NewSevenQCTools.ppt

TheNewSevenQ C Tools ATrainingPresentationontheN7 ByChristopherDiaz WhataretheNewSevenQ C Tools AffinityDiagrams RelationsDiagrams TreeDiagrams MatrixDiagrams ArrowDiagrams ProcessDecisionProgramCharts MatrixDataAnalysis HistoryoftheNewSevenQ C Tools CommitteeofJ U S E 1972AimwastodevelopmoreQCtechniqueswithdesignapproachWorkinconjunctionwithoriginalBasicSevenToolsNewsetofmethods N7 1977 Slide10f2 HistoryoftheNewSevenQ C Tools Developedtoorganizeverbaldatadiagrammatically Basic7toolseffectivefordataanalysis processcontrol andqualityimprovement numericaldata UsedtogetherincreasesTQMeffectiveness Slide20f2 WhataretheBasicSevenQ C Tools FlowCharts RunCharts Histograms ParetoDiagrams CauseandEffectDiagrams ScatterDiagrams ControlCharts RelationBetweenNewSevenQ C ToolsandBasicSevenTools FACTS Data NumericalData VerbalData Organize TheSevenNewTools Information TheBasicSevenTools GenerateIdeasFormulateplans Analyticalapproach Defineproblemaftercollectingnumericaldata Defineproblembeforecollectingnumericaldata Source Nayatani Y TheSevenNewQCTools Tokyo Japan 3ACorporation 1984 EnhancedCapabilities Generateideas Improveplanning Eliminateerrorsandomissions Explainproblemsintelligibly Securefullcooperation Persuadepowerfully BenefitsofIncorporatingNewSevenQ C Tools Organizeverbaldata Slide10f4 EnhancedKeystoOrganizationalReform Clarifythedesiredsituation Prioritizetaskseffectively Proceedsystematically Anticipatefutureevents Changeproactively Getthingsrightthefirsttime BenefitsofIncorporatingNewSevenQ C Tools Assesssituationsfromvariousangles Slide20f4 FiveObjectivesofOrganizationalReformwhichwillestablishaCulturethat Givesimportancetoplanning Stressestheimportanceoftheprocess Prioritizestasks Encourageseveryonetothinksystematically BenefitsofIncorporatingNewSevenQ C Tools Slide30f4 Identifiesproblems BenefitsofIncorporatingNewSevenQ C Tools UnstructuredProblem mustbeputintosolvableform Problemismapped Problembecomesobvioustoall Problemisinsolvableform Slide40f4 TheSevenNewTools Thoughtsareeasilyorganized Thingsgowell Peopleunderstandproblem Cooperationisobtained Countermeasuresareontarget Problembecomesobvioustoall Nubofproblemisidentified Problemcanbeclearlyarticulated Plansareeasilylaid Nothingisomitted Source Nayatani Y TheSevenNewQCTools Tokyo Japan 3ACorporation 1984 NewSevenQ C ToolsAffinityDiagrams ForPinpointingtheProbleminaChaoticSituationandGeneratingSolutionStrategies Gatherslargeamountsofintertwinedverbaldata ideas opinions issues OrganizesthedataintogroupsbasedonnaturalrelationshipMakesitfeasibleforfurtheranalysisandtofindasolutiontotheproblem Slide10f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsAffinityDiagrams AdvantagesofAffinityDiagrams FacilitatesbreakthroughthinkingandstimulatefreshideasPermitstheproblemtobepinneddownaccuratelyEnsureseveryoneclearlyrecognizestheproblemIncorporatesopinionsofentiregroup Slide20f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsAffinityDiagrams AdvantagesofAffinityDiagrams cont FostersteamspiritRaiseseveryone slevelofawarenessSpurstothegroupintoaction Slide30f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsAffinityDiagrams ConstructinganAffinityDiagramGroupMethodApproach Slide40f7 Selectatopic Collectverbaldatabybrainstorming Discussinfocollecteduntileveryoneunderstandsitthoroughly Writeeachitemonseparatedatacard Spreadoutallcardsontable NewSevenQ C ToolsAffinityDiagrams ConstructinganAffinityDiagramGroupMethodApproach cont Slide50f7 Movedatacardsintogroupsofsimilarthemes naturalaffinityforeachother CombinestatementsondatacardstonewAffinitystatement MakenewcardwithAffinitystatement Continuetocombineuntillessthan5groups NewSevenQ C ToolsAffinityDiagrams ConstructinganAffinityDiagramGroupMethodApproach cont Slide60f7 Laythegroupsouts keepingtheaffinityclusterstogether