On Stylistic Features of Economy News in English Newspaper and Its C-E Translation.doc

毕业论文（设计）On Stylistic Features of Economy News in English Newspaper and Its C-E Translation1. Introduction22. Stylistic features of English economy news32.1 Discourse features42.1.1 Title Diction featuresGrammatical features52.1.2 Lead62.1.3 Body structure6US giant eBay loses ground to Taobao72.2 Syntactic features82.2.1 Use of expanded simple sentence82.2.2 Frequent use of active voice92.2.3 Quotations102.3 Lexical features102.3.1 New words and expressions112.3.2 Jargons112.3.3 Abbreviations122.3.4 Midgets132.3.5 Flexible explanation of economy data132.3.6 Rhetorical devices Metaphor Personification Allusion153. C-E translation in economy news163.1 Theory applied in economy news translation173.2 Translation methods183.2.1Communicative translation method Applied in elegant words translation Applied in high-sounding words translation Applied in cultural loan words translation Applied in rhetorical devices translation Drawback of Communicative Translation223.2.2 Other translation methods244. Conclusion26References271. IntroductionWith the trend of economy globalization, the relationship between countries is becoming closer and closer. People consider it important to know other countries culture and make money by making use of the information they can acquire. English, being an international language, functions as the most popular and effective way for the people all over the world to communicate with each other and acquire information. Thus, it is widely applied by lots of media in transferring news in the world. Among various media, newspaper, one of the oldest but easily accessible media, stands out from other informative media and becomes the important choice for people to know what happened around or even somewhere far away from them.English economy news (EEN), as a sub-variety of English news, which is closely related to peoples life and even affects their decision in daily life, has gained much attention from readers than other types of news. This function endowed it with specific linguistic features that distinct it from other news. Even though western media are quite professionalized in English economy reports, its news is still not objective enough to convey foreign readers about real China for different political background (许明武, 2003).So it is necessary for the Chinese to transfer Chinese news into English version and show international readers what real China is. Therefore, C-E economy news translation work is essential for proper and objective transition of Chinese impression to the world. However, the huge difference between two languages with different cultures blocks a smooth transition of information. Consequently, there has been value in study of the stylistic features of English economy news and some methods applicable in the rendering process. This paper is mainly composed of four parts, including the introduction, the stylistic features of English economy news, C-E translation methods applied and the conclusion. The first part is the introduction in which the effect of the journalistic English to peoples life and work is presented. The second part takes a closed analysis on the stylistic features of English economy news. The third part introduces the theory of translation that applied in C-E economy news translation and the applicable translation methods. The fourth part is the conclusion. 2. Stylistic features of English economy news Stylistic study concerns the situational features that influence variations in language use, the criterion for the classification of language variety, and description of linguistic features and function of the main varieties of a language (丁往道，2002).In the book英语文体学论, Wang Zuoling and Ding Wangdao point out that the main duty of stylistic analysis should find out the phonetic, syntactic, lexical and textual characteristics of a style. Their ideas about stylistic features of English news reporting are based on the analysis of some news samples. They point out that “English news reporting prefers to employ long and complex sentences in syntax, compound words appear frequently in the text and most lexical words are semantically objective” (丁往道，2002:18).Judging from the definition, there are three aspects to research the stylistic features of economy news, including discourse, syntax, and lexeme2.1 Discourse featuresFrom the perspective of discourse analysis, economy news adheres to the following pattern of structure or discourse:Title-Lead-Body-End and background information in the text. A further analysis about them will be presented in the following passages.2.1.1 TitleAs an essential part of a piece of news, title is usually printed in large black letters above the text, which makes it more eye-catching than the rest. As a matter of fact, a title can be regarded as a piece of brief news which can offer readers a general idea of the news and help them to make a decision whether this news is meaningful for them. Because of the limited space of newspaper and the significance of title, the diction and grammar of title in economy news bear the following characteristics: Diction featuresFirstly, the most widely used words in title writing are midget but dynamic words and abbreviation, which can save the space of economy news writing and are easy for readers to understand. For example:Areva bids for turbine makerSecondly, nouns are also widely applied in economy news titles as they not only can serve as various parts of speech but also express the concept and meaning of a complete sentence in brief form. Sometimes, noun functions as verb, in which make the tittles seem more eye-catching. For instance:Recruiter eyes mainlandGrammatical featuresPresent tense almost replaces other tenses in