上海牛津英语8A重点语法知识点(初二期末复习用).doc

授课内容： 1.In the magazine &on the magazine 2. Would like to do sth 3. One and a half metres tall4. My hobby is doing sth. My ambition is to do sth.5. Sth nearby: a restaurant nearby6. At school/university; attend/leave school（上学/离开学校毕业）7. Be keen on sth/doing sth8. Enjoy doing sth9. a photo of myself/our school; a photo of mine10. Hope & wish:Hope: 1） Hope to do sth; 2） Hope （that）从句3） Hope for sth希望，期待 Everyone hopes for snow.Lets hope for the best and prepare for the worst.wish:1） Wish sb sth 祝愿 ;We wish you good luck.2） Wish to do， wish sb to do， 想要；希望，渴望What do you wish me to do?你想要我做什么？I wish you to be happyI wish to go， but my mother wishes me to stay at home.我想去，但母亲希望我呆在家。3） Wish （that） 但愿（虚拟）I wish （that） I were/was younger.4） wish for希望，想要 We have everything we can wish for.5） Wish sb/sth + adj:I wish you well and happy;I wish everything ready.11. 反义疑问句：反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question) 即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。！）不定代词 当陈述部分的主语是（1）用one时，后面的疑问句可用one/he.（2）用no one时，后面附加疑问句中主语用they。（3）everything,anything,nothing,something时，附加疑问句中主语用it 不用they（4）this, that,或those, these时，附加疑问句中主语用it或they.（5）everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，anyone，nobody等，附加疑问句中主语一般用they（口头语，非正式文体）/he（正式文体）。（6）不定式，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用it。（7）在there be句型中，附加疑问句中一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there。2）否定意义的词(1)当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，none,rarely ，no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意义的词汇时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式：Therere few apples in the basket, are there?He can hardly swim, can he?They seldom come late, do they?(2)当陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用they或he：Everyone in your family is a teacher, arent theyisnt he？(3)当陈述部分的主语为everything,something,anything.nothing等表示物的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用it：Something is wrong with your watch, isnt it?(4)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un,dis,no-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词，当做肯定句处理，疑问部分要用否定形式。如：He looks unhappy,doesnt he? 他看上去不高兴，不是吗？The girl dislikes history,doesnt she? 这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？(5)当陈述部分有less, fewer等词视为肯定词，疑问部分用否定形式。There will be less pollution, wont there?3）祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达，分三种情况：（1）一般情况下用will you 或wont you。Give me a hand, will you?Leave all the things as they are, wont you?（2)以Lets（听者包括在内）开头的祈使句，前肯后可肯可否，疑问句必须用shall we（shall只用于第一人称）;只有以Let us（听话人不被包括在“us”里面）或Let me开头的祈使句，问句才用will you。Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?Lets try again, shall we?Let me help you, will you?Lets have a look on your book，shall we？（3)当陈述句是否定的祈使句时，问句可用will you 或can you 。e.g. dont make much noise, will/can you?4）Must.当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况：（1）mustnt表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must.You mustnt stop your car here, must you?你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？（2）must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用neednt.They must finish the work today, neednt they?他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？（3）must be表推测,用来表示对现 在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。He must be good at English, isnthe? 他英语一定学得很好，是吗？She must be a good English teacher, isnt she? 她一定是位优秀的英语老师，是吗？（4）当must have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语”。She must have read the novel last week, didnt she?她上星期一定读了这本小说，不是吗？You must have told her about it, havent you?你一定把这事告诉她了，不是吗？回答反意疑问句的回答：前肯后否，前否后肯，根据事实从后往前翻译。如：（1）They work hard,dont they?他们努力工作，不是吗？Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they dont.不，他们工作不努力（2）They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they dont. 是的， 他们工作不努力否定反义疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式，反义疑问句为否定式时，其回答一般不会造成困难，一般只需照情况回答即可：Its new, isnt it? Yes, it is. “是新的，不是吗？”“是，是新的。”He wants to go, doesnt he? No, he doesnt. “他想去，不是吗？”“不，他不想去。”此时，Yes即是，对前面Its new.的肯定。12. Look for，think of，13. Germany德国 German德语，德国人14. Be close to sth15. Like to do/like doing; love to do/love doing16. Share sth with sb. 17. A school uniform;18. Friends from all over the world19. On weekdays;at weekends20. One of the top students21. Have already done sth. 22. Success - successful - succeed23. Family:家庭成员（复）All of her family work in her business. 24. Put on ones school uniform & wear a uniform25. Luck - luckily26. Be responsible for =be in charge of= take charge of27. Discuss sth/have a talk over/at breakfast;have a chat over breakfast/ a cup of coffee28. Go to sp. in ones car;in ones car & by car29. Drive sb to sp.11. On the way （to sp.）30. Start school开始上课31. Achieve sth;achieve A grades32. Fail sth; fail an exam33. Collect sb. from sp.34. Client - customer35. Attend a club36. Assist sb; assist sb to do sth;assist - assistant37. Continue to do sth./ continue doing sth.38. Work on sth39. Need much sleep40. Never， seldom; 41. Wake up;get up;get out of bed;42. Join the circus加入；perform in the circus43. Then 那时 back then 当时，那个时候44. Its time for sth.1）. It is time for your study.是时候学习了。（是学习的时候了。）2）. It is time for a change.是时候做出一些改变了。”3） . And now it is time for you to move on.45. Travel with sb. ; practise with sb. （live/work with sb .）46. Get bored; （get hurt; get + done）47. Train for the circus; for 为了48. Fall down; & fall off s