2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第21课九年级Units13_14基础知识.docx

第21课 九年级 Units 1314课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. litter 乱扔；垃圾2. plastic 塑料的3. cruel 残酷的；残忍的4. industry 工业；行业5. law 法律；法规6. afford 承担得起；买得起7. recycle 回收利用8. gate 大门9. bottle 瓶；瓶子10. president 负责人；总统11. work 作品12. metal 金属13. survey 调查14. standard 标准；水平15. row 一排；一列16. keyboard 琴键；键盘17. instruction 指示；命令；说明18. double 加倍；两倍的19. shall 将要；将会20. caring 体贴人的；关心他人的21. text 课文；文本22. level 水平23. degree 学位；度数；程度24. thankful 感激的25. task 任务26. separate 分离的；分开27. wing 翅膀28. reusable/reuse 可重复使用的（再写出相应的动词）词汇拓展1. fish（n.） fisherman （n.）渔民；钓鱼的人 fishermen （pl.）渔民；钓鱼的人2. advantage（n.） disadvantage （反义词）缺点；不利因素3. wood（n.） wooden （adj.）木制的；木头的4. harm（n.） harmful （adj.）有害的 harmless （adj.）无害的5. law（n.） lawyer （n.）律师6. science（n.） scientist （n.）科学家 scientific （adj.）科学上的；科学的7. overcome（v.） overcame （过去式） overcome （过去分词） overcoming （现在分词）克服；战胜8. care（v.） caring （adj.）体贴人的；关心他人的9. manage（v.） management （n.）管理；经营 manager （n.）经理；管理者10. congratulate（v.） congratulation （n.）祝贺；恭祝11. thank（v.） thankful （adj.）感谢的12. cost（v. & n.） cost （过去式/过去分词）花费13. separate（v. & adj.） separation （n.）分离；分开14. gentle（adj.） gentleman （n.）先生；绅士15. we（pron.） us （宾格）我们 our （形容词性物主代词）我们的 ours （名词性物主代词）我们的 ourselves （反身代词）我们自己16. thirsty（adj.） thirstier （比较级）更加渴的 thirstiest （最高级）最口渴的17. graduate（v.） graduation （n.）毕业中考词组短语词 组1. throw away扔掉2. put sth. to good use好好利用某物3. pull.down拆下4. upside down上下颠倒5. bring back恢复6. in a row连续几次地7. make a mess弄得一团糟8. keep ones cool沉住气9. believe in信任10. first of all首先11. be thirsty for渴望12. ahead of. 在前面13. be responsible for. 对有责任14. set out出发15. separate from分离16. play a part in doing. 在做中发挥作用17. be badly polluted被严重污染18. cut down air pollution降低大气污染19. in southern China在中国南部20. cut off割下21. be harmful to. 对有害22. at the top of. 在的顶部23. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事24. take action采取行动25. begin with. 以开始26. add up累加27. win a prize赢得奖品28. set up a website建立一个网站29. be known for. 因而著名30. with a little creativity带点小创意31. get worse and worse变得越来越糟糕32. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事33. be patient with. 对有耐心34. guide sb. to do sth. 引导某人做某事35. put in more effort投入更多的精力36. at the end of the year在年末37. be thankful to sb. 对某人充满感激38. give us wings to fly给我们飞翔的翅膀中考句型回顾书面表达素材1. 环境保护Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up!镇上的每个人都应该参与清理它！ To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway insteadof driving.为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘公共汽车或地铁，而不是开车。You can save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room.你可以通过在离开房间的时候关灯来节约用电。I think its a great idea that you now have to pay for plastic bags in some stores.我认为现在在一些商店人们必须为塑料袋付费是个很棒的主意。So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!因此，让我们团结协作，我们的努力会产生影响，创造出更好的未来！Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.甚至河底到处都是垃圾。Remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone. 记住把垃圾放进垃圾桶，保持公共场所干净、漂亮。Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind .如果你有创造性的思想，没有什么是废弃物。2. 校园情怀This year, with Mr. Trents help, my English level has been improving and I hope to get good grades at the end of the year. 今年，在特伦特老师的帮助下，我的英语水平提高了，我希望在年底取得好成绩。I know that Ms. Lee is always patient with you in math class. 我知道李老师在数学课上总是对你很有耐心。You were all so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge.你们所有人都充满了活力并对知识充满着渴望。Youve all grown up so much and Im so proud of you.你们所有人都成长了许多，我为你们骄傲。Choose wisely and be responsible for your decisions and actions.明智地选择，并对你的决策和行动负责。As you set out on your new journey, you shouldnt forget where you came from .