economy news title, because the readers expect what have been written in the news are real in their life. So readers will believe that the news reported is true and fresh with title by using present tense. The following title will help to present the point:Auto giants call for govt help on fuelsIn addition, Non finite verbs are extensively applied. In the titles of EEN, infinitive is often substituted for the future tense, present participle for the progressive tense.ParticipleSecuring top staff a major challengeInfinitive Yahoo revenue growth to slow Syntactically, ellipsis is the most outstanding characteristics of economy news tittles. The form of the title should be originally a complete sentence. However, personal pronouns, conjunctions and functional words as well as possessives are usually omitted to shorten the length and highlight the most important contents so as to be more concise and comprehensive. Accordingly, a title is generally composed of nouns and verbs through the wide use of ellipsis to highlight the most important content and make more distinct. For example，HK jobless rate (is) at six-year low2.1.2 LeadThe lead is the key to any successful economy news and is to guide readers in news reading and gives them a sense of the news they are going to read. The lead usually contains the following elements: specific information about what happened, when the event occurred, the location of the event and the source of the information. To simplify in one sentence, 5 Ws and 1 H-who, where, when, why, what and how are the major elements of lead. For example:Anglo-Australian mining giant BHP Billition Ltd. (who) on Wednesday (when)said in Melbourne (where) its annual net profit surged 63 percent (what), setting a new Australian corporate earnings record (how )thanks to soaring metal prices and insatiable demand from China (why). 2.1.3 Body structureExcept for title and lead, body is the biggest part of the economy news and is the going-on of the lead. However, it presents more detail of economy events reported. The structure of an economy news body is inverted-pyramid-style (王蕾, 2003: 70). In this structure, information is arranged in the descending order of importance and news values, so the information on the above sector of news is much more important than that of the end one. Therefore, the most important material is placed at the beginning of economy news, and less important follows. The following example may helps to have a better understanding of the structure of economy news.US giant eBay loses ground to TaobaoThe Chinese market share of US e-commerce giant eBay plunged to a record low last year as local rival T gained further ground, according to an industry report. China IntelliConsulting Corp, founded by Internet industry analyst Lu Bowang, said yesterday that eBay the Chinese consumer-to-consumer e-commerce market in 2006 was 15.4 percent.Local rival Taobao, a subsidiary of Chinese e-commerce firm Alibaba, partly owned by Yahoo!, rose from 67.3 percent to 82 percent in the period.Up to 26 percent of sellers said they would close their shops on eBay Chinas website, compared to 7 percent on Taobao and 12 percent on Paipai. In this piece of this news, readers can get the most important information from the report by reading the lead. Who-US e-commerce giant eBayWhat- plunged to a record low as local rival T gained further ground, When- last yearWhere-China The rest are the further narrations of the event- the lost proportion of eBay in China, the condition of its rivals and peoples idea about this change.In this way, people save their time in reading as well as obtaining enough information. 2.2 Syntactic featuresEconomy news drafters prefer to employ simple sentence structures, like Subject+Verb, Subject+Verb+ Predicative, and Subject+Verb+Object, for simple structures can be easily understood and give readers a clear idea of a news. However, a piece of professional EEN can not just make up of a bound of simple sentences, so journalists develop a systematic syntax for EEN drafting. 2.2.1 Use of expanded simple sentenceExpanded simple sentence is widely applied in EEN writing, because it not only help to save the space of the newspaper and time in drafting news, but also makes readers understand news more clearly and easily. Simple sentence can be expanded by inserting attributes, adverbial modifiers, or appositives, compound sentences, etc. Participial phrases and prepositional phrases are usually used as attributes and adverbial modifiers, while noun phrases are applied as appositives and infinitives phrases are adopted to indicate purpose, intention, or result. For example,According to the initial plan agreed by both sides, Russian electricity monopoly Unified Energy System will work with its Chinese counterpart to build a string of power stations in the Far East region bordering China, and export the electricity back to China. The underlined in the above sentence are both adverbial modifiers, as the simple sentence Russian electricity monopoly Unified Energy System will work with its Chinese counterpart are the main part of the whole sentence. 2.2.2 Frequent use of active voiceActive voice is much more widely used than passive voice in EEN. In this way, news will be direct, straightforward, clarified and truly. Here is an example:Toyotas British factory has made enough profit in the past three years to offset more than a decade of steady losses, posting the first net positive return from its 17-year investment in Burnaston. If the active voice in the above sentence is shifted into passive voice, it would be inconvenient for the readers to read and understand the news. Because passive voice will make the subject stuff too much of information which is seemingly conflicted with the reading habit in English, and it will force the reader to rely heavily on the prior context to interpret the sentence. 