Next completethediagram NewSevenQ C ToolsAffinityDiagrams CompletinganAffinityDiagram Slide70f7 Source Nayatani Y TheSevenNewQCTools Tokyo Japan 3ACorporation 1984 NewSevenQ C ToolsRelationsDiagrams ForFindingSolutionsStrategiesbyClarifyingRelationshipswithComplexInterrelatedCauses ResolvestangledissuesbyunravelingthelogicalconnectionAllowsfor Multi directional thinkingratherthanlinearAlsoknownasInterrelationshipdiagrams Slide10f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsRelationsDiagrams AdvantagesofRelationsDiagrams UsefulatplanningstageforobtainingperspectiveonoverallsituationFacilitatesconsensusamongteamAssiststodevelopandchangepeople sthinkingEnablesprioritiestobeidentifiedaccurately Slide20f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsRelationsDiagrams AdvantagesofRelationsDiagrams cont Makestheproblemrecognizablebyclarifyingtherelationshipsamongcauses Slide30f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsRelationsDiagrams ConstructingaRelationsDiagramGroupMethodApproach Slide40f7 Expresstheprobleminformof Whyisn tsomethinghappening Eachmemberlists5causesaffectingproblem Discussinfocollecteduntileveryoneunderstandsitthoroughly Writeeachitemonacard NewSevenQ C ToolsRelationsDiagrams ConstructingaRelationsDiagramGroupMethodApproach cont Slide50f7 Movecardsintosimilargroups Askingwhy explorethecause effectrelationships anddividethecardsintoprimary secondaryandtertiarycauses Connectallcardsbytheserelationships Furtherdiscussuntilallpossiblecauseshavebeenidentified NewSevenQ C ToolsRelationsDiagrams ConstructingaRelationsDiagramGroupMethodApproach cont Slide60f7 Connectallrelatedgroups Next completethediagram Reviewwholediagramlookingforrelationshipsamongcauses NewSevenQ C ToolsRelationsDiagrams CompletingaRelationsDiagram Slide70f7 Source Nayatani Y TheSevenNewQCTools Tokyo Japan 3ACorporation 1984 NewSevenQ C ToolsTreeDiagrams ForSystematicallyPursuingtheBestStrategiesforAttaininganObjective DevelopsasuccessionofstrategiesforachievingobjectivesRevealsmethodstoachievetheresults AlsoknownasSystematicdiagramsorDendrograms Slide10f5 NewSevenQ C ToolsTreeDiagrams AdvantagesofTreeDiagrams SystematicandlogicalapproachislesslikelythatitemsareomittedFacilitatesagreementamongteamAreextremelyconvincingwithstrategies Slide20f5 Discussmeansofachievingobjective primarymeans firstlevelstrategy NewSevenQ C ToolsTreeDiagrams ConstructingaTreeDiagramGroupMethodApproach Slide30f5 WriteRelationsDiagramtopic Objectivecard Identifyconstraintsonhowobjectivecanbeachieved Takeeachprimarymean writeob jectiveforachievingit secondarymeans NewSevenQ C ToolsTreeDiagrams ConstructinganTreeDiagramGroupMethodApproach cont Slide40f5 Continuetoexpandtothefourthlevel Revieweachsystemofmeansinbothdirections fromobjectivetomeansandmeanstoobjective Addmorecardsifneeded Connectalllevels Next completethediagram NewSevenQ C ToolsTreeDiagrams CompletingaTreeDiagram Slide50f5 Source Nayatani Y TheSevenNewQCTools Tokyo Japan 3ACorporation 1984 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDiagrams ForClarifyingProblemsby ThinkingMultidimensionally Consistsofatwo dimensionalarraytodeterminelocationandnatureofproblemDiscoverskeyideasbyrelationshipsrepresentedbythecellsinmatrix Slide10f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDiagrams AdvantagesofMatrixDiagrams EnabledataonideasbasedonextensiveexperienceClarifiesrelationshipsamongdifferentelementsMakesoverallstructureofproblemimmediatelyobviousCombinedfromtwotofourtypesofdiagrams locationofproblemisclearer Slide20f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDiagrams AdvantagesofMatrixDiagrams cont 5types L shaped T shaped Y shaped X shaped andC shaped Slide30f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDiagrams ConstructingaMatrixDiagram Slide40f7 Writefinal