非谓语.doc

一.非谓语作定语(一)定语：修饰限定名词或代词的成分叫定语。(二)位置：一般单个单词如形容词，代词，数词，名词的所有格，ving，Ved等作定语时放在所修饰的名词或代词前，做前置定语。副词，短语如：prep phrase，to do, ving phrase, ved phrase或句子作定语放在所修饰词之后。eg. It is a difficult problemHis birthplace is BeijingWe have four lessons in the morning.He was thinking about a math problem.We should follow the doctors advice.Reading room is closed now.The walking baby is my child.The problems also exist in developed countries.The book on the desk is interesting.Every night, the man upstairs came back late.Can you give me some work to do?He needs a place to live in.Who is the boy dancing over there?The boy sitting at the desk is called Tom.I hate to see letters written in pencil.The man whom you saw just now is a doctor.(三)非谓语做定语的用法1.常用不定式做定语的有：(1) 修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的名词代词常用不定式作定语。eg. He is always the first to come(2) 有些名词常接不定式做定语，如: ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, courage, curiosity, chance, desire, decision, freedom, promise, permission, temptation, tendency, time, right, wish, plan, willingnesseg. I have no time to quarrel with you.You have the right to keep silent.2. Ving 作定语(1) 常用来表示被修饰词的用途eg. living room dining room sewing machine changing room walking stick(2) 该动词或动词短语与被修饰的名词代词之间为主动或进行关系。eg. smiling faces a sleeping boy a letter offering me the job3. Ved 作定语(1) 当动词或动词短语与被修饰词之间是被动或完成关系式用过去分词作定语。eg. developed country developing countryboiled water running watera book written by a famous writeran injured boy一 非谓语做状语。1. 不定式作状语(1)表示目的。 常用于(in order) to do, so as to do (不用于句首) 等结构。Eg. In order to go to the college, he studied day and night.She came here to work.for + npron 也可表示目的for + ving 表示用途eg. He went home to get money.He went home for money.Bamboo can be used for building.(2)放在表示心理的形容词后表示原因(glad nice surprise regret wonder)Eg. Im glad to hear the news.I wonder to see you here.(3) 表结果(不定式表示出乎意料的结果，ving 表示自然而然产生的结果)eg. He hurried to the bus station, only to find the train had already gone.He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.There was a terrible accident, causing the traffic jam.(4)固定结构中使用不定式too + adj+ to doadjadv + enough to do2. 分词作状语(1)如分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动，进行关系时，用ving。如分词和其逻辑主语之间是被动，完成关系时用Ved。eg. Seeing her mother, she cried out.Being blind, how could he see it?She sat there reading.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(2) 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。lost迷路的seated 坐着的 hidden隐藏的 dressed in穿着的 tired of对感到厌倦 lostabsorbed in沉迷于eg. Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful. Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.(3) 固定搭配Considering 考虑到， 鉴于 Given 考虑到Generally speaking 总的来说 Judging byfrom Supposing that 假定 Providing that 假定Provided that 如果 Owing to 由于Talkingspeaking of 谈及 To tell the truthTo be honest三非谓语作宾语1. 介词后的宾语 介词后通常用ving作宾语，但but后接不定式作宾语，如所在句子前出现了行为动词do, did, does时，but 后接动词原形。eg. You have no choice but to obey me.He has nothing to do but sit downHe didnt say nothing but to sit there smiling.2. 疑问词+to do 作宾语(what how when whether) eg. I dont know what to do.3. 作及物动词的宾语跟ving作宾语的动词及短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, risk,practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, enjoy, keep, consider, admit, prevent, dislike, avoid, resist, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, think of, get down to, stick to, be engaged in, insist on, take pride in, be worth, be busy, be proud of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be tired of, be afraid of, pay attention to, set about, 跟 to do 作宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, ask, expect, wish, decide, pretend, mange, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen, refuse, choose, 4. 既可以接ving又可以接 to do 的动词两者都可以接的意义不同的stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事go on to do继续另一go on doing 继续同一remember forget regret to do要去做remember forget regret doing做过try to do尽力去做try doing尝试做一下mean to do 打算去做mean doing 意味着.cant help to do cant help doing意义基本相同的begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require doing=to be done四.非谓语作宾补常见动词与宾语的关系例句不定式advise， ask， allow， want command， encourage，inspire expect warn， permit，invite，persuade, remind， tell， force urge，get(让), find(找)，request, order, depend on, with， call on， There be，have(有), beg, appeal to sbsth to do(呼吁恳求)主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成We have invited all our friends to join in the party.I heard him call me several times.have(让) let, make, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, help sbsth do sth现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.过去分词动宾关系，动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.五非谓语做主语1. 非谓语做主语是谓语用单数。Ving表示抽象的，经常的，或习惯性的动作。To do 表示