2.2.3 Quotations Quotation adopted in EEN is classified into two types, namely, direct speech and indirect speech. In English economy news report, more than 80 percent of the economy news involves in objective economy events report that is called feature news, whereas less than 20 percent of economy news is about professional comment on some economy phenomena (张全义, 2003). The application of quotation in EEN can make the article more convincing and more objective so that reader can be sure that the journalist hasnt put his subjective comments or views in the news which may distort the real economy events. Here are two examples. Direct speech“we are providing all details regarding to the SEC and not commenting beyond that,” Steve Dowling, an Apple spokesman, said by telephone.Indirect speechSpeaking in Texas, Mr. Fisher said that while there was stronger evidence that the economy was slowing, the problem was that the “inflation pressure gauge needle was moving in the opposite direction. The underlined words in the above examples are those that applied in the EEN drafting frequently for the purpose of making the report more objective and authoritative. 2.3 Lexical featuresEven though EEN has the common lexical features of general English news, it bears its own features, too. 2.3.1 New words and expressionsEconomy news reports some economy events that happened recently, which requires journalists to employ new words and expressions to catch readers attention. Coinage is an effective way of creating novelty words that are widely applied in EEN. For example:ReganomicsRegan-economies 里根经济 TaikonauntChinese astronaut 中国太空人 “Reganomics” refers to the economy in the age of Regan, while “Taikonaunt” is compounded with a Chinese word “Taikon” which means universe and the English suffix “aunt”.2.3.2 JargonsJargon refers to those words that are used in various special fields. Therefore, jargons are usually thought as a major hindrance for readers to comprehend EEN. Nevertheless, jargons can serve the purpose of simplifying economy news drafting, as most of the jargons are brief and precise. Here are some frequently used jargons in English economy news.28Bear raid 空头猛跌 Bid-Ask Spread 买卖差价 Index Option 指数期权Cherry Picking 选出最有利的Segregated Fund 独立基金S&P (Standard And Poors) 标准普尔 Yield To Call 买回收益率Revolving Fund 周转性资金The S&P500 ended virtually flat at 1,279.36 after an early 1 percent rally while yields on benchmark 10-year Treasuries dropped 6 basis points to 4.9 percent, a four- month low.2.3.3 Abbreviations Due to the short form, abbreviations can save both the space of newspaper and readers time. It is frequently applied in the EEN.Here are some abbreviations frequently used in economy news. IMF- International Monetary FundATOI-After Tax Operating IncomeCPA-Certified Public AccountantsCPI- Consumer Price IndexFDI-Foreign Direct InvestmentFRB- Federal Reserve BankGDP- Gross Domestic ProductIPO- Initial Public OfferingLIBOR-London Interbank Offered RateMBO- Management BuyoutNYSE- New York Stock ExchangeAccordingly, the quality of abbreviations should be confined in a certain extension, and sometimes it is essential for journalists to make an explanation of it in brackets or with a dash. For example,Morgan Stanley CEO Mack appeared are the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission), to testify in the agencys insider-trading investigation of hedge fund Pequot Capital Management.2.3.4 Midgets Midgets are short words and they are widely exerted in English economy news writing on the basis that they can save the space of the paper and readers time. As midgets are frequently used in readers daily life, readers can understand them easily. As a rule, elegant words and long words should be avoided in EEN writing, because they will burden readers comprehension and reading speed (许明武, 2003: 22).Some of the frequently used midgets instead of longer ones found in economy newspaper are presented as follows.Accord- agree/reconcileAsk-inquireBan-prohibit/restrainDue-scheduleNod-approvalProbe-investigateSoar-skyrocketTop-exceedAid-assistanceArms- weapons2.3.5 Flexible explanation of economy dataWhile reading economy news, it is quite common for readers to come across economy data，which is adopted by journalists to clarify some economy phenomena or events. As a matter of fact, the employment of data in economy news can make the reporting more objective, convincing and precise. Figures for the Arabic numerals adopted in economy news can make the text concise and explicit. For instance,Share of Google fell US$2.35 to US$426.65 yesterday in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading and have risen 2.8 percent this year.Yahoo fell 56 cents to US$24.47, its lowest closing price since April 7, 200 Rhetorical devicesEven though journalists are required to report economy news objectively, it would be quite tedious for readers to read a piece of news abounding with a great amount of economy data and lengthy description of some economy events. So it is neceassary to use some rhetorical devices properly to vivid economy reporting. Metaphor, personification, and allusion are the three frequently-used rhetorical devices applied in EEN. Here are the analyses. Metaphor Made up of half a dozen separate businesses, the Boston-based behemoth manages $1,500bn in assets worldwide, making it larger than the entire global hedge fund industry.The metaphoric expression “behemoth” which first appeared in Old Testament about a huge animal, give a vivid image to readers the great power of a large company. Therefore, metaphoric expressions can draw readers attention, and assist thoughts by arousing a visual image in readers mind, making information more in