英语高考动词时态.doc

时 态 (讲解部分由何利、王晶、李璇、李婷婷整理；综合题部分由周丽丽整理)考点一、一般现在时1. 构成：主语+V原 主单三+V+s/es2. 用法：（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与usually, always, often, sometimes,everyday(week, morning), once a week等时间状语连用。I often go to school by bike.He always reads newspaper after supper.I get up at 7 every morning. （2）表示主语的现状，性质和状态。 He speaks English very fluently. She is fond of music. My mother loves cooking. （3）表示客观规律，正确事实，科学真理，格言及警句。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 Water boils at 100 水在摄氏100度时沸腾。 Pride goes before a fall.骄必败。 Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. 博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。(4)主句为过去时态，宾从为客观真理，从句用一般现在时。The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. （5）在时间，条件状语从句中，用现在时态表将来：（if，unless，as soon as，when等。 We will start as soon as you arrive. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park. I wont go to the party unless he goes there. （6）表示按时间表或时刻表发生的动作，通常和表示“运动”的短暂性动词。如：go，come, leave, start, begin, arrive, take off等。The film starts at 7 this morning.The train leaves at 5 pm.The plane takes off at 4 pm. （7）在某些以here, there开头的句中用一般现在表正在发生的动作。 There goes the bell. Here comes the bus.(2009北京，25) There many students in the library after school every day.A. has B. have C. is D. are(2009湖北武汉，26)What does your sister like doing in her spare time? She watching TVAlikes B. liked C. has liked D. had likedJenny _ in an office.Her parents _in a hospital.A work; works B works; work Cwork; are working Dis working; workWe will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rainHe said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; setsWang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking; listenJenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied考点二， 一般过去时：1. 构成：主+V-ed2. 用法： (1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last week（year，month） the day before yesterday, the other day, two years ago, in 2008, in the past, just now等表示过去的时间状语连用。 We visited the factory last week. She came here the other day. That happened many years ago. (2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。 He usually went to school on his bike last year. He seldom went to the cinema. 过去他很少去看电影。 What time did you used to get up last year? （3）在条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 He said that he would not go if it rained. She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.(4)在时间状语从句中Hans said he would let us know if he got any news. 汉斯说要是得到消息就告诉我们.(5) used to do something 过去常常做（表示现在不这样了） I used to leave for work at 7:30我过去常常是在七点半上班的。(2009北京，29)They her to the party, so she was very happy.A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting(2009湖北武汉，27)When Jessy to New York？ Yesterday.A. does；get B. did; get C. has; got D. had liked Im sorry the bus has left.It _five minutesago.Oh, what a pity!Awas leaving B has left C left DleavesShe lived there before he_ to China.A. came B. comes C. come D. comingI _ but _ nothing.Awas listened; was hearing B. listened; heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard ofWhen did you _here?A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reachI_ my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish-I have had supper.- When _ you _ it?考点三：现在进行时1.构成：由am/is/are加v.-ing 形式构成2. 现在进行时的具体应用（1）表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作，常与now, at present 等时间状语连用。-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.What are you doing these days?My friend is working on a new book about stories at sea.Look at those sheep! They are running all the time.注意：look, listen 暗示应用现在进行时。（2）与always 连用，带有褒义或贬义的感情色彩。He is always helping people.She is always making noises in class.Hes always forgetting my name.（3）go, come, leave等用现在进行时形式表示将来的时间。Jims coming to Anns birthday party on Sunday.Were going to the cinema tomorrow evening.What time are you leaving for Hong Kong?（4）不能用现在进行时的词:表示知道或了解的动词: believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, remember, realize, suppose, understand表示“看起来”“看上去: appear, resemble, seem表示喜爱或不喜爱: hate, like. lover. prefer表示构成或来源的动词: be come from. contain, include表示感官的动词: hear see smell sound taste 表示拥有的动词: belong to. need. own .possess. want wish例题1. My friend _ me. I have to leave now.(09河北)A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for2- Shush, be quiet! The baby _in the next room.(09广东) - OK. Sorry. A. sleep B. slept C. sleeps D. is sleeping3. Thanks to our government, the areas on the west coast of Taiwan Strait are _ rapidly.(09福州) A. develop B. developed C. developing D. development 4. Dont turn on the TV. Grandma _ now.(08北京)A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps5. -Where is Mike? He asked me to go out for a walk this evening.(08成都) -Maybe he _ in the living room now.A. watched B. will watch C. is watching6. -Where is Frank now?(05海淀) - He _ his bike in the yard.A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed7. Look! The boys _ happily in the river.(07江西) A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. are swimming8. They are _ (建造) a new bridge over the river.（09苏州）9. Look! The people in the river _ (swim).