苏州园林.docx

苏州园林四大名园介绍苏州园林吸收了江南园林建筑艺术的精华，是中国优秀的文化遗产，理所当然被联合国列为人类与自然文化遗产。苏州园林善于把有限空间巧妙地组成变幻多端的景致，结构上以小巧玲珑取胜。狮子林、沧浪亭、拙政园、留园统称“苏州四大名园”，素有“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南”之誉。苏州园林代表了中国私家园林的风格和艺术水平，是不可多得的旅游圣地。 沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园、留园分别代表着宋（公元9481264年）、元（公元12711368年）、明（公元13691644年）、清（公元16441911年）四个朝代的艺术风格，被称为“苏州四大名园”。苏州园林四大名园拙政园位于苏州市娄门内东北街178号，是江南园林的代表，也是苏州园林中面积最大的古典山水园林，现列为全国重点文物保护单位。此地初为唐代诗人陆龟蒙的住宅，元朝时为大弘（宏）寺。明正德四年（公元1509），明代弘治进士、明嘉靖年间御史王献臣仕途失意归隐苏州后将其买下，聘著名画家、吴门画派的代表人物文征明参与设计蓝图，历时16年建成。苏州园林四大名园留园与北京颐和园、承德避暑山庄、苏州拙政园齐名。坐落在苏州市阊（音：chng）门外，始建于明嘉靖年间（公元15221566年），另一资料：留园修建于明天顺四年（公元1460年）。原为明代徐时泰的东园，清代归刘蓉峰所有，改称寒碧山庄，俗称“刘园”。清光绪二年又为盛旭人所据，始称留园。留园占地约30亩。苏州园林四大名园狮子林 狮子林为苏州四大名园之一，至今已有650多年的历史，为元代园林的代表。位于江苏省苏州市城区东北角的园林路23号，平面成东西稍宽的长方形，占地1.1公顷，开放面积0.88公顷。园内假山遍布，长廊环绕，楼台隐现，曲径通幽，有迷阵一般的感觉。长廊的墙壁中嵌有宋代四大名家苏轼、米芾、黄庭坚、蔡襄的书法碑及南宋文天祥梅花诗的碑刻作品。东南多山，西北多水，四周高墙深宅，曲廊环抱。以中部水池为中心，叠山造屋，移花栽木，架桥设亭，使得全园布局紧凑，富有“咫足山林”意境。狮子林既有苏州古典园林亭、台、楼、阁、厅、堂、轩、廊之人文景观，更以湖山奇石，洞壑深邃而盛名于世，素有“假山王国”之美誉。狮子林的湖石假山既多且精美，湖石玲珑，洞壑宛转，曲折盘旋，如入迷阵，有“桃源十八景”之称。洞顶奇峰怪石林立，均似狮子起舞之状。有含晖、吐月、玄玉、昂霞等名峰，而以狮子峰为诸峰之首。园内建筑以燕誉堂为主，堂后为小方厅，有立雪堂。向西可到指柏轩，为二层阁楼，四周有庑，高爽玲珑。指柏轩之西是古五松园。西南角为见山楼。由见山楼往西，可到荷花厅。厅西北傍池建真趣亭，亭内藻饰精美，人物花卉栩栩如生。亭旁有两层石舫。石舫备岸为暗香疏影楼，由此循走廊转弯向南可达飞瀑亭，是为全园最高处。园西景物中心是问梅阁，阁前为双仙香馆。双香仙馆南行折东，西南角有扇子亭，亭后辟有小院，清新雅致。苏州园林四大名园沧浪亭在江苏吴县城内郡学之南，钱氏广陵王元璙别圃，宋苏舜钦得之，筑亭曰沧浪，因作沧浪亭记，积水弥数十亩，旁有小山，高下曲折，与水相萦带，舜钦死，屡易主，绍兴时曾归韩世忠家，俗名韩王园，由元迤明，废为僧居，旧有飞虹桥、濯缨亭、清香馆、翠玲珑、瑶华境界诸胜，明归有光、清宋荦皆有记，至今为吴中胜境。在湖北阳新县放生池上，莲花弥望，夹堤皆垂柳，群山环列，有浮屠突兀在云烟紫翠间，记江山之胜，颇似武林西湖。苏州园林英文版导游苏州园林女士们、先生们，欢迎大家来到“鱼米之乡”-苏州。苏州是中国著名的园林城之一，苏州园林数量之多，造园艺术之高在全国首屈一指从最早东晋的辟疆园算起，苏州已经有一千五百年的治园经验。然而今天“苏州园林”一词并不仅仅指苏州的园林，而是江南私家园林的统称。苏州四大景点园林是沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园、留园。简而言之是体现了宋、元、明、清四个朝代的建筑风格。游客朋友们我们现在来到了留园，留园位于苏州市留园路，明万历年间太仆寺徐泰时所建，时称东园。来到留园我们就不得不说一下留园的三宝。这第一宝就是石头,留园里有一块举世闻名的石头，就是我们面前的“冠云峰”，重5吨高6.5米，它是江南四大奇石之一。宋代书画家米芾将太湖石特点归纳为瘦、皱、漏、透。由于它质地坚硬和外表不易发生变化的特质而被赋予了忠贞不喻的人格特征，自古为人类所崇拜。这第二宝就是楠木殿，素有“江南第一厅堂”之美誉。“五峰”源于李白的诗句。厅中扁额上的“五峰仙馆”四个字由金石名家吴大题写。楠木殿厅堂面阔五间，这里是园主以前用于举行重大宴饮以及婚丧寿喜的活动的场所。所以将大厅隔成了南北两个部分。南面，是主人宴请男宾之处。而北面则是专为女眷而辟。仙馆东西墙上分别设了一列开合非常大，但是装饰却简洁精雅的窗户。这样的做法是要把窗户外的两个小庭院的风景借鉴进来，拓展厅堂的视觉空间，保证建筑中有充分的光线。楠木殿的建筑用材非常奢华，梁柱全部采用楠木，使用如此贵重的木材可见五峰仙馆在留园中的地位非比寻常。但是在抗战时，楠木殿成了日军的马棚，饥饿的行军马，把上好的楠木柱子啃得不成样子。后来抗战胜利后修葺园子时，不得不用水泥把楠木柱糊住，外面又刷上漆我们现在看到的是留园的第三宝雨过天晴图，它是一副天然大理石画。画表面中间部分隐隐约约群山环抱，下部流水潺潺，瀑布飞悬，上部流云婀娜，正中上方，一轮白白的圆斑，就像一轮太阳或者一轮明月，这是自然形成的一幅山水画，这块直径一米左右的大理石出产于云南点苍山山中，厚度也仅有15毫米，真奇怪这么大尺寸的一块大理石是如何完好无损从相距千里之外的云南运到这个江南苏州的，真是一个谜。中国园林艺术博大精深，留园是其中的一个代表，如果你想了解更多的中国文化，欢迎您再次来到苏州。