流行性感冒讲座英文ppt课件.ppt

Influenza Influenza 1 WhatisInfluenza 2 HowInfluenzaSpreads3 Symptoms4 Diagnosis5 Treatment6 HowtoPrevent 1 WhatisInfluenza Influenza theflu isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses Itcancausemildtosevereillness andattimescanleadtodeath History 2 400years Acoldisamilderrespiratoryillnessthantheflu Whilecoldsymptomscanmakeyoufeelbadforafewdays Flusymptomscanmakeyoufeelquiteillforafewdaystoweeks Coldsymptomsusuallybeginwithasorethroat whichusuallygoesawayafteradayortwo Nasalsymptoms runnynose andcongestionfollow alongwithacoughbythefourthandfifthdays Feverisuncommoninadults butaslightfeverispossible Childrenaremorelikelytohaveafeverwithacold Withcoldsymptoms yournoseteemswithwaterynasalsecretionsforthefirstfewdays Later thesebecomethickeranddarker Whetherapersonhastypicalseasonalfluorswineflu thesymptomsseemtobequitesimilar Flusymptomsareusuallymoreseverethancoldsymptomsandcomeonquickly Symptomsofswinefluandseasonalfluincludesorethroat fever headache muscleachesandsoreness congestion andcough Swinefluinparticularisalsoassociatedwithvomitinganddiarrhea DifferenceBetweenColdorFLU Influenza theflu isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses Itcancausemildtosevereillness andattimescanleadtodeath Thebestwaytopreventseasonalfluisbygettingaseasonalfluvaccinationeachyear InvirusclassificationinfluenzavirusesareRNAvirusesthatmakeupthreeofthefivegeneraofthefamilyOrthomyxoviridae InfluenzavirusAInfluenzavirusBInfluenzavirusC Influenza theflu 1918H1N1Spanishflu40millionH2N3Fareastflu2million1968H2N3HongKongflu700000 WorldWarI 8to10million 20thcentury KeyInfluenzaAViralFeatures 神经氨酸酶 N 血凝素 H Influenza AnEver ChangingVirus Antigenicdrift Smallchange happencontinuallyovertimeIsoneofthemainreasonswhypeoplecangettheflumorethanonetimeAntigenicshift Isanabrupt majorchangeResultsinanewinfluenzaAsubtypeoravirus 2 HowInfluenzaSpreads Peoplewithflucanspreadittoothersuptoabout6feetawayMostexpertsthinkthatfluvirusesarespreadmainlybydropletsmadewhenpeoplewithflucough sneezeortalkThesedropletscanlandinthemouthsornosesofpeoplewhoarenearbyorpossiblybeinhaledintothelungs Lessoften apersonmightalsogetflubytouchingasurfaceorobjectthathasfluvirusonitandthentouchingtheirownmouthornose contacttransmission AccordingtoCenterfordiseasecontrol prevention CDC symptomsofH1N1influenzaresemblesseasonalinfluenzaandotheracuteupperrespiratorytractinfections 3 Symptoms FeverwithorwithoutchillsLethargyLackofappetiteSorethroatCoughRunningnoseBodyacheHeadacheNauseaVomitingDiarrhea 4 Diagnosis DifficulttodiagnoseSimilartothecommoncoldOnsetofsymptomsmayoccurrapidly Diagnosis Itcanbetestedforinthelab Leukopeniaparticularlylymphopeniamild to moderatethrombocytopeniaslightlyormoderatelyelevatedaminotransferaselevelsMarkedhyperglycemiarelatedtocorticosteroiduseelevatedcreatininelevels Commonlaboratoryfindings viralisolationchickembryosculturedcells VirologyDiagnosis VirologyDiagnosis Real timePCRRapidQuantitative Immunofluroscence RapidDistinguishbetweeninfluenzaAandBviruses VirologyDiagnosis Drugsprovedresistantatpresent 5 Treatment 6 HowtoPrevent 8StepstoProtectYourselfIndividualpreparednessBeforethepandemiccomesWhenthepandemiccomes Step1BepreparedStep2GetvaccinatedStep3KeephandscleanStep4Usemaskproperly 8StepsToProtectYourself Step5KnowhowinfluenzapresentsStep6ManagefeverwellStep7PractisehealthylifestyleStep8Beresourceful 8StepsToProtectYourself Step1 BePrepared Buildupgoodpersonalhygienewashhandsfrequentlywearmaskwhensymptomsofrespiratorytractinfectiondevelopcovermouthandnosewithtissuewhencoughingorsneezinganddisposeofsoiledtissueproperlyinaliddedrubbishbinavoidtouchingeyes mouthornose Step1 BePrepared Seasonalpeaks Jan Mar Jul AugInfluenzavaccinationoneoftheeffectivemeansofpreventinginfluenzaanditscomplicationsInfluenzavaccinationisrecommendedtospecialgroups Step2 GetVaccinated Step2 GetVaccinated Step2 GetVaccinated Peoplenotsuitabletoreceiveinfluenzavaccination Allergictoeggs neomycin etcAllergictopreviousdoseofinfluenzavaccineWithbleedingdisordersoronwarfarin deepsubcutaneousinjectionSufferfromacutefebrileillness receivewhenrecover Step2 GetVaccinated Twoweeksaftervaccination antibodiesdevelopandprovideprotectionImmunitydeclinesovertime Step2 GetVaccinated Step3 KeepHandsClean Step3 KeepHandsClean Step3 KeepHandsClean Step4 UseMaskProperly outward Inward Step4 UseMaskProperly Pointstonoteaboutwearingasurgicalmask ThemaskshouldfitsnuglyoverthefaceTrynottotouchthemaskonceitissecuredonyourface Ifyoumustdoso washyourhandsbeforeandaftertouchingthemaskWhentakingoffthemask avoidtouchingtheoutsideofthemask Step4 UseMaskProperly Pointstonoteaboutwearingasurgicalmask Aftertakingoffthemask putthemaskintoaplasticorpaperbagbeforeputtingitintoarubbishbinwithalidAsurgicalmaskshouldbechangedatleastdailyReplacethemaskimmediatelyifitisdamagedorsoiled Step4 UseMaskProperly Step5 KnowHowInfluenzaPresents Step6 ManageFeverWell Step7 PractiseHealthyLifestyle IsoneofthemosteffectivewaystopreventcommunicablediseasesToleadahealthylifestyle EatabalanceddietGetregularexerciseDonotsmokeHaveadequaterest buildupbodyresistance Step7 PractiseHealthyLifestyle MajorcomponentsofabalanceddietAvarietyoffoodWholegrainsasthemajorcomponentofeachmealPlentyoffruitsandvegetablesAdequateamountsoffluids Eatadequateamountsofleanmeatorbeans andreducedfatdairyproductsAvoidprocessedorpreservedfoodandfoodthatisrichinfat cholesterol saltandsugarHaveregularmeals Step7 PractiseHealthyLifestyle Regularexercise 30m