(07济南)Keys: 15C D C A C 69 C D building; are swimming 考点四：过去进行时1. 构成：was/were 加 v.-ing 形式构成2. 过去进行时的应用：（1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作I was reading the newspaper when the door bell rang.I didnt hear the call. I was watching TV.What were you doing when I called you?（2）常用在时间状语从句中，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。While I was waiting for the train I dropped my purse.Mary burnt her hand when she was cooking the dinner.When you phoned me yesterday, I was playing computer games.（3）表示从过去的角度预计要发生的动作，这些动词有come, go, start, leave, stay, arrive等。She told me she was leaving for Paris tomorrow.When we arrived at the station, the train was just going to start.Jane said she was leaving for home in a day or two.（4）过去进行时在宾语从句中的应用（5）过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间内正在进行（动作正在发生）；一般过去时强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过某个动作（已做过）。I was doing my homework last night.（正在发生）I did my homework last night.（已经做完）We were planting trees on the mountains yesterday morning. （正在发生）We planted trees on the mountains yesterday morning. （已经做完）例题1. He _ his bicycle when it began to rain.(09天津)A. was riding B. is riding C. has ridden D. rides 2. I _ on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.(06河北)A. draw B. drew C. was drawing D. am drawing3. The children _ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.(09宁夏) A. have B. are having C. had D. were having4. -Did you see a girl in white pass by just now?(09长沙) - No, sir. I _ a newspaper. A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading5. The engineer _ (search) for some information on the Internet in the study while his wife was cooking in the kitchen.(09无锡)6. The young man was making shoes at 8o clock yesterday evening.(就划线部分提问)（08乌兰察布） _ was the young man _ at 8o clock yesterday evening?Keys: A C D B was searching; What doing考点五：一般将来时1. 构成： shall/will 加动词原形构成，常与tomorrow, next week, next time, in an hour等表示将来的时间状语连用。2.一般将来时的应用： （1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态What time will she arrive?When will you leave for America?A meeting will be held next Tuesday at 3 p.m.（2）be going to 表将来。be going to 常用来表示按照决定或安排，必然或很可能要发生的动作，也可用来表示自然现象。Im going to clean the kitchen this afternoon.What are you going to do next Sunday?Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.（3）be doing 表示将来，常常指安排好要做的事情，很少变更。位移性动词go, come, leave, begin, run, stay, do, take等用进行表将来What are you doing at the weekend?Jane is leaving the university in two years time.Im taking the children to the seaside on Sunday.（4）be to do 表示将要发生的事或必然要做的事情Theyre to ring me up on Sunday.The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.Some students are to visit China next week.（5）be about to 表示马上就要发生的事， 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。Autumn harvest is about to start.Another 300 people are about to lose their jobs.The concert is about to start now.（6）一般现在时的形式表示按计划，安排，时间表等严格执行的行为.The sports meet takes place on May 1st.The plane takes off at 6:40 p.m.She leaves at nine oclock tomorrow morning.（7）当主句为一般将来时态时，在if, as soon as, when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时-“主将从现”If it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a football match.Ill take care of the child while you are away.Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her.例题1. Keep Practicing and you _ your English.（09河北）A. improve B. will improve C. improved D. were improving2. -The TV show Home With Kids is so wonderful. You shouldnt miss it.(07重庆) - If I have time, I_ it. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen3. I want to know if there _ an English speech contest next month. If our school _ it, I must get ready for it.(07齐齐哈尔) A. will be; holds B. will be; will hold C. will have; hold4. The summer vacation will begin next week. David _ to stay with us.(06昆明) A. will be coming B. comes C. came D. is coming5. Hell send us a message as soon as he _ in Sichuan.(09上海)A. is arriving B. will arrive C. arrived D. arrives 6. -Do you know when Dr White _ for dinner this evening?(08福建) -No, but I think he _ when he is free. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come7. -Have you gone to see the doctor?(08大连) -No, but I _. A. didnt B. am going to C. havent D. am not going to8. You _ (not know) what the pear tastes like if you dont eat it.(09无锡)9. The little girl will give the flowers to the hero when he _ (appear).(09无锡)10. If it _(下雨), well not have a sports meeting.(08黄冈)11. The students will learn the group dance on the school playground.(对划线部分提问)（08重庆） _ _ the students learn the group dance?12. Foreigners will have some problems talking with Chinese in 2008.(改为否定句)(08陇南) Foreigners _ have _ problems talking with Chinese in 2008. 13. She will stay here for four days.(改为一般疑问句)（08乌兰察布） _ _ stay here for four days?Keys: 15 B C A D D 610 B B wont know; appears; rains 1113 Where will; wont any; Will she; 考点六：过去将来时1. 构成： would + 动词原形2. 应用： （1）表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中, 时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day).He said he would buy some fruit for his sister.He asked when the meeting would end.