levelmeansfromTreediagramformingverticalaxis WriteinEvaluationcategories efficacy practicability andrank onhorizontalaxis Writenamesalonghorizontalaxis Examinefinal levelmeanstoidentifywhomwillimplementthem NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDiagrams ConstructingaMatrixDiagram cont Slide50f7 Labelgroupofcolumnsas Responsibilities Labelright handendofhorizontalaxisas Remarks Examineeachcellandinserttheappropriatesymbol Efficacy O good satisfactory X nonePracticability O good satisfactory X none NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDiagrams ConstructingaMatrixDiagram cont Slide60f7 Filloutremarkscolumnandrecordmeaningsofsymbol Next completethediagram ExaminecellsunderResponsibilityColumns insertdouble circleforPrincipalandsingle circleforSubsidiary Determinescoreforeachcombinationofsymbols recordinrankcolumn NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDiagrams CompletingaMatrixDiagram Slide70f7 Source Nayatani Y TheSevenNewQCTools Tokyo Japan 3ACorporation 1984 NewSevenQ C ToolsArrowDiagrams ForWorkingOutOptimalSchedulesandControllingThemEffectively ShowsrelationshipsamongtasksneededtoimplementaplanNetworktechniqueusingnodesforeventsandarrowsforactivitiesUsedinPERT ProgramEvaluationandReviewTechnique andCPM CriticalPathMethod Slide10f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsArrowDiagrams AdvantagesofArrowDiagrams AllowsoveralltasktoviewedandpotentialsnagstobeidentifiedbeforeworkstartsLeadstodiscoveryofpossibleimprovementsMakesiteasytomonitorprogressofworkDealspromptlywithchangestoplanImprovescommunicationamongteam Slide20f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsArrowDiagrams AdvantagesofArrowDiagrams cont Promotesunderstandingandagreementamonggroup Slide30f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsArrowDiagrams ConstructinganArrowDiagram Slide40f7 FromstrategiesonTreediagram selectone ObjectiveofArrowDiagram IdentifyconstraintstoObjective Writeallessentialactivitiesonseparatecards ListallactivitiesnecessarytoachievingObjective NewSevenQ C ToolsArrowDiagrams ConstructinganArrowDiagram cont Slide50f7 Organizecardsinsequentialorderofactivities Removeanyduplicateactivities Revieworderofactivities findsequencewithgreatestamountofactivities Arrangeparallelactivities NewSevenQ C ToolsArrowDiagrams ConstructinganArrowDiagram cont Slide60f7 Recordnamesandothernecessaryinformation Next completethediagram Examinepath numbernodesinsequencefromlefttoright NewSevenQ C ToolsArrowDiagrams CompletinganArrowDiagram Slide70f7 Source Nayatani Y TheSevenNewQCTools Tokyo Japan 3ACorporation 1984 NewSevenQ C ToolsProcessDecisionsProgramCharts ForProducingtheDesiredResultfromManyPossibleOutcomes UsedtoplanvariouscontingenciesUsedforgettingactivitiesbackontrackSteerseventsinrequireddirectionifunanticipatedproblemsoccurFindsfeasiblecountermeasurestoovercomeproblems Slide10f7 AdvantagesofProcessDecisionsProgramCharts PDPC s FacilitatesforecastingUsespasttoanticipatecontingenciesEnablesproblemstopinpointedIllustrateshoweventswillbedirectedtosuccessfulconclusionEnablesthoseinvolvedtounderstanddecision makersintentions Slide20f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsProcessDecisionsProgramCharts AdvantagesofPDPC s cont FosterscooperationandcommunicationingroupEasilymodifiedandeasilyunderstood Slide30f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsProcessDecisionsProgramCharts ConstructingaPDPC Slide40f7 Selectahighlyeffective butdifficultstrategyfromtheTreediagram Decideonagoal mostdesirableoutcome Identifyconstraintsofobjective Identifyexistingsituation Startingpoint NewSevenQ C ToolsProcessDecisionsProgramCharts Listactivitiestoreachgoalandpotentialproblemswitheachactivity ConstructinganPDPC cont Slide50f7 Reviewlist Addextraactivitiesorproblemsnotthoughtofpreviously