在新的旅行启程之际，不应忘了你来自何处。It is always hard to separate from those whom you have spent so much time with for the past three years.与那些与你共度三年时光的同学们分离总是很难的。Never fail to be thankful to the people around you.永远不要忘了对你周围的人表示感谢。课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、save的用法【例句展示】1. We are trying to save the earth.我们正尽力拯救地球。2. Where is the bank? I want to save money.银行在哪儿？我要存钱。3. I want to save money to buy my mother a gift.我想要攒钱给妈妈买一件礼物。4. Please save water.请节约用水。【精讲辨析】save作动词，意为“挽救；存钱，攒钱；节省，节约”。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 医生正尽力抢救这女孩。The doctors are trying their best to_ the girl.2. 时间是生命。节省时间就是延长生命。Time is life._ time is to lengthen life.二、light的用法【例句展示】1. He lit the candle to read the book.他点蜡烛看书。2. Tom, dont turn on the lights when you enter the room. Someone is sleeping there.汤姆，你进入房间的时候不要开灯。有人在睡觉。3. I live in a room with good light.我住在一个光线很好的房间里。4. This box isnt so light as that one.这盒子没那个轻。5. I prefer light red to dark red.相比深红色，我更喜欢淡红色。【精讲辨析】1. light作动词，意为“点燃；点着”，其过去式和过去分词分别为lighted（lit）和lighted（lit），作定语时常用lighted,意为“点着的”。2. light可作名词。意为“灯”时，是可数名词；意为“光线”时，是不可数名词。3. light也可作形容词，意为“轻的；浅色的”。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Please turn off the_ （light）. Theyre so blinding（刺眼的）.2. He got up and_ （light） the fire for breakfast.三、put off的用法【例句展示】We cant put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制定计划。【精讲辨析】1. put off意为“推迟；推延”。off后接名词或动名词作宾语，若代词作宾语则放中间。如：We cant put it off. 我们不能拖了。We have to put off holding the sports meeting because of the weather. 因为天气原因，我们不得不推迟运动会。2. put的相关短语：put away把收起来放好；put. into.把放进；put out熄灭；put on穿上，上演；put up搭起（帐篷），举起，张贴；put ones heart into全身心投入；put in more effort投入更多的精力；put sth. to good use好好利用某物；put down记下，放下；put back放回，把（钟）拨慢，推迟，阻碍。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。因为下雨，运动会将推迟。The sports meeting_ because of the rain.四、trouble的用法【例句展示】1. He has much trouble in his work.他工作上有许多麻烦。2. She had trouble following the speech.她听演讲有困难。3. Dont trouble him.别麻烦他。4. Hes troubling about that thing.他正为那事费心。【精讲辨析】1. trouble作名词，意为“麻烦；困难；故障”，常作为不可数名词出现。2. trouble也可作动词，意为“使烦恼（麻烦）；费神；费心”，可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。【活学活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。1. Whats the_ （故障） with the machine?2. Im sorry_ （麻烦） you！3. Rose had_ （困难） getting to the top of the mountain. She was too weak.五、wonder的用法【例句展示】I wonder what you talked about at the last meeting.我想知道上次会议你们讨论了什么。【精讲辨析】wonder作动词，意为“惊讶；惊奇；想知道（=want to know）”。后接who, what, why等引导的宾语从句时，表示“想知道”；后接that引导的宾语从句时，表示“感到惊讶”；后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示委婉的请求或疑问；后可接不定式短语，也可接“疑问词+不定式”构成的短语。注：wonder还可以作名词。作可数名词时，意为“奇迹；奇观”；作不可数名词时，意为“惊奇；惊叹”，其形容词形式为wonderful，副词形式为wonderfully。【活学活用】A）根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 他想知道昨晚发生了什么。He wondered_last night.B）句型转换。2. I wanted to know how I could get to the hospital.（改为同义句）I_ get to the hospital.中考重点句型一、so的倒装句【例句展示】I have a lot of rules at my house.在我家有许多规则。So do we.我们也有。【归纳提高】1. So do we. 是一个倒装句，相当于We have a lot of rules at our houses, too.。so用来代替上句中所提到的内容，避免重复，使语言更简练，意为“也”。do是助动词，随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。时态要与上句中的谓语动词一致。其结构为“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”。如：Mike does well in English. 迈克英语学得不错。So do I. 我也是。He has learned ten English songs.他已经学了10首英语歌曲。So have we.我们也学了10首英语歌曲。2. 如果只是重复前面一句话的意思表示“赞同”，主语指同一个人或物，则不需要倒装，直接用“so+主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词”，意为“的确如此”。如：He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的男孩。So he is. 的确如此。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。你昨晚去了南希的生日派对吗？是的。蒂姆也去了。Did you go to Nancys birthday party last night?Yes, I did._ .