William Blake的介绍.ppt

WilliamBlake 教育6班第5组组员 钱婷婷 郭丽娟 Born28November1757 London EnglandDied12August1827 aged69 London EnglandOccupationWriter poet painter printmakerGenresVisionary poetryLiterarymovementRomanticismNotablework s SongsofInnocenceandofExperience TheMarriageofHeavenandHell TheFourZoas Jerusalem MiltonaPoem AnddidthosefeetinancienttimeSpouse s CatherineBlake 1782 1831 LifePointofviewMainworksandwritingfeaturesEngravingsGeneralculturalinfluence 1 Life BorninLondonon28November1757Asachild hewasalreadyfocusedonimagination theindividual andnaturewhicharethemesoftheRomanticandTranscendental 超自然的 period Attheage10 hewasenrolledinHenryPar sdrawingschool HewasexposedtoGreekandRomansculpture whichinfluencedhislaterwork Attheageof14 hebecameanapprenticeatanengravingbusiness Asanengraver helearnedhowtomake copperplates thatwereusedassurfacesforetchings Ashecontinuedtodevelophisskillinvisualarts Blackalsodevelopedhiswritingskills In1783 hisfirstsetofpoems PoeticalSketches waspublished ThesubjectmatterofhisworkswereRomanticintheirnaturebecausetheyincludeddiscussionofnaturereligion theindividual andideasfromhisownimagination Blakediedin1827 MonumentnearBlake sunmarkedgraveatBunhillFieldsinLondon 2 Pointofview PoliticallyBlakewasarebel makingfriendswiththoseradicals Hestronglycriticizedthecapitalists cruelexploitation HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution Heoncesaidthe darksatanicmillsleftmenunpployed killedchildrenandforcedprostitution LiterarilyBlakewasthefirstimportantromanticpoet showingcontemptfortheruleofreason oppositetheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcentury andtreauringtheindividual simagination 3 Mainworksandwritingfeatures 1 1 ThesongsofInnocence publishedin1789 isalovelyvolumepoems presentingahappyandinnocentworld thoughnotwithoutitsevilandsufferings 2 ThesongsofExperience publishedin1794 paintsadifferentworld aworldofmisery poverty disease warandrepresswithmelancholytoneStyle Thetwobooksholdthesimilarsubject matter butthetone emphasisandconclusiondiffers 第一本诗集 PoeticalSketches Blake sMarriageofHeavenandHell 1790 markshisentryintomaturity ThePoemwascomposedduringthechangeofFrenchRevolutionanditplaysthedoublerolebothasasatireandarevolutionaryProphecy InthisPoem Blakeexplaintherelationshipofthecontraries Style Blakewriteshispoeminplainanddirectlanguage hispoemoftencarriesthelyricbeautywithimmensecompressingofmeaning Hedistruststheabstractnessandtendtoembodyhisviewswithvisualimages symbolisminwiderangeisalsoadistinctivefeatureofhispoetry 4 Engravings AlthoughBlakehasbecomemostfamousforhisreliefetching 蚀刻术 hiscommercialworklargelyconsistedofintaglioengraving 雕刻凹印 thestandardprocessofengravingintheeighteenthcenturyinwhichtheartistwouldincise 切 animageintothecopperplate Thiswasacomplexandlaboriousprocess withplatestakingmonthsoryearstocomplete butasBlake scontemporary JohnBoydell realised suchengravingoffereda missinglinkwithcommerce enablingartiststoconnectwithamassaudienceandsobecominganimmenselyimportantactivitybytheendoftheeighteenthcentury Blakealsoemployedintaglioengravinginhisownwork mostnotablyfortheillustrationsoftheBookofJob completedjustbeforehisdeath MostcriticalworkhastendedtoconcentrateonBlake sreliefetchingasatechniquebecauseitisthemostinnovativeaspectofhisart buta2009studydrawsattentiontoBlake ssurvivingplates includingthosefortheBookofJob thesedemonstratethathemadefrequentuseofatechniqueknownas repoussage ameansofobliteratingmistakesbyhammeringthemoutbyhittingthebackoftheplate Suchtechniques typicalofengravingworkofthetime