Preparecontingencyplanforeachstepandreviewwhatactionisneededifstepisnotachieved Examinecarefullytocheckforinconsistenciesandallimportantfactorsareincluded NewSevenQ C ToolsProcessDecisionsProgramCharts ConstructinganPDPC cont Slide60f7 Next completethediagram Examinetomakesureallcontingencyplansareadequate NewSevenQ C ToolsProcessDecisionsProgramCharts CompletingaPDPC Slide70f7 NewSevenQ C ToolsProcessDecisionsProgramCharts Source Nayatani Y TheSevenNewQCTools Tokyo Japan 3ACorporation 1984 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDataAnalysis PrincipalComponentAnalysis TechniquequantifiesandarrangesdatapresentedinMatrixBasedsolelyonnumericaldataFindsindicatorsthatdifferentiateandattempttoclarifylargeamountofinformation Slide10f6 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDataAnalysis AdvantagesofPrincipalComponentAnalysis Canbeusedinvariousfields marketsurveys newproductplanning processanalysis CanbewhenusedwhenMatrixdiagramdoesnotgivesufficientinformationUsefulasPrioritizationGrid Slide20f6 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDataAnalysis ConstructingaPrioritizationGridSource Foster S ManagingQuality UpperSaddleRiver NJ PrenticeHall 2001 Slide30f6 Determineyourgoal youralternatives andcriteriafordecision Placeselectioninorderofimportance Sumindividualratingstoestablishoverallranking Dividebynumberofoptionsforaverageranking Applypercentageweighttoeachoption allweightsshouldaddupto1 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDataAnalysis ConstructingaPrioritizationGrid cont Slide40f6 Rankordereachoptionwithrespecttocriterion Averagetherankingsandapplyacompletedranking MultiplyweightbyassociatedrankinMatrix inexample 4isbest 1isworst ResultisImportanceScore AddupImportanceScoresforeachoption NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDataAnalysis ConstructingaPrioritizationGrid cont Slide50f6 Seecompletedthediagram Rankorderthealternativesaccordingtoimportance CompletingaPrioritizationGrid Slide60f6 NewSevenQ C ToolsMatrixDataAnalysis Source Foster S ManagingQuality UpperSaddleRiver NJ PrenticeHall 2001 ReviewNewSevenQ C Tools AffinityDiagrams RelationsDiagrams TreeDiagrams MatrixDiagrams ArrowDiagrams ProcessDecisionProgramCharts MatrixDataAnalysis MentalAttitudes Keenawarenesstotheactualproblem Eagernesstosolveproblem Behighlymotivatedforthechallenge KeystoSuccessfullyUsingtheNewSevenQ C Tools Slide10f5 FourSpecificKeysUnderstandtheproblemSelecttherighttoolforthejobObtainappropriateverbaldataInterpretanalyticalresults KeystoSuccessfullyUsingtheNewSevenQ C Tools Slide20f5 UnderstandtheproblemStage1 problemisunclearandnotobviouswhatexactissueshouldbeaddressedStage2 problemisobvious butcausesunknownexplorecausesandsingleoutvalidonesStage3 problemandcausesareknownrequiredactionisunknownstrategiesandplanmustbedeveloped 4SpecificKeys KeystoSuccessfullyUsingtheNewSevenQ C Tools Slide30f5 SelectingRighttoolfortheJobStage1 Collectverbalinformationonevents AffinityDiagram Stage2 Choosetooltoidentifycauses RelationsDiagram MatrixDiagram Stage3 Liststrategiesandactivities TreeDiagram RelationsDiagram Planactualactivities ArrowDiagram PDPCChart 4SpecificKeys cont KeystoSuccessfullyUsingtheNewSevenQ C Tools Slide40f5 ObtainingappropriateverbaldataThreetypesofverbaldata Facts factualobservationsexpressedinwords Opinions factualinformationcoloredbyopinion Ideas Newconceptscreatedbyanalyzingfacts GroupDiscussions Ensurescommonunderstanding Alldatashouldbewithoutbiasordistortion Datashouldfitobjectiveoftheanalysis 4SpecificKeys cont KeystoSuccessfullyUsingtheNewSevenQ C Tools Slide50f5 InterpretingAnalyticalResultsInformationmustbeobtainedforaccomplishingobjectivesfrom Completeddiagrams or ProcessofcompletingdiagramsAnalyzeactualinformationobtained Preparesummarizedreportwithfindings conclusions and