对学生综合知识的考查。命题设计包括如下特征：（1）创设语境法Do you have anything _ .? Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself.A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do（2）设置干扰打乱句式The officer gave orders that anyone _a gun should be reported to the police station.A saw take B. seen taking C. seeing take D. seen taken加入插入语We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her ?A was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened标点符号Everyone was on time for the meeting-_ Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything.A. but B. only C. even D. yet省略 How long have you been here? _ the end of last month. A. In B. By C. At D. Since （3）思维定势Not far from the club there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.A. whose B. its C. which D. thatWang ling was elected _ all he is the tallest. A. because B. because of C. for D. as （4）英汉差异When we got to the top of the mountain the sun was rising _ the east. A. to B. from C. in D. at （5）曲折表达She really sings perfectly.Yes, I have never heard _ voice.A. a good B. a betterC. a best D. the bestIV. 应对策略一、增强语境意识，提高语境分析能力题干中的语境信息不仅包括事件的地点，内容和时间；而且常是单词、短语或句子。 平时可以将高考题改变语境信息进行训练。如： Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （NMET 2004 全国II）A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done改编为： Has Sam finished his homework today?Yes. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done二、把握命题意图,排除句式干扰单选题的题干常以疑问句，被动句, 倒装句，强调句等形式出现来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。此时可以将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句还原为熟悉的陈述句，即使用还原法。如：1. 将疑问句改成陈述句。 Whom would you rather have _with you ? A.to go B. go C. gone D. going还原为：You would rather have whom go with you. 本题测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth.2.改被动句为主动句。 Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A.learningB.learned C.to learnD.learns主动句为：We should make good use of time to learn our lesson well.3.强调句型还原成简单句式判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法：去掉题干中的It is(was).that(who)，如果句子仍然成立即表达完整的意思，则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home Arepair Brepairing Cto repair Din repair 还原为：The old man spent the whole morning repairing the old clock at home4. 感叹句还原为陈述句what little Tom said to his mother sounded! Awhat reasonable B How a reasonable CHow reasonable D What a reasonableWhat little Tom said to his mother sounded how reasonable! 很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。 5. 固定短语还原That was we had in London 3 years ago!Awonderful time Ba wonderful time Cwonderful Dwonderfully可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配had a wonderful time（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。 6.去掉插入语或从句或分词结构(1) He believes in himself，_ ，in my opinion，is of the most importance Athat Bwhich Cwhat DAs去掉插入语为：He believes in himself，which is of the most importance(2) He often stands against the fence and talks endlessly with my father _ gardening problems Ato Btoo Cabout Doff 去掉短语为：He often stands against the fence and talks about gardening problems 7.补充省略成分 -What made you so happy ? -_. (made me so happy)A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam.三、注意英汉差异，克服思维定势。1. The population of China is _than that of Russia. A. much more B. much larger C. many more D. many larger留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读多比较多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。2. He ran as fast as he could _ the bus.A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught该写为：He ran as fast as he could (run) to catch the bus.四、注意标点符号、连词的使用及句子的平衡结构。1. Tom has many friends; _ can help him. A. few of which B. few of whom C. few of that D. few of them 2. He set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrivedV.仿真训练仿真训练一1 - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. And how I wish to go there again!A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent2. Mr. Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _ some green trees.A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are3. I can hardly imagine so pretty a girl like you _ boxing. A. like B. to like C. liking D. to have liked4. If a book is in English, _ means slow progress for you. A. as B. which C. what D. that5. She left and on the table is her message: _ Ive gone shopping now and will be back at 10:30.A.that B. where C. which D. 6. If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _. A. not; not B. no; no C. not; no D. no; not7. You should treat him (in) the way _ suits him most. A. that B. in which C. / D. why 8. -I cant find Mr. Morris. Where did you meet him yesterday ? -It was in the hotel _ he stayed.A. where B. which C. that D. the one9. - Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?- Sorry, Im too busy and havent got even a minute to _.A. spend B. spare C. share D. stop10. If you want to see a doctor, you fix a date with him ahead of time. Thatis a common _ in the USA.A. sense B. rule C. practice D. reality11. -500, but that is my last offer.-OK, it is a _.A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal12. This book is said to be a special one, which _ many events not foundin other history books.A. writes B. covers C. prints D. reads13. I have been studying computer for several years and I still _.A. have B. do C. have been D. am14. -Remember the first time we met, Jim?-Of course I do. You _ in the library.A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read15. As senior 3 students, it is the most important to _ a good stateof mind in face of failure.A. keep up B. keep on C. keep out D. keep off Keys: 1-5 ACCDD6-10 AAA BC 11-15 DBDAA仿真训练二16. -Did you visit the famous museum?-No. We _ it, but we spent too much time shopping.A. could have visited B. must have visitedC. cant have visited D. shouldnt have visited17. -I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.-Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor.A. when B. why C. what D. that18. -Could I use yours?-Im sorry, it isnt here. Id get it for you _ I couldremember who borrowed it.A. except that B. now that C. if only D. even though19. Steven has a lot of work to _ in the office since he has beenaway for quite a few days.A. take up B. make up C. work out D. carry out20. A fifteen- year-old girl came _ to the bus stop only _ thebus had gone.A. running, to find B. to run, to findC. and run, found D. running, finding21. The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red.A. set up B. shut up C. catch up D. pull up22. Is this research center _ we visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. which23. She is wondering _ to deal with next.A. what B. which C. how D. why24. -Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a25. I kept this picture _ I can see it every day as it reminds me ofmy university days.A. in which B. where C. when D. whether26. The boss _ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.A. brought down B. kept back C. cut off D. held up27. -which one can I take?-You can take _ of them; Ill keep none.A. both B. any C. neither D. all28. -Did you give him the book?-Yes. I gave it to him _ I saw him.A. once B. hurriedly C. while D. directly29. We have reached the point _ a change is needed.A. which B. when C. that D. where30. -May I go and play with Tom this afternoon, Mum?-No. You cant go out _ your homework is being done.A. before B. as C. until D. after Keys: 16-20 AACBA 21-25 DAADB 22-3