（2）were/was going to +动词原形，表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作。I thought it was going to rain soon. They were going to start a new job when I saw them then.（3）were/was doing 表示曾经指安排好要做的事情，很少变更。位移性动词go, come, leave, begin, run, stay, do, take等用过去进行表将来He didnt say when he was coming.I thought they were leaving soon.（4）were/was to do 表示从过去看将要发生的事或必然要做的事情They were to ring me up on Sunday.The meeting was to take place early the next day.（5）were/was about to 表示从过去看马上就要发生的事。Autumn harvest was about to start.The concert was about to start. （6）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。Id cook you nice meal when you came home in the evening.He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project. 例题：1. He said that he _(come) back in five minutes.(09兰州)2. -What did your son say in the letter? -He told me that he_ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit Keys: would come; 一、单选 1- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet. - Well, he said he _here on time. A came B would come C can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _. A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month. A as; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come 4Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend 答案：1 B 2 A 3C 4 D 二、填空 1 She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning. 2 I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning. 3 He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight. 4 Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work. 答案： 1 was leaving 2 would lend 3 would be 4 would help考点七现在完成时1. 构成： have/ has +Vp.p.2用法： （1）表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，常与yet, just, never, already, before I have lost my pen我的钢笔丢了（过去某时丢的，现在还没有找到） I have already watched the TV play. 我已近看过这部电视剧了。 He has just come back from Beijing 他刚从北京回来。 I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从未乘飞机旅行过。 Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你去过上海吗？【注】already, yet 用于现在完成时。区别： I have already found my lost pen变疑问Have you found your lost pen yet?(已经) 变否定 I havent found my lost pen yet.（还） （2）表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常与for，since，in the past few years，so far，up to now等连用。 I have not heard from her so far. 到目前为止，我没有收到过她的信。 We have learned five hundred words up to the present到目前为止，我们已学了五百个生词。【注】Since 和 for的区别 since+时间点 1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。I have been here since 1989.2) since +一段时间+ agoI have been here since five months ago.3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. for+时间段I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)【注】动词多为延续性动词。 We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年来我们一直住在这里（说明一直住在这里，也许还会住下去） He has worked here for over 20 years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。 Great changes in every field have taken place in the past 10 years.在过去的十年里各方面都发生了巨大的变化。（3）have been to ，have been in，have gone tohave been to “去过某地”常与ever，never，before连用have been in “在某地”have gone to “去了某地” 人可能在途中已经到了那里。I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。Lily has been in Lanzhou for 10 years. 莉莉在兰州已经住了10年了。My parents have gone to the park. 我父母去公园了。（4）瞬间性动词和延续性动词的转换口诀：开始离去，借来还，出生入死，买到家。begin/startbe on bornbe in leavebe away fromdiebe dead borrow keep buyhavecomebe here arrive be in return be backgobe比较：openbe open closebe closed finishbe over put on wear、I have left this school I have been away from this school for eight years. He has borrowed my dictionary. He has kept my dictionary for two days.He has arrived in China.He has been in China since 1990.(2009重庆，25)Miss Gao isnt here. She to the bus station to meet Mr.BrownA. go B. has gone C. has been D. would go(2009广东，34) Sam Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese nowA. learned B. learns C. has learned D. will learn(2009湖北武汉，28)How clean the bedroom is! Yes，I am sure that someone it.A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned(2008辽宁沈阳，5) Im not hungry because I lunch already.A. have B. had C. am having D. have had(2009安徽，40)Prison Break is the best American TV play that I these years.A. watch B. will watch C. have watched D. was watching考点八过去完成时 1构成：主+had+Vp.p.2. 用法：表示过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”常与before，by last week，by the end of last year.【注】过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作 She had left by the time I arrived. 我到达以前，他已经离开了。 He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.在他来之前，她已经在上海住了十年了。 The train had left before I got to the station.(2009广西)We were in Qingdao last week and great fun there.A. will have B. have had C. had D. have(2008甘肃兰州)Why didnt you go to the movies yesterday? Because I it before.A. had watched B. have seen C. have watched D. had seenBefore he volunteered to direct the traffic, he had had lots of jobs.3. 过去完成时用于宾语从句，主句用一般过去时，宾语从句常用过去完成时，表示从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前。I lost the pen you had bought for me. 我丢失了你给我买的钢笔。he moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground.A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving travel by ship, but I didnt have enough time t