areverydifferenttothemuchfasterandfluidwayofdrawingonaplatethatBlakeemployedforhisreliefetching andindicateswhytheengravingstooksolongtocomplete TheNightofEnitharmon sJoy 1795 Blake svisionofHecate Greekgoddessofblackmagicandtheunderworld ThearchetypeoftheCreatorisafamiliarimageinBlake swork Here thedemiurgicfigureUrizenpraysbeforetheworldhehasforged TheSongofLosisthethirdinaseriesofilluminatedbookspaintedbyBlakeandhiswife collectivelyknownastheContinentalProphecies Blake sTheGreatRedDragonandtheWomanClothedwithSun 1805 isoneofaseriesofillustrationsofRevelation 5 Generalculturalinfluence Blake sworkwasneglectedforagenerationafterhisdeathandwasalmostforgottenwhenAlexanderGilchristbeganworkonhisbiographyinthe1860s ThepublicationoftheLifeofWilliamBlakerapidlytransformedBlake sreputation inparticularashewastakenupbyPre Raphaelitesandassociatedfigures inparticularDanteGabrielRossettiandAlgernonCharlesSwinburne Itwasinthetwentiethcentury however thatBlake sworkwasfullyappreciatedandhisinfluenceincreased Importantearlyandmidtwentieth centuryscholarsinvolvedinenhancingBlake sstandinginliteraryandartisticcirclesincludedS FosterDamon GeoffreyKeynes NorthropFrye DavidV ErdmanandG E Bentley Jr WilliamBlake sportraitinprofile byJohnLinnell WhileBlakehadasignificantroletoplayintheartandpoetryoffiguressuchasRossetti itwasduringtheModernistperiodthatthisworkbegantoinfluenceawidersetofwritersandartists WilliamButlerYeats whoeditedaneditionofBlake scollectedworksin1893 drewonhimforpoeticandphilosophicalideas whileBritishsurrealistartinparticulardrewonBlake sconceptionsofnon mimetic visionarypracticeinthepaintingofartistssuchasPaulNashandGrahamSutherland HispoetryalsocameintousebyanumberofBritishclassicalcomposerssuchasBenjaminBrittenandRalphVaughanWilliams whosethisworks ModernBritishcomposerJohnTavenerhasalsosetseveralofBlake spoems includingTheTygerandTheLamb Blakehadanenormousinfluenceonthebeatpoetsofthe1950sandthecountercultureofthe1960s frequentlybeingcitedbysuchseminalfiguresasbeatpoetAllenGinsberg songwritersBobDylan JimMorrison VanMorrison andEnglishwriterAldousHuxley MuchofthecentralconceitofPhillipPullman sfantasytrilogyHisDarkMaterialsisrootedintheworldofBlake sTheMarriageofHeavenandHell AfterWorldWarII Blake sroleinpopularculturehascometotheforeinavarietyofareassuchaspopularmusic film andthegraphicnovel leadingEdwardLarrissytoassertthat BlakeistheRomanticwriterwhohasexertedthemostpowerfulinfluenceonthetwentiethcentury ThetwoHolyThursday Inthepoems HolyThursday byWilliamBlake onecanseetwocompletelydifferentideas Inthefirstpoem BlaketriestoexpressanoptimisticandhopefulimageofinnocentchildrensingingtoChristonthedayofascension Thepoem srhythmisplayfulandchildishandeffectivelycarriesoutBlake simage Incontrast thesecondpoemisnegativeandpessimisticanditquestionsthenatureorexistenceofaGod Thechildrenarerejectedandabusedbysocietyandtheyareexactlytheoppositeofthechildreninthefirstpoem First HolyThursday Inthefirst HolyThursday colorfulchildrenaremarchingintoStPaul scathedralforthecelebrationoftheascensionofChrist Fromthefootnote onelearnsthatthesechildrenarefromthecharityschoolsinLondon meaningthattheyareverypoorandprobablydon thaveafamily HolyThursday TwasonaHolyThursday theirinnocentfacesclean Camechildrenwalkingtwoandtwo inread andblue andgreen Grey headedbeadleswalkedbefore withwandsaswhiteassnow TillintothehighdomeofPaul stheylikeThameswatersflow Ohwhatamultitudetheyseemed theseflowersofLondontown Seatedincompaniestheysit withradiancealltheirown Thehumofmultitudeswasthere butmultitudesoflambs Thousandsoflittleboysandgirlsraisingtheirinnocenthands Nowlikeamightywildtheyraisetoheaventhevoiceo