二、You have all worked very hard over the last three years.在过去的三年中，你们所有人学习都很努力。【例句展示】In the last three years our city has changed a lot.在过去的三年里，我们的城市改变了很多。【归纳提高】in/over the last/past+一段时间，表示“过去的多少时间以来”，常与现在完成时连用。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。In the past ten years, he_ （help） twenty children to find their parents.三、sb. make（s）/made it to.某人准时赶到【例句展示】When I got to school, the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class.当我到校时，最后一个铃声正在响。我刚好赶上上课。【归纳提高】1. make it在句中表示“准时赶到”。make it是个常用短语，可单独使用，其后也可接表时间或地点类的名词。2. make it除表示“准时赶到”外，还可表示“办成功；做到”，或用来约定时间。如：Youll make it if you put your heart into it.如果你用心，你就会成功。For the party, lets make it next Sunday.至于派对，我们就定在下周日吧。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。他匆匆赶到火车站去乘10点的那趟火车，但是没有赶上。He hurried to the railway station for the 10:00 train but he didnt_ .四、It does+v. 原形.确实【例句展示】It does have a few good features, though.不过它确实还是有一些好的特色。【归纳提高】助动词does在本句中表示强调，表达说话者的一种强烈的感情。does要重读，放在动词原形前。其用法还有：1. 助动词do, does, did可用在肯定句中，避免重复前面已经用过的某个动词。如：He said hed help us and he did.他说他要帮助我们，他也确实这样做了。2. 祈使句中用do可使邀请的口气更加客气、热情或友好。如：Do sit down!请坐！【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 她英语的确说得很好。She_ speak English well.2. 谁打破了窗户？约翰干的。Who broke the window?John_ .五、How do you feel about.?你觉得怎么样？【例句展示】How do you feel about people who keep you waiting?你觉得那些让你一直等的人怎么样？【归纳提高】1. How do you feel about.?与How do you like.?及What do you think of/about.?意思相同，都是用来征求他人对某人/某事的态度或观点，意为“你认为怎么样”。2. 句中的keep you waiting意为“让你一直等”。keep意为“保持；使保持某种状态”，waiting作宾语补足语，表示该动作的持续性。【活学活用】A）句型转换。1. What do you think of this purse? （改为同义句）How do you_ this purse?B）根据汉语意思翻译句子。2. 你不应该一直想它。或许你可以做点其他的事情。You shouldnt_ about it. Maybe you can do something else.中考词语辨析一、more与another【例句展示】1. We have two more lessons before school finishes放学前我们还有两节课。2. I have eaten one apple, but I want two more apples.我已经吃了一个苹果，但还想再要两个。3. My father gave me another two oranges我父亲又给了我两个橘子。【辨异突破】1. two more意为“另外两个”，more修饰数词时，构成“数词more名词”结构，表示“再；又”。2. another表示“再；又”时，须用以下结构：another数词名词。【活学活用】同义句转换。1. We have two more lessons before school finishes.We have_ lessons before school finishes.2. My father gave me another two oranges.My father gave me_ oranges.二、be good at, be good for, be good to与be good with【例句展示】1. Li Lei is good at drawing.李雷擅长画画。2. Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。3. Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。4. Jim is good with children, so he wants to be a volunteer in Childrens Hospital.吉姆与孩子们相处得很好，因此他想在儿童医院做志愿者。【辨异突破】1. be good at （=do well in）意为“擅长于”。反义短语：be bad at在方面做得不好。2. be good for意为“对有好处”。反义短语：be bad for对有害。3. be good to （=be friendly to）意为“对某人好”。4. be good with （=get on/along well with）意为“与相处得好”。【活学活用】用be good at, be good for, be good to或be good with填空。1. My friend is_ swimming and it is_ his health.2. The people in the small village are all_ us.三、set out与set up【例句展示】1. As you set out on your journey, you shouldnt forget where you came from.当你们出发走上新征程时，不应该忘记你们来自哪里。2. Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.爱迪生10岁就建立了他自己的化学实验室。【辨异突破】1. set out意为“出发；动身”。2. set up意为“搭起；建立”，一般接具体事物、学说或组织。区别于found（成立国家、政党、军队等）。也不同于build up（建造实际的物体，如房屋、铁路，有时也指树立信心或人格）。set的相关短语：set about着手做；set sb. free释放某人；set an example to sb. 给某人树立一个榜样。【活学活用】用set构成的短语的适当形式填空。1. He_ early yesterday morning, didnt he?2. Lets_ the tent first.四、little, a little, few与a few【例句展示】1. There is little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里几乎没牛奶了。2. He can speak a little English.他会说一点儿英语。3. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.她说记流行歌曲的歌词也有点帮助。4. Few eggs are left, we have to buy some. 没有多少鸡蛋了，我们不得不去买一些。