Suzhou Garde Ladies, gentlemen, Welcome to the land of fish and rice - - Suzhou. Suzhou ,one of the Chinese Cities of gardens tops all others in both number and artistry of gardens. Starting from Pi jiang Garden of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Suzhous art of gardening has undergone a history of1500 years. The concept of Suzhou classical gardens has gone beyond the city the regions of the Yangtze. The four classical gardens of Suzhou are The Surging Waves Pavilion. The Lion Grove Garden.The Humble Administrator Garden. The Lingering Garden. In a nutshell ,represent the different architectural styles of Song.Yuan.Ming.Qing dynasties.My friends, now we are in The Lingering Garden. It is located in Liuyuan Road, Suzhou City. It was built by Xutaishi in Ming Dynasty. At that time it was named Eastern Garden. There are three treasures in The Lingering Garden. The first treasure are Stones. The stone in front of us is the Most distinguishing stone Guangyun Peak. With a weight of 5 tons and a height of 6.5 meters, it is one of the four Wonderful Stones in the regions of the Yangtze. The calligrapher and painter Mifu in Song Dynasty sum up the features ofLake Tai stones as the following: slender wrinkling leaking , penetrating. Just take the guangyun Peak as an example and you will have some idea about the features of the stones. In addition, it is endowed with the personal characters of faithfulness because of its nature of stiffness and unchangeable outlook. Thus it has been worshipped by people since old time. The second treasure is Five peak fairy Hall Five peaks fairy hall gets the reputation of The first hall in the regions of Yangtze . The name comes from the lines of the great poet Libai. The four Chinese characters on the plaque were written by Wuda-the famous calligrapher. Nanmu Hall used to be the place for important banquets and ceremonies, such as birthday parties, weddings , funerals . The hall is divided into two sections_the south section and the north section. The south section host male guests, while the south section host female guests. The hall is elegantly designed with oversized windows on east and west sides . Through the windows, the outside sceneries of the two courtyards can be extended as parts of the hall, thus to ensure enough lights into the building. Five peaks fairy hall was built out of luxury materials. Beams and pillars are all Nanmu, which is a kind of timber only produced in China. That is also the reason why five peaks fairy hall is also commonly called Nanmu Hall. The Fossil Fish we are enjoying is the third treasure of Lingering Garden. It is a natural marble picture. In the middle of the picture are the clutters of mountains which are Partly hidden and partly visible; below are flowing Streams,above are floating clouds; right on the middle top is a round white spot like a sun or a moon.It is a picture drawn by the nature. The marble stone has a diameter of 1 meter or so and a thickness of 15 mms . It was produced in Diancang Mountain, YunNan province. It is a wonder how such big a stone was delivered i