5. There are a few apples on the table, would you like one?桌上有一些苹果，你要一个吗？【辨异突破】1. little与a little修饰不可数名词。little意为“少量（几乎没有）”，表否定意义；a little意为“一点儿”，表肯定意义。2. little与a little可修饰动词，放在动词之后。3. few与a few修饰可数名词。few意为“少量（几乎没有）”，表否定意义；a few意为“一点儿”,表肯定意义。注：前有very或so时，用little/few；有only时，用a little/a few。【活学活用】用little, a little, few或a few填空。1. There is_ time left, we dont have to run to school.2. The math problem is so difficult._ students can work it out.3. There is_ water, is there?4. Can you speak English?Yes, but only_ .中考写作突破环境保护篇【话题解读】与环保相关的书面表达通常是先列举环境中出现的某一现象，要求考生先就该现象进行描述，然后提出建议，最后阐述自己的观点。主要涉及低碳生活、节约资源、保护环境等。此类试题通常以要点提示的方式来考查。文章常用一般现在时。【常见表达】1. The environment pollution is more and more serious today.2. Instead of driving to school or work, you should ride your bike or walk.3. We cant afford to wait any longer to take action.4. People are also littering in public places like parks.5. We should write to the government and ask them to close down the factories that pollute the water and air.6. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.7. How to protect our environment has been one of the most difficult problems in the world.8. Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves.【典型例题】（湖北鄂州中考）为响应我市“创建国家卫生城市”的号召，6月3日，5 000多名市民以绿色出行的方式参与了“生态鄂州环洋澜湖健步走”活动。请以“共建绿色城市”为主题，根据以下文字提示，并适当发表自己的观点，写一篇英语短文。主题Lets Build a Green City Together具体做法方式益处骑车、徒步出行避免交通拥堵，减少空气污染不乱扔垃圾，不随地吐痰让城市变得干净舒适植树造林美化城市，保护环境你的建议联系自己的生活实际提出几条具体的合理的建议。（至少2条）要求：（1）80100词。短文首句已给出，不计入总词数；（2）文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称及其他相关信息。参考词汇：spit吐痰，dustbin垃圾箱，traffic jams交通拥堵，environment环境As a middle school student of Ezhou, its our duty to help build a green city._【范文展示】 As a middle school student of Ezhou, its our duty to help build a green city. We can avoid the traffic jams and reduce the air pollution by riding bikes or walking. We mustnt throw rubbish or spit anywhere. In this way, we can keep our city clean and tidy so that we can live a comfortable life. And wed better plant more trees to protect the environment and make our city beautiful.In my daily life, I can pick up rubbish and put it into the dustbin wherever I go. I can also save the energy by turning off the lights when leaving the room. In a word, everyone can play a part in building our city.【亮点点评】1. 不同句式its our duty.; We can.by.; We mustnt.; wed better.的运用使文章读起来朗朗上口、富于变化。2. 从句.so that.; .wherever I go使文章增色不少。当堂检测一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The_ （fish） in this village are quite rich.2. This is the_ （ugly） skirt I have ever seen.3. Being a professional player has some_（advantage）.4. This kind of game must be played on a_（wood） floor.5. Have you_ （pay） for the tickets yet?6. Did you remember_ （meet） me in the street ten minutes ago?7. My English exam scores have_ （double） with the help of my English teacher.8. Do you know those_ （gentleman） over there?9. Im really_ （thank） to the teachers who have given me help.10. England is_ （separate） from France by the Channel.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 manage wing us survey cost 1. The jeans_ him 15 dollars.2. Lilys uncle has been working as a hotel_ for ten years.3. They are going to do some_ of hobbies of teenagers.4. “No matter what happens, we wont want to lose anyfriends of_ ,” the people said.5. The bird tried to fly up to the sky with its_ though it got hurt.三、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。When I GraduateHow quickly time goes by!Were setting out for1_（级别高的） high school. Its hard for me to2_（分离） from my dear teachers and classmates!Looking back at these past three years, I remember many people and things. I remember my he